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Yang YN, Zhan JG, Cao Y, Wu CM. From ancient wisdom to modern science: Gut microbiota sheds light on property theory of traditional Chinese medicine. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2024:S2095-4964(24)00337-6. [PMID: 38937158 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The property theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been practiced for thousands of years, playing a pivotal role in the clinical application of TCM. While advancements in energy metabolism, chemical composition analysis, machine learning, ion current modeling, and supercritical fluid technology have provided valuable insight into how aspects of TCM property theory may be measured, these studies only capture specific aspects of TCM property theory in isolation, overlooking the holistic perspective inherent in TCM. To systematically investigate the modern interpretation of the TCM property theory from multidimensional perspectives, we consulted the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 edition) to compile a list of Chinese materia medica (CMM). Then, using the Latin names of each CMM and gut microbiota as keywords, we searched the PubMed database for relevant research on gut microbiota and CMM. The regulatory patterns of different herbs on gut microbiota were then summarized from the perspectives of the four natures, the five flavors and the meridian tropism. In terms of the four natures, we found that warm-natured medicines promoted the colonization of specific beneficial bacteria, while cold-natured medicines boosted populations of some beneficial bacteria while suppressing pathogenic bacteria. Analysis of the five flavors revealed that sweet-flavored and bitter-flavored CMMs positively influenced beneficial bacteria while inhibiting harmful bacteria. CMMs with different meridian tropism exhibited complex modulative patterns on gut microbiota, with Jueyin (Liver) and Taiyin (Lung) meridian CMMs generally exerting a stronger effect. The gut microbiota may be a biological indicator for characterizing the TCM property theory, which not only enhances our understanding of classic TCM theory but also contributes to its scientific advancement and application in healthcare. Please cite this article as: Yang YN, Zhan JG, Cao Y, Wu CM. From ancient wisdom to modern science: Gut microbiota sheds light on property theory of traditional Chinese medicine. J Integr Med. 2024; Epub ahead of print.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jia-Guo Zhan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Ying Cao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Chong-Ming Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
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Deng Y, Wang Y, Liu Y, Yang X, Zhang H, Xue X, Wan Y. Akkermansia muciniphila isolated from forest musk deer ameliorates diarrhea in mice via modification of gut microbiota. Animal Model Exp Med 2024. [PMID: 38828754 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The forest musk deer, a rare fauna species found in China, is famous for its musk secretion which is used in selected Traditional Chinese medicines. However, over-hunting has led to musk deer becoming an endangered species, and their survival is also greatly challenged by various high incidence and high mortality respiratory and intestinal diseases such as septic pneumonia and enteritis. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that Akkermannia muciniphila (AKK) is a promising probiotic, and we wondered whether AKK could be used as a food additive in animal breeding programmes to help prevent intestinal diseases. METHODS We isolated one AKK strain from musk deer feces (AKK-D) using an improved enrichment medium combined with real-time PCR. After confirmation by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, a series of in vitro tests was conducted to evaluate the probiotic effects of AKK-D by assessing its reproductive capability, simulated gastrointestinal fluid tolerance, acid and bile salt resistance, self-aggregation ability, hydrophobicity, antibiotic sensitivity, hemolysis, harmful metabolite production, biofilm formation ability, and bacterial adhesion to gastrointestinal mucosa. RESULTS The AKK-D strain has a probiotic function similar to that of the standard strain in humans (AKK-H). An in vivo study found that AKK-D significantly ameliorated symptoms in the enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)-induced murine diarrhea model. AKK-D improved organ damage, inhibited inflammatory responses, and improved intestinal barrier permeability. Additionally, AKK-D promoted the reconstitution and maintenance of the homeostasis of gut microflora, as indicated by the fact that AKK-D-treated mice showed a decrease in Bacteroidetes and an increase in the proportion of other beneficial bacteria like Muribaculaceae, Muribaculum, and unclassified f_Lachnospiaceae compared with the diarrhea model mice. CONCLUSION Taken together, our data show that this novel AKK-D strain might be a potential probiotic for use in musk deer breeding, although further extensive systematic research is still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Deng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Shaanxi Institute of Microbiology, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Shaanxi Institute of Microbiology, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoli Yang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Testing Technology of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Shaanxi Institute for Food and Drug Control, Xi'an, China
| | - Hai Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaochang Xue
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Wan
- Shaanxi Institute of Microbiology, Xi'an, China
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Ma L, Bai Y, Liu J, Gong K, He Q, Zhao J, Suo Y, Wang W, Chen G, Lu Z. The therapeutic effects of traditional Chinese medicine on insulin resistance in obese mice by modulating intestinal functions. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30379. [PMID: 38765147 PMCID: PMC11101725 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Obesity, mainly caused by excessive accumulation of visceral fat, excessive fat metabolism will cause hormone secretion imbalance and inflammation and other diseases. is extremely detrimental to human health. Although many treatments are available for obesity, most treatments fail to exert a radical effect or are associated with several side effects. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for regulating the intestinal flora, lipid content and inflammation is considered effective. Based on previous studies, Artemisia capillaris, Astragalus propinquus, Phellodendron amurense, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Poria cocos, and Anemarrhena asphodeloides were selected to prepare an innovative herbal formula. Methods TCM was characterized by UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS. The anti-inflammatory and lipid-lowering effects of the TCM formula prepared were evaluated in a high-fat diet-fed obese mouse model. The effects of the TCM formula on the intestinal flora were also investigated. Results Weights and insulin resistance, as well as inflammation, decreased in the mice after treatment. At the same time, lipid metabolism increased after the mice were gavaged with the TCM formula for 2 weeks. The intestinal motility of the drug administration group was enhanced, with partial restoration of the intestinal flora. Conclusion In summary, our innovative Chinese herbal formula significantly reduced weight, reduced intestinal inflammation, improved intestinal motility, and improved lipid metabolism in obese mice. Furthermore, the innovative formula effectively prevented relevant obesity-induced metastatic diseases in the mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Ma
- Yinchuan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, 750001, Ningxia, China
| | - Yongquan Bai
- Department of Bio-pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Yinchuan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, 750001, Ningxia, China
| | - Kaimin Gong
- Yinchuan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, 750001, Ningxia, China
| | - Qirui He
- Yinchuan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, 750001, Ningxia, China
| | - Jintao Zhao
- Yinchuan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, 750001, Ningxia, China
| | - Yina Suo
- Yinchuan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, 750001, Ningxia, China
| | - Wenwen Wang
- Department of Bio-pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guo Chen
- Translational Medicine Center of Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, China
- Department of Bio-pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zifan Lu
- Translational Medicine Center of Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, China
