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Kozlowski P. Thirty Years with ERH: An mRNA Splicing and Mitosis Factor Only or Rather a Novel Genome Integrity Protector? Cells 2023; 12:2449. [PMID: 37887293 PMCID: PMC10605862 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
ERH is a 100 to about 110 aa nuclear protein with unique primary and three-dimensional structures that are very conserved from simple eukaryotes to humans, albeit some species have lost its gene, with most higher fungi being a noteworthy example. Initially, studies on Drosophila melanogaster implied its function in pyrimidine metabolism. Subsequently, research on Xenopus laevis suggested that it acts as a transcriptional repressor. Finally, studies in humans pointed to a role in pre-mRNA splicing and in mitosis but further research, also in Caenorhabditis elegans and Schizosaccharomyces pombe, demonstrated its much broader activity, namely involvement in the biogenesis of mRNA, and miRNA, piRNA and some other ncRNAs, and in repressive heterochromatin formation. ERH interacts with numerous, mostly taxon-specific proteins, like Mmi1 and Mei2 in S. pombe, PID-3/PICS-1, TOST-1 and PID-1 in C. elegans, and DGCR8, CIZ1, PDIP46/SKAR and SAFB1/2 in humans. There are, however, some common themes in this wide range of processes and partners, such as: (a) ERH homodimerizes to form a scaffold for several complexes involved in the metabolism of nucleic acids, (b) all these RNAs are RNA polymerase II transcripts, (c) pre-mRNAs, whose splicing depends on ERH, are enriched in transcripts of DNA damage response and DNA metabolism genes, and (d) heterochromatin is formed to silence unwanted transcription, e.g., from repetitive elements. Thus, it seems that ERH has been adopted for various pathways that serve to maintain genome integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kozlowski
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
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Bader JM, Deigendesch N, Misch M, Mann M, Koch A, Meissner F. Proteomics separates adult-type diffuse high-grade gliomas in metabolic subgroups independent of 1p/19q codeletion and across IDH mutational status. Cell Rep Med 2022; 4:100877. [PMID: 36584682 PMCID: PMC9873829 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
High-grade adult-type diffuse gliomas are malignant neuroepithelial tumors with poor survival rates in combined chemoradiotherapy. The current WHO classification is based on IDH1/2 mutational and 1p/19q codeletion status. Glioma proteome alterations remain undercharacterized despite their promise for a better molecular patient stratification and therapeutic target identification. Here, we use mass spectrometry to characterize 42 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples from IDH-wild-type (IDHwt) gliomas, IDH-mutant (IDHmut) gliomas with and without 1p/19q codeletion, and non-neoplastic controls. Based on more than 5,500 quantified proteins and 5,000 phosphosites, gliomas separate by IDH1/2 mutational status but not by 1p/19q status. Instead, IDHmut gliomas split into two proteomic subtypes with widespread perturbations, including aerobic/anaerobic energy metabolism. Validations with three independent glioma proteome datasets confirm these subgroups and link the IDHmut subtypes to the established proneural and classic/mesenchymal subtypes in IDHwt glioma. This demonstrates common phenotypic subtypes across the IDH status with potential therapeutic implications for patients with IDHmut gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Maximilian Bader
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Deigendesch
- Pathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Misch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Mann
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arend Koch
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Felix Meissner
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; Department of Systems Immunology and Proteomics, Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
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Development of a prognostic model for children with neuroblastoma based on necroptosis-related genes. Front Genet 2022; 13:947000. [PMID: 35991559 PMCID: PMC9389598 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.947000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Neuroblastoma (NBL) is a rare malignant tumor of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system in children with a low overall survival rate. Recent studies have revealed the important role of necroptosis in the occurrence and development of many kinds of tumors. In this study, a prognostic model based on necroptosis-related genes was constructed for NBL. Methods: Expression profiles and clinical information for patients with NBL were downloaded from TARGET. Data for necroptosis-related genes were extracted for Cox regression and lasso regression analyses to evaluate factors associated with prognosis and to construct a prognostic model. Data from the GEO datasets GSE62564 and GSE85047 were used for external verification. Associations between risk scores were calculated, and immune infiltration, drug sensitivity, and mutation analyses were conducted. Functional enrichment analyses of genes in the prognostic model were performed. Results: Six necroptosis-related genes (i.e., CYLD, JAK1, APC, ERH, CNBP, and BAX) were selected to construct a prognostic risk model. The risk score was highly correlated with levels of infiltration of multiple immune cells and sensitivity to common antineoplastic drugs. In addition, the risk score was identified as an independent prognostic factor for patients with NBL. Conclusion: We constructed and validated a prognostic model based on necroptosis-related genes, providing insights into the development and progression of NBL and a basis for improved management. In addition to providing a tool for clinical decision-making, these findings support the importance of necroptosis in NBL and may guide the development of therapeutic strategies targeting this process.
