1
|
He S, Chen Z, Xue C, Zhou L, Li C, Jiang W, Lian S, Shen Y, Liao M, Zhang X. MiR-9a-5p alleviates ventilator-induced lung injury in rats by inhibiting the activation of the MAPK signaling pathway via CXCR4 expression downregulation. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 112:109288. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
2
|
Selezneva A, Gibb AJ, Willis D. The contribution of ion channels to shaping macrophage behaviour. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:970234. [PMID: 36160429 PMCID: PMC9490177 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.970234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The expanding roles of macrophages in physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms now include normal tissue homeostasis, tissue repair and regeneration, including neuronal tissue; initiation, progression, and resolution of the inflammatory response and a diverse array of anti-microbial activities. Two hallmarks of macrophage activity which appear to be fundamental to their diverse cellular functionalities are cellular plasticity and phenotypic heterogeneity. Macrophage plasticity allows these cells to take on a broad spectrum of differing cellular phenotypes in response to local and possibly previous encountered environmental signals. Cellular plasticity also contributes to tissue- and stimulus-dependent macrophage heterogeneity, which manifests itself as different macrophage phenotypes being found at different tissue locations and/or after different cell stimuli. Together, plasticity and heterogeneity align macrophage phenotypes to their required local cellular functions and prevent inappropriate activation of the cell, which could lead to pathology. To execute the appropriate function, which must be regulated at the qualitative, quantitative, spatial and temporal levels, macrophages constantly monitor intracellular and extracellular parameters to initiate and control the appropriate cell signaling cascades. The sensors and signaling mechanisms which control macrophages are the focus of a considerable amount of research. Ion channels regulate the flow of ions between cellular membranes and are critical to cell signaling mechanisms in a variety of cellular functions. It is therefore surprising that the role of ion channels in the macrophage biology has been relatively overlooked. In this review we provide a summary of ion channel research in macrophages. We begin by giving a narrative-based explanation of the membrane potential and its importance in cell biology. We then report on research implicating different ion channel families in macrophage functions. Finally, we highlight some areas of ion channel research in macrophages which need to be addressed, future possible developments in this field and therapeutic potential.
Collapse
|
3
|
Wei XB, Jiang WQ, Zeng JH, Huang LQ, Ding HG, Jing YW, Han YL, Li YC, Chen SL. Exosome-Derived lncRNA NEAT1 Exacerbates Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy by Promoting Ferroptosis Through Regulating miR-9-5p/TFRC and GOT1 Axis. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:1954-1969. [PMID: 35038133 PMCID: PMC8882117 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02738-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis can cause sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE), but whether SAE was induced or exacerbated by ferroptosis remains unknown. In this study, the rat sepsis model was constructed using the cecal ligation and puncture method. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability was measured by Evans blue dye (EBD) in vivo. The levels of ROS, Fe ion, MDA, GSH, and GPX4 were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The exosomes isolated from serum were cultured with bEnd.3 cells for the in vitro analysis. Moreover, bEnd.3 cells cultured with 100 μM FeCl3 (iron-rich) were to simulate ferroptosis stress. The cell viability was evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. A dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was performed to confirm the relationship between miR-9-5p with NEAT1, TFRC, and GOT1. In vivo, it is found that BBB permeability was damaged in model rats. Level of ROS, Fe ion, and MDA was increased, and level of GSH and GPX4 was decreased, which means ferroptosis was induced by sepsis. Exosome-packaged NEAT1 in serum was significantly upregulated in model rats. In vitro, it is found that NEAT1 functions as a ceRNA for miR-9-5p to facilitate TFRC and GOT1 expression. Overexpression of NEAT1 enhanced ferroptosis stress in bEnd.3 cells. Increased miR-9-5p alleviated sepsis-induced ferroptosis by suppressing the expression of TFRC and GOT1 both in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, these findings suggest that sepsis induced high expression of serous exosome-derived NEAT1, and it might exacerbate SAE by promoting ferroptosis through regulating miR-9-5p/TFRC and GOT1 axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Biao Wei
- Department of Geriatric Intensive Care Unit, Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Qiang Jiang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Ju-Hao Zeng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Qiang Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Guang Ding
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Wen Jing
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Li Han