- Department of Bio-pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Cui W, Chen F, Sun Z, Cui C, Xu B, Shen W, Wan F, Cheng A. Catabolism of phenolics from grape peel and its effects on gut microbiota during in vitro colonic fermentation. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024. [PMID: 38624038 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grape peels, the main by-products of wine processing, are rich in bioactive ingredients of phenolics, including proanthocyanidins, flavonoids and anthocyanins. Phenolics have the function of regulating intestinal microbiota and promoting intestinal health. From the perspective of the dietary nutrition of grape peel phenolics (GPP), the present study aimed to investigate the influence of GPP on the composition and metabolism of human gut microbiota during in vitro fermentation. RESULTS The results indicated that GPP could decrease pH and promote the production of short-chain fatty acids. ACE and Chao1 indices in GPP group were lower than that of the Blank group. GPP enhanced the levels of Lachnospiraceae UCG-004, Bacteroidetes and Roseburia, but reduced the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Proteins and Genome enrichment pathways related to phenolic acid metabolism mainly included flavonoid, anthocyanin, flavone and flavonol biosynthesis. Gut microbiota could accelerate the release and breakdown of phenolic compounds, resulting in a decrease in the content of hesperetin-7-O-glucoside, delphinidin-3-O-glucoside and cyanidin-3-rutinoside etc. In vitro antibacterial test found that GPP increased the diameters of the inhibition zones of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION The results of the present study revealed that GPP might be a potential prebiotic-like to prevent diseases by improving gut health. The findings could provide a theoretical basis for the potential to exploit GPP as dietary nutrition to maintain intestinal function. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Cui
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Fuchun Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhaoyue Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Caifang Cui
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Ben Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Weijun Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Fachun Wan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Anwei Cheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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Wang Y, Wang S, Wang TL, Chang LK, Zhou JH, Yang K, Guo LP. Structure of crude polysaccharides from Atractylodes lancea rhizome and treatment of diarrhea owing to spleen deficiency through intestinal flora. Biomed Chromatogr 2024; 38:e5818. [PMID: 38230827 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
To optimize the extraction process of crude polysaccharides from Atractylodes and elaborate the mechanism of Atractylodes polysaccharides in treating diarrhea owing to spleen deficiency, so as to lay a foundation for further development and utilization of Atractylodes lancea, we used an orthogonal test to optimize the extraction process and established a model of spleen deficiency. It was further combined with histopathology and intestinal flora to elaborate the mechanism of Atractylodes polysaccharides in the treatment of spleen-deficiency diarrhea. The optimized extraction conditions were as follows: the ratio of material to liquid was 1:25; the rotational speed was 150 rpm; the extraction temperature was 60°C; the extraction time was 2 h; and the extraction rate was about 23%. The therapeutic effect of Atractylodes polysaccharides on a spleen-deficiency diarrhea model in mice showed that the water content of stools and diarrhea grade in the treatment group were alleviated, and the levels of gastrin, motilin and d-xylose were improved. The analysis results based on gut microbiota showed that the model group had a higher diversity of gut microbiota than the normal group and treatment group, and the treatment group could correct the diversity of gut microbiota in model mice. Analysis based on the level of phylum and genus showed that the treatment group could inhibit the abundance of Helicobacter pylori genus and increase beneficial bacteria genera. The conclusion was that the optimized extraction process of Atractylodes polysaccharides was reasonable and feasible, and had a good therapeutic effect on spleen deficiency diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tie-Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Kun Chang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Hui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lan-Ping Guo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Huang S, Wang Y, Zhu Q, Guo H, Hong Z, Zhong S. Network Pharmacology and Intestinal Microbiota Analysis Revealing the Mechanism of Punicalagin Improving Bacterial Enteritis. Curr Comput Aided Drug Des 2024; 20:104-120. [PMID: 37246319 PMCID: PMC10641859 DOI: 10.2174/1573409919666230526165501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Chinese medicine punicalagin (Pun), the most important active ingredient in pomegranate peel, has significant bacteriostatic and anti-inflammatory properties. The potential mechanisms of Pun for bacterial enteritis, however, are unknown. OBJECTIVE The goal of our research is to investigate the mechanism of Pun in the treatment of bacterial enteritis using computer-aided drug technology, as well as to investigate the intervention effect of Pun on mice with bacterial enteritis using intestinal flora sequencing. METHODS The targets of Pun and Bacterial enteritis were obtained by using the specific database, and cross-targets were screened among these targets, followed by PPI and enrichment analysis of the targets. Furthermore, the degree of binding between Pun and key targets was predicted through molecular docking. After successfully establishing the bacterial enteritis model in vivo, mice were randomly assigned to groups. They were treated for 7 days, the symptoms were observed daily, and the daily DAI and body weight change rate were calculated. Following administration, the intestinal tissue was removed, and the contents were separated. The tight junction protein expression was detected in the small intestine by the immunohistochemical method; ELISA and Western Blot (WB) were performed to detect the expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin- 6 (IL-6) in the serum and intestinal wall of mice. The 16S rRNA sequence was used to determine the composition and diversity of the intestinal flora of mice. RESULTS In total, 130 intersection targets of Pun and disease were screened by network pharmacology. The enrichment analysis showed cross genes were closely related and enriched in the cancer regulation and the TNF signal pathway. The active components of Pun could specifically bind to the core targets TNF, IL-6, etc., determined from molecular docking results. In vivo experiment results showed that the symptoms in the PUN group mice were alleviated, and the expression levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly reduced. A Pun can cause substantial changes in the intestinal flora of mice in terms of structure and function. CONCLUSION Pun plays a multi-target role in alleviating bacterial enteritis by regulating intestinal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyun Huang
- Tissue and Embryo Department, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Tissue and Embryo Department, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Qingsong Zhu
- Computer and Information Department, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210024, China
| | - Hongmin Guo
- Tissue and Embryo Department, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Zongyuan Hong
- Tissue and Embryo Department, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Shuzhi Zhong
- Tissue and Embryo Department, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
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Cai Y, Shi H, Zheng Y, Zhou Y, Guo W, Liao J, Wang S. Long-Term Phellodendri Cortex Supplementation in the Tiger Grouper ( Epinephelus fuscoguttatus): Dual Effects on Intestinal Health Revealed by Transcriptome Analysis. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2336. [PMID: 38137937 PMCID: PMC10745030 DOI: 10.3390/life13122336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The tiger grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus), an important mariculture fish in Southeast Asia, faces increasing health issues in recent years. Phellodendri Cortex (PC) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine that exhibits a variety of beneficial effects on tiger groupers. The effects of PC, however, varies with the period of dietary intervention. This study aims to investigate the long-term effects of 1% PC supplementation on tiger groupers, focusing on growth, immunity, disease resistance, and intestinal gene expression. The tiger groupers (with an initial mean weight of 27.5 ± 0.5 g) were fed with a diet of Phellodendri Cortex supplementation and a control diet for 8 weeks. Our results indicate that the long-term PC supplementation did not affect growth or Vibrio disease resistance in tiger groupers. However, the transcriptome analysis revealed potential damage to the structural and functional integrity of the groupers' intestines. On the other hand, anti-inflammatory and cathepsin inhibition effects were also observed, offering potential benefits to fish enteritis prevention and therapy. Therefore, long-term PC supplementation in grouper culture should be applied with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cai
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Y.C.); (H.S.)