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Pang K, Dong Y, Hao L, Shi ZD, Zhang ZG, Chen B, Feng H, Ma YY, Xu H, Pan D, Chen ZS, Han CH. ERH Interacts With EIF2α and Regulates the EIF2α/ATF4/CHOP Pathway in Bladder Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2022; 12:871687. [PMID: 35774124 PMCID: PMC9239699 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.871687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is a lack of research on the molecular interaction of the enhancers of rudimentary homolog (ERH) in bladder cancer (BC) cells. This study aimed to determine the interacting proteins of ERH in human T24 cells. Methods First, the ERH gene was overexpressed in human T24 cells. Coimmunoprecipitation (co-IP) and shotgun mass spectrometry (MS) analyses were performed to obtain a list of proteins that interact with ERH. Subsequently, bioinformatic analyses with Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and protein–protein interaction (PPI) studies were performed to analyze the ERH-interactive protein list (ERH-IPL). Then, we selected one of the interacting proteins, EIF2α for verification. An immunofluorescence colocalization assay was performed to validate the co-expression of the selected protein, and the binding sites of the two proteins were predicted by ZDOCK technology. Finally, PCR analysis on the downstream molecules of the interacting protein was performed for verification. Results ERH protein was successfully overexpressed in human T24 cells. We obtained a list of 205 proteins that might directly or indirectly interact with the ERH protein by mass spectrometric analysis. The bioinformatic analysis showed that ERH-interacting proteins were related to “ribonucleoprotein complex”, “ATPase activity”, “nuclear speck”, and “translation factor activity, RNA binding”. We further identified one of the key genes, EIF2S1, and confirmed that the corresponding protein EIF2α is co-expressed and may bind with ERH in human T24 cells. The mRNA levels of molecules ATF4 and CHOP were found to be upregulated by ERH. Conclusion ERH protein affects “ribonucleoprotein complex”, “ATPase activity”, “nuclear speck”, and “translation factor activity, RNA binding”. The ERH protein can interact with EIF2α and regulate the EIF2α-ATF4/CHOP signaling pathway in human T24 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Pang
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical College, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Dong
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical College, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Hao
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical College, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen-duo Shi
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical College, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhi-guo Zhang
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical College, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical College, Jiangsu, China
| | - Harry Feng
- STEM Academic Department, Wyoming Seminary, Kinston, PA, United States
| | - Yu-yang Ma
- Graduate School, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Graduate School, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Deng Pan
- Graduate School, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Zhe-sheng Chen
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Cong-hui Han, ; Zhe-sheng Chen,
| | - Cong-hui Han
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical College, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Cong-hui Han, ; Zhe-sheng Chen,
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Zhang Y, Chen W, Cheng X, Wang F, Gao C, Song F, Song F, Liang X, Fang W, Chen Z. Sphingomyelin Phodiesterase Acid-Like 3A Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Growth Through the Enhancer of Rudimentary Homolog. Front Oncol 2022; 12:852765. [PMID: 35686107 PMCID: PMC9171240 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.852765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide, with unclear pathogenesis. Sphingomyelin phodiesterase acid-like 3A (SMPDL3A) affects cell differentiation and participates in immune regulation. However, its molecular biological function in HCC has not yet been elucidated. Methods Data from 180 HCC patients were analyzed the relationship between the expression of SMPDL3A in liver cancer tissues and the prognosis of liver cancer patients. Crispr-Cas9 dual vector lentivirus was used to knock out SMPDL3A in HCC cell lines. The effects of SMPDL3A on cell viability were determined by CCK8 assay, clone formation experiment, cell cycle assay, cell scratch, TUNEL experiment and flow cytometry. Xenograft tumor assays in BALB/c nude mice confirmed that SMPDL3A promoted tumor growth and in vivo. Preliminary exploration of SMPDL3A interacting