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Chen Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Long Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bai W, Liu M, Xiao Q. The diverse roles of TMEM16A Ca 2+-activated Cl - channels in inflammation. J Adv Res 2021; 33:53-68. [PMID: 34603778 PMCID: PMC8463915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transmembrane protein 16A (TMEM16A) Ca2+-activated Cl- channels have diverse physiological functions, such as epithelial secretion of Cl- and fluid and sensation of pain. Recent studies have demonstrated that TMEM16A contributes to the pathogenesis of infectious and non-infectious inflammatory diseases. However, the role of TMEM16A in inflammation has not been clearly elucidated. Aim of review In this review, we aimed to provide comprehensive information regarding the roles of TMEM16A in inflammation by summarizing the mechanisms underlying TMEM16A expression and activation under inflammatory conditions, in addition to exploring the diverse inflammatory signaling pathways activated by TMEM16A. This review attempts to develop the idea that TMEM16A plays a diverse role in inflammatory processes and contributes to inflammatory diseases in a cellular environment-dependent manner. Key scientific concepts of review Multiple inflammatory mediators, including cytokines (e.g., interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13, IL-6), histamine, bradykinin, and ATP/UTP, as well as bacterial and viral infections, promote TMEM16A expression and/or activity under inflammatory conditions. In addition, TMEM16A activates diverse inflammatory signaling pathways, including the IP3R-mediated Ca2+ signaling pathway, the NF-κB signaling pathway, and the ERK signaling pathway, and contributes to the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases. These diseases include airway inflammatory diseases, lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction, acute pancreatitis, and steatohepatitis. TMEM16A also plays multiple roles in inflammatory processes by increasing vascular permeability and leukocyte adhesion, promoting inflammatory cytokine release, and sensing inflammation-induced pain. Furthermore, TMEM16A plays its diverse pathological roles in different inflammatory diseases depending on the disease severity, proliferating status of the cells, and its interacting partners. We herein propose cellular environment-dependent mechanisms that explain the diverse roles of TMEM16A in inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiliang Bai
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of Ion Channel Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Qinghuan Xiao
- Department of Ion Channel Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Studies indicating that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a regulatory role in sepsis are increasing rapidly. This present review summarizes recent publications on the role of microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in sepsis. RECENT FINDINGS MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and lncRNAs are being identified as potential sepsis biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Experimental studies have examined the biological mechanisms that might underpin the regulatory role of these ncRNAs in sepsis. SUMMARY Clinical applications of miRNAs and lncRNAs in sepsis are on the horizon. These data could lead to the identification of novel treatments or indeed support the repurposing of existing drugs for sepsis. Validation of the findings from these preliminary studies and crucially integration of multiomics datasets will undoubtedly revolutionize the clinical management of sepsis.
Collapse
|
6
|
Yuan W, Xiong X, Du J, Fan Q, Wang R, Zhang X. LncRNA PVT1 accelerates LPS-induced septic acute kidney injury through targeting miR-17-5p and regulating NF-κB pathway. Int Urol Nephrol 2021; 53:2409-2419. [PMID: 34089461 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-021-02905-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long noncoding RNA PVT1 is associated with diverse human diseases, including acute kidney injury (AKI). However, our understandings of PVT1 on septic AKI are limited. METHODS The septic AKI model was constructed through lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment. PVT1 and miR-17-5p levels were measured using qRT-PCR analysis. The concentrations of inflammatory cytokines were determined with ELISA kits. Cell viability and apoptosis were assessed using CCK-8 assay and flow-cytometric analysis, respectively. Protein levels were examined using western blot assay. The targeting association between miR-17-5p and PVT1 was verified by dual-luciferase reporter, RIP and RNA pull-down assays. RESULTS PVT1 level was elevated and miR-17-5p level was declined in septic AKI patients' serum and LPS-stimulated HK-2 cells. Cell viability was suppressed and cell apoptosis and inflammation were promoted after LPS treatment. PVT1 knockdown or miR-17-5p elevation restored LPS-mediated HK-2 cell injury. MiR-17-5p was sponged by PVT1, and its inhibition weakened the impact of PVT1 deficiency on LPS-mediated injury of HK-2 cells. In addition, PVT1 knockdown inactivated NF-κB pathway mediated by LPS treatment, but miR-17-5p inhibition further reversed this effect. CONCLUSION PVT1 knockdown promoted cell viability, suppressed inflammatory response and apoptosis by regulating miR-17-5p expression and NF-κB pathway in LPS-stimulated HK-2 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wensheng Yuan
- Emergency Department, Jingzhou Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, No. 1 Renmin Road, Jingzhou, 433000, Hubei, China.