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Huizhong Shi
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Y.C.); (H.S.)
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Y.C.); (H.S.)
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yongcan Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Y.C.); (H.S.)
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Weiliang Guo
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Y.C.); (H.S.)
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jingqiu Liao
- Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Shifeng Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Y.C.); (H.S.)
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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Li J, Zhang Q, Chen Y, Lu C, Tong Y. Pharmacokinetics, Tissue Distribution and Excretion of Demethyleneberberine, a Metabolite of Berberine, in Rats and Mice. Molecules 2023; 28:7725. [PMID: 38067456 PMCID: PMC10708275 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Demethyleneberberine is an active component extracted from the Chinese herbal drug Cortex Phellodendri. It is also a metabolite of berberine in animals and humans. However, the pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and excretion of demethyleneberberine have not been reported. The present study aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetic parameters of demethyleneberberine by applying high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). After intragastric administration of demethyleneberberine in rats and mice, the pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and excretion of demethyleneberberine were comparatively studied for the first time. The plasma concentration of demethyleneberberine reached its peak within 5 min after intragastric administration in both rats and mice. Furthermore, its bioavailability was comparable, ranging from 4.47% to 5.94%, higher than that of berberine. The total excretion of demethyleneberberine in the urine, feces and bile was 7.28~9.77%. These findings provide valuable insights into the pharmacological and clinical research on demethyleneberberine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chengyu Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China; (J.L.); (Q.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yongbin Tong
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China; (J.L.); (Q.Z.); (Y.C.)
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Zhu TW, Li XL. Berberine interacts with gut microbiota and its potential therapy for polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2023; 50:835-843. [PMID: 37604463 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Berberine (BBR) is an isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from Chinese medicinal plants showing a tight correlation with gut microbiota. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent reproductive and endocrine disorder syndrome among women of childbearing age. Dysbiosis, the imbalance of intestinal microorganisms, is a potential factor that takes part in the pathogenesis of PCOS. Recent evidence indicates that berberine offers promise for treating PCOS. Here, we review the recent research on the interaction between berberine and intestinal microorganisms, including the changes in the structure of gut bacteria, the intestinal metabolites after BBR treatment, and the effect of gut microbiota on the bioavailability of BBR. We also discuss the therapeutic effect of BBR on PCOS in terms of gut microbiota and its potential mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Wei Zhu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Gynecological Diseases (22MC1940200), Shanghai Urogenital System Diseases Research Center (2022ZZ01012), Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Lian Li
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Gynecological Diseases (22MC1940200), Shanghai Urogenital System Diseases Research Center (2022ZZ01012), Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Zhang Y, Xing H, Bolotnikov G, Krämer M, Gotzmann N, Knippschild U, Kissmann AK, Rosenau F. Enriched Aptamer Libraries in Fluorescence-Based Assays for Rikenella microfusus-Specific Gut Microbiome Analyses. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2266. [PMID: 37764110 PMCID: PMC10535755 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rikenella microfusus is an essential intestinal probiotic with great potential. The latest research shows that imbalance in the intestinal flora are related to the occurrence of various diseases, such as intestinal diseases, immune diseases, and metabolic diseases. Rikenella may be a target or biomarker for some diseases, providing a new possibility for preventing and treating these diseases by monitoring and optimizing the abundance of Rikenella in the intestine. However, the current monitoring methods have disadvantages, such as long detection times, complicated operations, and high costs, which seriously limit the possibility of clinical application of microbiome-based treatment options. Therefore, the intention of this study was to evolve an enriched aptamer library to be used for specific labeling of R. microfusus, allowing rapid and low-cost detection methods and, ultimately the construction of aptamer-based biosensors. In this study, we used Rikenella as the target bacterium for an in vitro whole Cell-SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential Enrichment) to evolve and enrich specific DNA oligonucleotide aptamers. Five other prominent anaerobic gut bacteria were included in this process for counterselection and served as control cells. The aptamer library R.m-R13 was evolved with high specificity and strong affinity (Kd = 9.597 nM after 13 rounds of selection). With this enriched aptamer library, R. microfusus could efficiently be discriminated from the control bacteria in complex mixtures using different analysis techniques, including fluorescence microscopy or fluorometric suspension assays, and even in human stool samples. These preliminary results open new avenues toward the development of aptamer-based microbiome bio-sensing applications for fast and reliable monitoring of R. microfusus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Zhang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (Y.Z.); (H.X.); (G.B.); (M.K.); (N.G.); (A.-K.K.)
| | - Hu Xing
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (Y.Z.); (H.X.); (G.B.); (M.K.); (N.G.); (A.-K.K.)
| | - Grigory Bolotnikov
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (Y.Z.); (H.X.); (G.B.); (M.K.); (N.G.); (A.-K.K.)
| | - Markus Krämer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (Y.Z.); (H.X.); (G.B.); (M.K.); (N.G.); (A.-K.K.)
| | - Nina Gotzmann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (Y.Z.); (H.X.); (G.B.); (M.K.); (N.G.); (A.-K.K.)
| | - Uwe Knippschild
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany;
| | - Ann-Kathrin Kissmann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (Y.Z.); (H.X.); (G.B.); (M.K.); (N.G.); (A.-K.K.)
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research Mainz, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Frank Rosenau
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (Y.Z.); (H.X.); (G.B.); (M.K.); (N.G.); (A.-K.K.)