protein by mass spectrometry analysis and co-immunoprecipitation. Results This study showed that the expression of SMPDL3A in HCC tissue differed from that in tumor-adjacent tissues. Moreover, the overall survival rate and tumor-free survival rate of patients with high-SMPDL3A expression were significantly lower than those with low-SMPDL3A expression. SMPDL3A expression was closely related to the level of protein induced by PIVKA-II, liver cirrhosis, tumor diameter, microvascular invasion, and Barcelona clinic liver cancer staging. Thus, SMPDL3A is an independent risk factor that affects the tumor-free survival rate and overall survival rate of HCC patients. In vitro study using Crispr-Cas9 genome editing technology revealed the knockout effect of SMPDL3A on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration. Cell counting kit-8 assay and clone formation experiment showed that sgSMPDL3A inhibited tumor cell proliferation and migration. Flow cytometry and TUNEL assay showed that sgSMPDL3A promoted apoptosis in tumors. Moreover, sgSMPDL3A inhibited tumor growth during subcutaneous tumor formation in nude mice. Immunohistochemistry of Ki67 and PNCA also indicated that sgSMPDL3A inhibited subcutaneous tumor proliferation in tumor-bearing nude mice. Further experiments showed that SMPDL3A interacts with the enhancer of rudimentary homolog (ERH). Conclusions High-SMPDL3A expression was related to poor prognosis of patients with HCC. Knockout of SMPDL3A inhibited the proliferation and migration and accelerated the migration of HCC cells. SMPDL3A interacted with ERH to affect the tumorigenesis and progression of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Weipeng Chen
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Department of General Surgery, Binhai County People's Hospital, Yancheng, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Department of General Surgery, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Feiran Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Cheng Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Fei Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Fengliang Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaoliang Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wanzhi Fang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Pang K, Li ML, Hao L, Shi ZD, Feng H, Chen B, Ma YY, Xu H, Pan D, Chen ZS, Han CH. ERH Gene and Its Role in Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2022; 12:900496. [PMID: 35677162 PMCID: PMC9169799 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.900496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major public health problem worldwide. Studies on oncogenes and tumor-targeted therapies have become an important part of cancer treatment development. In this review, we summarize and systematically introduce the gene enhancer of rudimentary homolog (ERH), which encodes a highly conserved small molecule protein. ERH mainly exists as a protein partner in human cells. It is involved in pyrimidine metabolism and protein complexes, acts as a transcriptional repressor, and participates in cell cycle regulation. Moreover, it is involved in DNA damage repair, mRNA splicing, the process of microRNA hairpins as well as erythroid differentiation. There are many related studies on the role of ERH in cancer cells; however, there are none on tumor-targeted therapeutic drugs or related therapies based on the expression of ERH. This study will provide possible directions for oncologists to further their research studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Pang
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Mei-Li Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou First People's Hospital, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Institute of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lin Hao
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Duo Shi
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Harry Feng
- STEM Academic Department, Wyoming Seminary, Kingston, PA, United States
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yu-Yang Ma
- Graduate School, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Graduate School, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Deng Pan
- Graduate School, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Cong-Hui Han