| | - Xiaoqing Xiong
- Emergency Department, Jingzhou Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, No. 1 Renmin Road, Jingzhou, 433000, Hubei, China
| | - Jinlong Du
- ICU Department, Jingzhou Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Qi Fan
- ICU Department, Jingzhou Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Rong Wang
- ICU Department, Jingzhou Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- ICU Department, Jingzhou Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xin T, Lu C, Zhang J, Wen J, Yan S, Li C, Zhang F, Zhang J. Oxidized LDL Disrupts Metabolism and Inhibits Macrophage Survival by Activating a miR-9/Drp1/Mitochondrial Fission Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8848930. [PMID: 33204400 PMCID: PMC7655251 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8848930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with macrophage damage, but the role of mitochondrial fission in macrophage cholesterol metabolism is not fully understood. In this study, we explored the influences of miR-9 and mitochondrial fission on macrophage viability and cholesterol metabolism. Macrophages were incubated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) in vitro, after which mitochondrial fission, cell viability, and cholesterol metabolism were examined using qPCR, ELISAs, and immunofluorescence. ox-LDL treatment significantly increased Drp1-associated mitochondrial fission. Transfection of Drp1 siRNA significantly reduced cell death, attenuated oxidative stress, and inhibited inflammatory responses in ox-LDL-treated macrophages. Interestingly, inhibition of Drp1-related mitochondrial fission also improved cholesterol metabolism by balancing the transcription of cholesterol influx/efflux enzymes. We also found that miR-9 was downregulated in ox-LDL-treated macrophages, and administration of a miR-9 mimic decreased Drp1 transcription and mitochondrial fission, as well as its effects. These results indicate that signaling via the novel miR-9/Drp1/mitochondrial fission axis is a key determinant of macrophage viability and cholesterol metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xin
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chengzhi Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiaxin Wen
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuangbin Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Heng J, Wu D, Lu S, Zhao Y. miR-106a Targets Anoctamin 1 (ANO1) to Regulate Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Induced Inflammatory Response in Macrophages. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e922479. [PMID: 33037174 PMCID: PMC7556292 DOI: 10.12659/msm.922479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sepsis is an organ dysfunction characterized by systemic inflammatory response. Micro(mi)ribonucleic acids take part in the regulation of the inflammatory response in many conditions. However, the role and mechanism of miR-106a and anoctamin 1 (ANO1) in the inflammatory response in sepsis remain largely unknown. Material/Methods The serum samples were collected from 31 sepsis patients and healthy volunteers. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW264.7 cells were used for the study in vitro. The inflammatory response was investigated via interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression abundances of miR-106a and ANO1 were detected via qRT-PCR or western blot. The target association between miR-106a and ANO1 was explored using dual-luciferase reporter analysis. Results The inflammatory response was trigged in sepsis and LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells. miR-106a expression was enhanced and ANO1 declined in sepsis and LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells. Overexpression of ANO1 suppressed the inflammatory response and knockdown of ANO1 promoted the inflammatory response in RAW264.7 cells. ANO1 was directly targeted via miR-106a, and miR-106a reversed ANO1-mediated inflammatory inhibition in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells. Conclusions MiR-106a regulated LPS-induced inflammatory response by targeting ANO1 in RAW264.7 cells, indicating the potential value of miR-106a for treatment of inflammatory diseases, including sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Heng
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Dingye Wu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Shiqi Lu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Yiming Zhao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jiang M, Zhang W, Zhang R, Liu P, Ye Y, Yu W, Guo X, Yu J. Cancer exosome-derived miR-9 and miR-181a promote the development of early-stage MDSCs via interfering with SOCS3 and PIAS3 respectively in breast cancer. Oncogene 2020; 39:4681-4694. [PMID: 32398867 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1322-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We previously identified that the development of early-stage myeloid-derived suppressor cells (eMDSCs) in breast cancer with high IL-6 (IL-6high) expression was correlated with the SOCS3 deficiency-dependent hyperactivation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. However, the regulatory mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. In this study, we aimed to investigate how the posttranscriptional regulation mediated by cancer exosome-derived miRNAs affected the JAK/STAT signaling pathway and the development of eMDSCs. Using miRNA microarray, we screened miR-9 and miR-181a which were exclusively upregulated in eMDSCs and inversely associated with SOCS3 expression. We found both miRNAs promoted the amplification of immature eMDSCs with the strong suppression on T-cell immunity in mice and humans. Furthermore, miR-9 and miR-181a promoted 4T1 tumor growth and immune escape via enhancing eMDSCs infiltration in situ. But miR-9 and miR-181a stimulated eMDSCs development by separately inhibiting SOCS3 and PIAS3, two crucial regulators in the negative feedback loop of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Elevated miR-9 and miR-181a in eMDSCs was derived from tumor-derived exosomes, and blocking the exosome release could fully attenuate the miRNA-mediated regulation on eMDSCs development. In summary, our findings indicated that tumor exosome-derived miR-9 and miR-181a activated the JAK/STAT signaling pathway via targeting SOCS3 and PIAS3, respectively, and thus promoted the expansion of eMDSCs which might provide potential therapeutic target for IL-6high breast cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Jiang
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Department of Oncology, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Pengpeng Liu
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingnan Ye
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenwen Yu
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaojing Guo
- Department of Breast Pathology and Lab, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinpu Yu
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China. .,Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China. .,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China.
| |
Collapse
|