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Fan Y, Zhao Q, Wei Y, Wang H, Ga Y, Zhang Y, Hao Z. Pingwei San Ameliorates Spleen Deficiency-Induced Diarrhea through Intestinal Barrier Protection and Gut Microbiota Modulation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051122. [PMID: 37237988 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pingwei San (PWS) has been used for more than a thousand years as a traditional Chinese medicine prescription for treating spleen-deficiency diarrhea (SDD). Nevertheless, the exact mechanism by which it exerts its antidiarrheal effects remains unclear. The objective of this investigation was to explore the antidiarrheal efficacy of PWS and its mechanism of action in SDD induced by Rhubarb. To this end, UHPLC-MS/MS was used to identify the chemical composition of PWS, while the body weight, fecal moisture content, and colon pathological alterations were used to evaluate the effects of PWS on the Rhubarb-induced rat model of SDD. Additionally, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry were employed to assess the expression of inflammatory factors, aquaporins (AQPs), and tight junction markers in the colon tissues. Furthermore, 16S rRNA was utilized to determine the impact of PWS on the intestinal flora of SDD rats. The findings revealed that PWS increased body weight, reduced fecal water content, and decreased inflammatory cell infiltration in the colon. It also promoted the expression of AQPs and tight junction markers and prevented the loss of colonic cup cells in SDD rats. In addition, PWS significantly increased the abundance of Prevotellaceae, Eubacterium_ruminantium_group, and Tuzzerella, while decreasing the abundance of Ruminococcus and Frisingicoccus in the feces of SDD rats. The LEfSe analysis revealed that Prevotella, Eubacterium_ruminantium_group, and Pantoea were relatively enriched in the PWS group. Overall, the findings of this study indicate that PWS exerted a therapeutic effect on Rhubarb-induced SDD in rats by both protecting the intestinal barrier and modulating the imbalanced intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Fan
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultura University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Medicinal function of Food, National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qingyu Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultura University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Medicinal function of Food, National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wei
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultura University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Medicinal function of Food, National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huiru Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultura University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Medicinal function of Food, National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yu Ga
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultura University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Medicinal function of Food, National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yannan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultura University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Medicinal function of Food, National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhihui Hao
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultura University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Medicinal function of Food, National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100193, China
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Du Y, Tu Y, Zhou Z, Hong R, Yan J, Zhang GW. Effects of organic and inorganic copper on cecal microbiota and short-chain fatty acids in growing rabbits. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1179374. [PMID: 37275607 PMCID: PMC10235478 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1179374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Copper (Cu) is an essential trace element for the growth of rabbits. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different Cu sources on intestinal microorganisms and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in growing rabbits. Methods The experimental animals were randomly divided into four experimental groups, each group comprised eight replicates, with six rabbits (half male and half female) per replicate. And they were fed diets was composed by mixing the basal diet with 20 mg/kg Cu from one of the two inorganic Cu (cupric sulfate and dicopper chloride trihydroxide) or two organic Cu (cupric citrate and copper glycinate). Cecal contents of four rabbits were collected from four experimental groups for 16S rDNA gene amplification sequencing and gas chromatography analysis. Results Our results indicate that the organic Cu groups were less variable than the inorganic Cu groups. Compared with the inorganic Cu groups, the CuCit group had a significantly higher relative abundance of Rikenella Tissierella, Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group, Enterococcus, and Paeniclostridium, while the relative abundance of Novosphingobium and Ruminococcus were significantly lower (p < 0.05). The SCFAs level decreased in the organic Cu groups than in the inorganic Cu groups. Among the SCFAs, the butyric acid level significantly decreased in the CuCit group than in the CuSO4 and CuCl2 groups. The relative abundance of Rikenella and Turicibacter genera was significantly negatively correlated with the butyric acid level in the CuCit group compared with both inorganic Cu groups. These results revealed that the organic Cu (CuCit) group had an increased abundance of Rikenella, Enterococcus, Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group, and Turicibacter genera in the rabbit cecum. Discussion In summary, this study found that organic Cu and inorganic Cu sources had different effects on cecal microbiota composition and SCFAs in rabbits. The CuCit group had the unique higher relative abundance of genera Rikenella and Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group, which might be beneficial to the lower incidence of diarrhea in rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yun Tu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zeyang Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Hong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiayou Yan
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Gong-Wei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Luo C, Wang L, Yuan J. Supplemental enzymes and probiotics on the gut health of broilers fed with a newly harvested corn diet. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102740. [PMID: 37186967 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut health is important for digestion and absorption of nutrient for animals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of enzymes and probiotics alone or in combination on the gut health of broilers fed with newly harvested corn diets. A total of 624 Arbor Acres Plus male broiler chickens were randomly divided into 8 treatment groups (PC: normal corn diet, NC: newly harvested corn diet, DE: NC + glucoamylase, PT: NC + protease, XL: NC + xylanase, BCC: NC + Pediococcus acidilactici BCC-1, DE + PT: NC + glucoamylase + protease, XL+BCC: NC + xylanase + Pediococcus acidilactici BCC-1). Each group was divided into 6 replicates, with 13 birds each. On d 21, intestinal morphological, intestinal tight junction and aquaporins gene expression, cecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations, and microflora were measured. Compared with the newly harvested corn diets (NC), supplemental glucoamylase (DE) significantly increased the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae (P < 0.05) and decreased the relative abundance of Moraxellaceae (P < 0.05). Supplemental protease (PT) significantly increased the relative abundance of Barnesiella (P < 0.05), but the relative abundance of Campylobacter decreased by 44.4%. Supplemental xylanase (XL) significantly increased the jejunal mRNA expressions of MUC2, Claudin-1, and Occludin (P < 0.01), as well as the cecal digesta contents of acetic acid, butyric acid, and valeric acid (P < 0.01). Supplemental DE combined with PT increased the ileal mRNA expressions of aquaporins (AQP) 2, AQP5, and AQP7 (P < 0.01). Supplemental BCC significantly increased the jejunal villus height and crypt depth (P < 0.01), the jejunal mRNA expressions of MUC2, Claudin-1 and Occludin (P < 0.01), and the relative abundance of Bacteroides (P < 0.05). Supplemental xylanase in combination with BCC significantly increased jejunal villus height and crypt depth (P < 0.01), the ileal mRNA expressions of AQP2, AQP5 and AQP7 (P < 0.01), and the cecal digesta contents of acetic acid, butyric acid, and valeric acid (P < 0.01). This suggests that inclusions of supplemental protease (12,000 U/kg), glucoamylase (60,000 U/kg), or Pediococcus acidilactici BCC-1 (109 cfu/kg) individually or in combination with xylanase (4,800 U/kg) in the newly harvested corn diets can alleviate diarrhea in broilers, and be beneficial for the gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiwei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liqun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianmin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Yu F, Guo J, Ren HL, Lu S, He Z, Chang J, Hu X, Shi R, Jin Y, Li Y, Liu Z, Wang X, Hu P. Tyrosol inhibits NF-κB pathway in the treatment of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-induced diarrhea in mice. Microb Pathog 2023; 176:105944. [PMID: 36526033 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosol is one of the main polyphenol compounds in white wine and extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), which plays an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory role in vitro. In the present study, we investigated the possible anti-inflammatory mechanism of tyrosol in Escherichia coli (ETEC)-induced diarrhea in mice. ICR mice were randomly divided into control group, ETEC group, and ETEC + Tyrosol group with 10 mice in each group. In addition to the control group, a bacterial diarrhea model was induced in mice by continuous administration of 0.2 ml × 109 CFU/ml ETEC. After 7 days, the ETEC + Tyrosol group was given tyrosol (20 mg/kg) once a day by gavage, during which the body weight of mice and the degree of diarrhea were measured daily. On the 15th day, all animals in this experiment were sacrificed, colon tissue was collected, and colon length was recorded. Our results indicate that tyrosol significantly attenuated the extent of ETEC-induced diarrhea, including inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine, repair of the intestinal epithelial mechanical barrier, and significant inhibition of NF-κB activation. This finding is helpful for the development and further application of tyrosol in the treatment of diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Jian Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Hong Lin Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Shiying Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Zhaoqi He
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Jiang Chang
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Xueyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Ruoran Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Yuanyuan Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Yansong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Zengshan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Xiaoxu Wang
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130112, Jilin, China.