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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Changes in the Proteome in the Development of Chronic Human Papillomavirus Infection-A Prospective Study in HIV Positive and HIV Negative Rwandan Women. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235983. [PMID: 34885095 PMCID: PMC8656715 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effects on the proteome when a high risk (HR)-HPV infection occurs, when it is cleared and when it becomes chronic were investigated. Moreover, biomarker panels that could identify cervical risk lesions were assessed. METHODS Cytology, HPV screening and proteomics were performed on cervical samples from Rwandan HIV+ and HIV- women at baseline, at 9 months, at 18 months and at 24 months. Biological pathways were identified using the String database. RESULTS The most significantly affected pathway when an incident HR-HPV infection occurred was neutrophil degranulation, and vesicle-mediated transport was the most significantly affected pathway when an HR-HPV infection was cleared; protein insertion into membrane in chronic HR-HPV lesions and in lesions where HR-HPVs were cleared were compared; and cellular catabolic process in high-grade lesions was compared to that in negative lesions. A four-biomarker panel (EIF1; BLOC1S5; LIMCH1; SGTA) was identified, which was able to distinguish chronic HR-HPV lesions from cleared HR-HPV/negative lesions (sensitivity 100% and specificity 91%). Another four-biomarker panel (ERH; IGKV2-30; TMEM97; DNAJA4) was identified, which was able to distinguish high-grade lesions from low-grade/negative lesions (sensitivity 100% and specificity 81%). CONCLUSIONS We have identified the biological pathways triggered in HR-HPV infection, when HR-HPV becomes chronic and when cervical risk lesions develop. Moreover, we have identified potential biomarkers that may help to identify women with cervical risk lesions.
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Park JH, Park M, Park SY, Lee YJ, Hong SC, Jung EJ, Ju YT, Jeong CY, Kim JY, Ko GH, Hah YS, Jeong SH. ERH overexpression is associated with decreased cell migration and invasion and a good prognosis in gastric cancer. Transl Cancer Res 2020; 9:5281-5291. [PMID: 35117894 PMCID: PMC8797358 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-20-1498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background The enhancer of rudimentary homolog (ERH) protein is implicated in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression, and malignancy. We previously conducted a proteomics analysis using gastric cancer (GC) tissues and identified ERH as a biomarker candidate. The aim of this study was to investigate whether ERH may be useful as a prognostic marker for GC. Methods Surgically resected GC tissue specimens were obtained from 327 patients who underwent gastrectomy at Gyeongsang National University Hospital. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to validate ERH as a prognostic marker in these tissues. SNU601 and MKN74 cells with siRNA-mediated knockdown of ERH expression and ERH-overexpressing SNU601 and MKN74 knock-in cells were used for analysis of ERH function. Results ERH was overexpressed in stomach cancer tissues compared with normal tissues according to proteomics analysis (n=29, P<0.01) of patient samples. Based on IHC, patients with tumors overexpressing ERH had lower T stage and lower TNM stage classifications, lower cancer recurrence rates and longer survival times than did patients with tumors showing low expression of ERH (P=0.04). In vitro, forced expression of ERH significantly decreased GC cell migration and invasion, and depletion of ERH triggered GC cell migration and invasion but had no effect on proliferation in vitro. Conclusions The findings from the present study show that ERH is associated with decreased cancer cell migration and invasion, suggesting that overexpression of ERH may serve as a marker of good prognosis for patients with GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Ho Park
- Department of Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
| | - Miyeong Park
- Department of Anesthesiology, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Korea
| | - Sun Yi Park
- Department of Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
| | - Young-Joon Lee
- Department of Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
| | - Soon-Chan Hong
- Department of Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Jung
- Department of Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
| | - Young-Tae Ju
- Department of Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
| | - Chi-Young Jeong
- Department of Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
| | - Ju-Yeon Kim
- Department of Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
| | - Gyung Hyuck Ko
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Young-Sool Hah
- Biomedical Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Jeong
- Department of Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
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ERH proteins: connecting RNA processing to tumorigenesis? Curr Genet 2020; 66:689-692. [DOI: 10.1007/s00294-020-01065-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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