| | - Pan Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
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Rice Water-Fried Atractylodis Rhizoma Relieves Spleen Deficiency Diarrhea by Regulating the Intestinal Microbiome. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:1983616. [PMID: 36798685 PMCID: PMC9928513 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1983616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Spleen deficiency diarrhea (SDD) is a common Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) gastrointestinal condition, the causes of which include dysfunction of the intestinal barrier and microbiota. Rice water-fried Atractylodis Rhizoma (RAR) is a commonly used drug to treat this condition, but its mechanism remains unclear. This study explored the related mechanisms of ethanolic extract of rice water-fried Atractylodis Rhizoma (EAR) in the treatment of SDD by examining changes in the intestinal microbiota. Method Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups including the control, model, EAR low, and high-dose groups, 6 rats in each group. All rats, except the control group, were induced to develop SDD by a bitter-cold purgation method with rhubarb. The therapeutic effect of EAR on SDD was evaluated by pathological sections, inflammatory indicators (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-10), gastrointestinal-related indicators (GAS, DAO, D-lactate, VIP, and SIgA), and intestinal flora (bacteria and fungi) analysis. Results The results showed that the developed SDD rat model (model group) showed weight loss, decreased food intake, and increased fecal moisture content. Compared with those of the control group, the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, DAO, D-lactate, and VIP in the model group were significantly increased, but the levels of IL-10, GAS and SIgA were significantly decreased (p < 0.05). However, the indicators were significantly improved after EAR treatment, indicating that EAR maintained the balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and reduced gastric emptying, thereby protecting intestinal barrier function, alleviating intestinal mucosal injury, and relieving SDD by regulating the release of neurotransmitters. EAR was also shown to prevent infection by promoting the accumulation of noninflammatory immunoglobulin SIgA and improving intestinal mucosal immunity to inhibit the adhesion of bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens. Intestinal microbiome analysis showed that the intestinal bacteria and fungi of SDD model rats changed greatly compared with the control group, resulting in intestinal microecological imbalance. The reversal in the composition of the flora after EAR treatment was mainly characterized by a large enrichment of beneficial bacteria represented by Lactobacillus and a decrease in the abundance of potentially pathogenic fungi represented by Aspergillus. Thus, it was speculated that EAR primarily functions to alleviate SDD by increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria and reducing the abundance of potentially pathogenic fungi. Conclusion The strong therapeutic effect of EAR on SDD suggests that it is a promising treatment for this condition.
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Yuan Y, Liu S, Ding X, Li Y, Zhang X, Song H, Qi X, Zhang Z, Guo K, Sun T. Early intestinal microbiota changes in aged and adult mice with sepsis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1061444. [PMID: 36636721 PMCID: PMC9831679 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1061444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mortality rate associated with sepsis in elderly individuals is higher than that in younger individuals. The intestinal microbiota has been demonstrated to play an important role in the occurrence and development of sepsis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in the intestinal microbiota between aged and adult mice with sepsis. Methods Thirty male C57BL mice were randomly divided into two groups: 15 in the adult group (AD group) and 15 in the age group (Age group). All the mice underwent caecal ligation and puncture to induce sepsis. Mice faeces were collected, and analysed using 16S rRNA sequencing. The liver and colon tissues were collected. Results There were significant differences in intestinal microbiota composition between the two groups. Compared with adult sepsis mice, the diversity of intestinal microbiota in the aged group was significantly reduced and the structure of dominant intestinal microbiota was changed. In the Age group, the microbiota associated with inflammatory factors increased, and the microbiota associated with the production of SCFAs (Ruminiclostridium, Prevotellaceae_UCG-001, Rikenella, Parabacteroides, Oscillibacter, Odoribacter, Muribaculum, Lachnoclostridium, Intestinimonas, Faecalibaculum, Anaerotruncus, Alloprevotella and Absiella) decreased. The metabolic pathways related to the microbiota also changed. Moreover, the proportion of inflammatory factors in Age group was higher than that in AD group. Conclusion Our results showed that there were significant differences in the abundance and structure of microbiota between aged and adult sepsis mice, Aged sepsis mice have more severe intestinal microbiota destruction and liver tissue inflammation than adult sepsis mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Yuan
- General Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shaohua Liu
- General Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xianfei Ding
- General Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Li
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- General Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Heng Song
- General Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis, Zhengzhou, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xueyan Qi
- General Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zihao Zhang
- Sanquan College Of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Kaiyuan Guo
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tongwen Sun
- General Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis, Zhengzhou, China
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Yang Y, Lu W, Zhang X, Wu C. Gut fungi differentially response to the antipyretic (heat-clearing) and diaphoretic (exterior-releasing) traditional Chinese medicines in Coptis chinensis-conditioned gut microbiota. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1032919. [DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1032919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antipyretic (heat-clearing) and diaphoretic (exterior-releasing) drugs are two main groups of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) possessing anti-microbes and anti-inflammation effects, with the former mainly through clearing pyrogens while the latter through promoting diaphoresis. Although anti-microorganism is a common action of these two kinds of TCMs, their difference in antimicrobial spectrums and their interactions when combinedly used remain unclear. Herein, we prepared aqueous extracts from Coptis chinensis (HL) and other antipyretic or diaphoretic TCMs, orally administrated them to C57BL/6 mice at a clinical dose for fourteen days, and analyzed their impaction on both gut bacteria and fungi using full-length 16 S rRNA gene sequencing and internal transcribed spacer 1/2 (ITS1/2) gene sequencing, respectively. Oral administration of HL significantly changed the structure of gut bacteria but showed little influence on gut fungi. Co-treatment with antipyretic or diaphoretic TCMs alleviated the impact of HL on gut bacteria to a similar degree. However, combined with either heat-clearing or exterior-releasing TCMs significantly strengthened the influence of HL on gut fungi, with the latter superior to the former. The antipyretic TCMs enriched Penicillium spp. while diaphoretic TCMs promoted Fusarium spp. Further analysis revealed that the diaphoretic TCMs-enriched fungi Fusarium spp. were positively related to Akkermansia spp., a beneficial bacterium that interacts with Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and regulates thermogenesis, thus providing a potential linkage with their pro-diaphoresis effect. Together, our results reveal that gut fungi differentially respond to the impact of heat-clearing and exterior-releasing TCMs on Coptis chinensis-conditioned gut microbiota, which provides insights into their functional characteristics.
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Luo C, Wang L, Chen Y, Yuan J. Supplemental Enzyme and Probiotics on the Growth Performance and Nutrient Digestibility of Broilers Fed with a Newly Harvested Corn Diet. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12182381. [PMID: 36139241 PMCID: PMC9495001 DOI: 10.3390/ani12182381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A new grain phenomenon happens in newly harvested corn because of its high content of anti-nutritional factors (ANFs), which can cause low nutrient digestibility and diarrhea in animals. Enzymes and probiotics have been shown to relieve the negative effect of ANFs for animals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of enzymes and probiotics on the performance and nutrient digestibility of broilers, fed with newly harvested corn diets. A total of 624 Arbor Acres Plus male broiler chickens were randomly divided into eight treatment groups (A: normal corn diet, CT: newly harvested corn diet, DE: newly harvested corn diet + glucoamylase, PT: newly harvested corn diet + protease, XL: newly harvested corn diet + xylanase, BCC: newly harvested corn diet + Pediococcus acidilactici BCC-1, DE + PT: newly harvested corn diet + glucoamylase + protease, XL + BCC: newly harvested corn diet + xylanase + Pediococcus acidilactici BCC-1). Each group was divided into six replicates, with 13 birds each. On day 21, growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and digestive enzyme activity were measured. Compared with the normal corn diet (PC), the newly harvested corn diet (NC) produced shorter digesta emptying time (p = 0.015) and increased visual fecal water content (p = 0.002) of broilers, however, there was no effect on performance. Compared to the newly harvested corn diet (NC), supplemental enzyme of DE increased the activity of chymotrypsin (p = 0.016), however, no differences in the digestibility of three kinds of organic matter, digesta emptying time, visual fecal water content, or performance were found. Supplemental protease (PT) significantly increased digesta emptying time (p = 0.004) and decreased the activity of maltase (p = 0.007). However, it had no effect on the digestibility of three kinds of organic matter or the performance of broilers. Supplemental xylanase (XL) decreased the activity of amylase (p = 0.006) and maltase (p < 0.001); however, it had no effect on digesta emptying time, visual fecal water content, the digestibility of three kinds of organic matter, or performance of broilers. Supplemental DE, combined with PT (DE + PT), increased the digesta emptying time (p = 0.016) while decreasing the visual fecal water content (p = 0.011), and the activity of amylase (p = 0.011), lipase (p = 0.021), and maltase (p < 0.001), however, there was no effect on performance. Supplemental BCC individually decreased the activity of amylase (p = 0.024) and maltase (p < 0.001), however, it increased the activity of trypsin (p < 0.001) and tended to improve feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p = 0.081). Supplemental BCC-1, combined with XL (XL + BCC), increased the activity of trypsin (p = 0.001) but decreased the activity of amylase (p = 0.013), lipase (p = 0.019), and maltase (p < 0.001). Pediococcus acidilactici BCC-1 (109 cfu/kg), protease (800,000 U/g) individually, or protease (800,000 U/g) in combination with glucoamylase (800,000 U/g) were supplemented in newly harvested corn diets for growing broilers. Hence, this study mainly explores the alleviation effect of enzyme and probiotics on the negative phenomenon caused by the utilization of newly harvested corn in broilers and provides a better solution for the utilization of newly harvested corn in production practice.
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Effects of Lacidophilin Tablets, Yogurt, and Bifid Triple Viable Capsules on the Gut Microbiota of Mice with Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DES MALADIES INFECTIEUSES ET DE LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE 2022; 2022:6521793. [PMID: 35360462 PMCID: PMC8964159 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6521793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) is a common morbidity caused by antibiotic use and is characterized by the dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. Several clinical trials have shown that probiotics can prevent AAD. This study aimed at investigating the effects of Lacidophilin tablets (LB), yogurt (YG), and bifid triple viable capsules (BT) on the gut microbiota of mice with AAD. Mice with diarrhea were randomly allocated to treatment groups or the control group and were treated with either LB, YG, BT, or vehicle control. The body weight, diarrhea scores, cecum index, and cecal length were determined. Fecal samples of all mice were analyzed using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that LB, YG, and BT significantly decreased the diarrhea scores and inhibited increases in the cecum index and cecal length induced by AAD. In addition, they significantly changed the composition and richness of the gut microbiota. Specifically, they increased the abundance of the phylum Firmicutes and decreased the abundance of the phyla Bacteroidetes and the family Bacteroidaceae. Treatment with LB and YG also decreased the abundance of the phylum Proteobacteria and only LB could mediate the reduced levels of Lactobacillaceae in AAD mice. At the genus level, YG and BT treatment decreased the abundance of Bacteroides or Parasutterella. To our surprise, only LB treatment dramatically increased the abundance of Lactobacillus and decreased that of potential pathogens, such as Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, and Parasutterella, to almost normal values. Our findings indicate that LB, YG, and BT ameliorated diarrhea by regulating the composition and structure of the gut microbiota and that LB plays an important role in regulating the gut microbiota.
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20
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Yan Z, Zhang K, Zhang K, Wang G, Wang L, Zhang J, Qiu Z, Guo Z, Song X, Li J. Integrated 16S rDNA Gene Sequencing and Untargeted Metabolomics Analyses to Investigate the Gut Microbial Composition and Plasma Metabolic Phenotype in Calves With Dampness-Heat Diarrhea. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:703051. [PMID: 35242833 PMCID: PMC8885629 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.703051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dampness-heat diarrhea (DHD), a common syndrome in Chinese dairy farms, is mainly resulted from digestive system disorders, and accompanied with metabolic disorders in some cases. However, the underlying mechanisms in the intestinal microbiome and plasma metabolome in calves with DHD remain unclear. In order to investigate the pathogenesis of DHD in calves, multi-omics techniques including the 16S rDNA gene sequencing and metabolomics were used to analyze gut microbial compositions and plasma metabolic changes in calves. The results indicated that DHD had a significant effect on the intestinal microbial compositions in calves, which was confirmed by changes in microbial population and distribution. A total of 14 genera were changed, including Escherichia-Shigella, Bacteroides, and Fournierella, in calves with DHD (P < 0.05). Functional analysis based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) annotations indicated that 11 metabolic functions (level 2) were significantly enriched in DHD cases. The untargeted metabolomics analysis showed that 440 metabolites including bilineurin, phosphatidylcholine, and glutamate were significantly different between two groups (VIP > 1 and P < 0.05), and they were related to 67 signal pathways. Eight signal pathways including alpha-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, and glycerophospholipid metabolism were significantly enriched (P < 0.05), which may be potential biomarkers of plasma in calves with DHD. Further, 107 pairs of intestinal microbiota-plasma metabolite correlations were determined, e.g., Escherichia-Shigella was significantly associated with changes of sulfamethazine, butyrylcarnitine, and 14 other metabolites, which reflected that metabolic activity was influenced by the microbiome. These microbiota-metabolite pairs might have a relationship with DHD in calves. In conclusion, the findings revealed that DHD had effect on intestinal microbial compositions and plasma metabolome in calves, and the altered metabolic pathways and microorganisms might serve as diagnostic markers and potential therapeutic targets for DHD in calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunxiang Yan
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, China
| | - Kang Zhang
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, China
| | - Guibo Wang
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, China
| | - Jingyan Zhang
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhengying Qiu
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhiting Guo
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Xiaoping Song
| | - Jianxi Li
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jianxi Li
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21
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Li L, Sun X, Zhao D, Dai H. Pharmacological Applications and Action Mechanisms of Phytochemicals as Alternatives to Antibiotics in Pig Production. Front Immunol 2021; 12:798553. [PMID: 34956234 PMCID: PMC8695855 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.798553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are widely used for infectious diseases and feed additives for animal health and growth. Antibiotic resistant caused by overuse of antibiotics poses a global health threat. It is urgent to choose safe and environment-friendly alternatives to antibiotics to promote the ecological sustainable development of the pig industry. Phytochemicals are characterized by little residue, no resistance, and minimal side effects and have been reported to improve animal health and growth performance in pigs, which may become a promising additive in pig production. This paper summarizes the biological functions of recent studies of phytochemicals on growth performance, metabolism, antioxidative capacity, gut microbiota, intestinal mucosa barrier, antiviral, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, detoxification of mycotoxins, as well as their action mechanisms in pig production. The review may provide the theoretical basis for the application of phytochemicals functioning as alternative antibiotic additives in the pig industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lexing Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueyan Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dai Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hanchuan Dai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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22
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Xu Y, Zhu BW, Li X, Li YF, Ye XM, Hu JN. Glycogen-based pH and redox sensitive nanoparticles with ginsenoside Rh 2 for effective treatment of ulcerative colitis. Biomaterials 2021; 280:121077. [PMID: 34890974 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to construct a pH and redox sensitive nanoparticle to effectively deliver ginsenoside Rh2 for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). Herein, glycogen was modified by urocanic acid and α-lipoic acid (α-LA) to obtain an amphiphilic polymer (LA-UaGly). Such polymer LA-UaGly could self-assemble to form nanoparticles (Blank NPs) in water with excellent stability, which could also successfully encapsulated ginsenoside Rh2 to form Rh2 nanoparticles (Rh2 NPs) with encapsulation efficiency of 74.36 ± 0.34%. DLS analysis indicated Rh2 NPs were spherical with a particle size of 128.9 ± 0.3 nm. As expected, Rh2 NPs exhibited typical pH and redox dual response release behaviour as well as the excellent in vivo safety. In vitro tests showed that Rh2 NPs could effectively internalize and release Rh2 into RAW264.7 cells, and protect cells from apoptosis (p < 0.05). More interestingly, Rh2 NPs exhibited strong anti-inflammatory activity via significantly inhibiting the overproduction of nitric oxide (NO) and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) (p < 0.05). In vivo experiments suggested that Rh2 NPs significantly ameliorated the weight loss, colon length, disease activity index (DAI) score, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in mice caused by dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS) (p < 0.05). Simultaneously, pathological analysis proved that Rh2 NPs could significantly reduce histological damage and inflammatory infiltration in mice. Rh2 NPs could also effectively regulate the intestinal flora of mice by improving the species uniformity and abundance of the intestinal flora of mice and restoring the species diversity of the intestinal flora. In addition, both in vivo and in vitro experiments proved that Rh2 NPs had stronger anti-inflammatory activity than Rh2. This study provides a promising strategy for the effective treatment of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xu
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, PR China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, PR China
| | - Bei-Wei Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, PR China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, PR China
| | - Yan-Fei Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, PR China
| | - Xi-Mei Ye
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, PR China
| | - Jiang-Ning Hu
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, PR China.
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23
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Gresse R, Chaucheyras-Durand F, Garrido JJ, Denis S, Jiménez-Marín A, Beaumont M, Van de Wiele T, Forano E, Blanquet-Diot S. Pathogen Challenge and Dietary Shift Alter Microbiota Composition and Activity in a Mucin-Associated in vitro Model of the Piglet Colon (MPigut-IVM) Simulating Weaning Transition. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:703421. [PMID: 34349744 PMCID: PMC8328230 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.703421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is the principal pathogen responsible for post-weaning diarrhea in newly weaned piglets. Expansion of ETEC at weaning is thought to be the consequence of various stress factors such as transient anorexia, dietary change or increase in intestinal inflammation and permeability, but the exact mechanisms remain to be elucidated. As the use of animal experiments raise more and more ethical concerns, we used a recently developed in vitro model of piglet colonic microbiome and mucobiome, the MPigut-IVM, to evaluate the effects of a simulated weaning transition and pathogen challenge at weaning. Our data suggested that the tested factors impacted the composition and functionality of the MPigut-IVM microbiota. The simulation of weaning transition led to an increase in relative abundance of the Prevotellaceae family which was further promoted by the presence of the ETEC strain. In contrast, several beneficial families such as Bacteroidiaceae or Ruminococcaceae and gut health related short chain fatty acids like butyrate or acetate were reduced upon simulated weaning. Moreover, the incubation of MPigut-IVM filtrated effluents with porcine intestinal cell cultures showed that ETEC challenge in the in vitro model led to an increased expression of pro-inflammatory genes by the porcine cells. This study provides insights about the etiology of a dysbiotic microbiota in post-weaning piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaële Gresse
- INRAE, UMR 454 MEDIS, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Lallemand SAS, Blagnac, France
| | | | - Juan J Garrido
- Grupo de Genómica y Mejora Animal, Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Sylvain Denis
- INRAE, UMR 454 MEDIS, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Angeles Jiménez-Marín
- Grupo de Genómica y Mejora Animal, Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Martin Beaumont
- GenPhySE, INRAE, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evelyne Forano
- INRAE, UMR 454 MEDIS, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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24
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Yu B, Liu J, Cheng J, Zhang L, Song C, Tian X, Fan Y, Lv Y, Zhang X. A Static Magnetic Field Improves Iron Metabolism and Prevents High-Fat-Diet/Streptozocin-Induced Diabetes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 2:100077. [PMID: 34557734 PMCID: PMC8454665 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2021.100077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disorder with high prevalence and severe complications that has recently been indicated to be treatable by a combined static magnetic field (SMF) and electric field. We systematically compared four types of SMFs and found that a downward SMF of ∼100 mT could effectively reduce the development of hyperglycemia, fatty liver, weight gain, and tissue injury in high-fat-diet (HFD)/streptozocin-induced T2D mice, but not the upward SMF. The downward SMF markedly restored the Bacteroidetes population and reversed the iron complex outer membrane receptor gene reduction in the mice gut microbiota, and reduced iron deposition in the pancreas. SMF also reduced the labile iron and reactive oxygen species level in pancreatic Min6 cells in vitro and prevented palmitate-induced Min6 cell number reduction. Therefore, this simple SMF setting could partially prevent HFD-induced T2D development and ameliorate related symptoms, which could provide a low-cost and non-invasive physical method to prevent and/or treat T2D in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Yu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China.,Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230036, P.R. China
| | - Juanjuan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Jing Cheng
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Chao Song
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China.,Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230036, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofei Tian
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China.,Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Yixiang Fan
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China.,Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230036, P.R. China
| | - Yue Lv
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China.,Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230036, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China.,Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230036, P.R. China.,Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
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25
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Ji F, Zhang D, Shao Y, Yu X, Liu X, Shan D, Wang Z. Changes in the diversity and composition of gut microbiota in pigeon squabs infected with Trichomonas gallinae. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19978. [PMID: 33203893 PMCID: PMC7673032 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76821-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigeons, as the only altricial birds in poultry, are the primary Trichomonas gallinae (T. gallinae) host. To study the effects of T. gallinae infection on gut microbiota, we compared the microbiota diversity and composition in gastrointestinal (GI) tracts of pigeons at the age of 14 and 21 day with different degrees of T. gallinae infection. Thirty-six nestling pigeons were divided into three groups: the healthy group, low-grade and high-grade trichomonosis group. Then, the crop, small intestine and rectum contents were obtained for sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene V3–V4 hypervariable region. The results showed that the microbiota diversity was higher in crop than in small intestine and rectum, and the abundance of Lactobacillus genus was dominant in small intestine and rectum of healthy pigeons at 21 days. T. gallinae infection decreased the microbiota richness in crop at 14 days. The abundance of the Firmicutes phylum and Lactobacillus genus in small intestine of birds at 21 days were decreased by infection, however the abundances of Proteobacteria phylum and Enterococcus, Atopobium, Roseburia, Aeriscardovia and Peptostreptococcus genus increased. The above results indicated that crop had the highest microbiota diversity among GI tract of pigeons, and the gut microbiota diversity and composition of pigeon squabs were altered by T. gallinae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Ji
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongyan Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxin Shao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohan Yu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyong Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dacong Shan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Zheng Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China.
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26
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Takemori H, Hamamoto A, Isogawa K, Ito M, Takagi M, Morino H, Miura T, Oshida K, Shibata T. Mouse model of metformin-induced diarrhea. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:8/1/e000898. [PMID: 32213489 PMCID: PMC7170402 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-000898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Metformin, an oral medication used for type 2 diabetes mellitus, is the most commonly prescribed drug with less economic burden of patients. Although metformin's efficacy and safety have long been recognized, approximately 5% of the patients treated with this drug develop severe diarrhea as an adverse effect and have to abandon treatment. Because there is no animal model to study metformin-induced diarrhea, it is hard to develop methods to maintain quality of life of patients prescribed with metformin. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Using mouse models, we tried to develop an evaluation system for metformin-induced diarrhea to improve diarrheal symptoms in patients with diabetes. Healthy (C57BL/6J) and diabetic obese (db/db) mice were subjected to a stepwise dose escalation of metformin (250 mg/kg/day (125 mg/kg twice daily oral dose)-1000 mg/kg/day (500 mg/kg twice daily oral dose)), and fecal moisture contents and their score were monitored. To evaluate anti-diarrheal medications, wood creosote (a traditional medicine) was tested. Several groups of enterobacteria in fresh feces were examined by using PCR. RESULTS 1000 mg/kg/day (four times maximal effective dose) of metformin significantly increased fecal moisture content. Although no symptoms of diarrhea were observed in healthy C57BL/6J mice, the same dose of metformin induced severe diarrhea in diabetic obese db/db mice. A reduction in PCR signals for the Firmicutes group was associated with metformin-induced diarrhea. Wood creosote reduced diarrhea (high water-content) without affecting metformin's efficacy or enterobacterial flora levels. CONCLUSIONS We have created the first animal model of metformin-induced diarrhea using db/db mice, which will provide better quality of life for patients suffering from diarrhea caused by metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Takemori
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Akie Hamamoto
- Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kenta Isogawa
- Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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