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Zhang SX, Hui DC, Sun MY. Progress in research of type 2 diabetes with nonalcoholic fatty liver in traditional Chinese and Western medicine. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2024; 32:16-22. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v32.i1.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
By analyzing the recent relevant literature on type 2 diabetes with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, this paper summarizes its etiology, pathogenesis, syndrome differentiation and treatment, clinical treatment, and other aspects from the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and Western medicine. There has been some progress in the treatment of this disease in both TCM and Western medicine, but further in-depth study is required to explore its pathogenesis. Moreover, the etiology, pathogenesis, and syndrome differentiation of this disease in TCM are not yet unified, and large-scale, multicenter, and prospective clinical research is insufficient. There is also a lack of research on the action and targets of TCM in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Xiao Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Baoshan District Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai 201999, China
| | - Deng-Cheng Hui
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Department of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ming-Yu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Department of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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2
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Jin W, Li C, Yang S, Song S, Hou W, Song Y, Du Q. Hypolipidemic effect and molecular mechanism of ginsenosides: a review based on oxidative stress. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1166898. [PMID: 37188264 PMCID: PMC10175615 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1166898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is considered a risk factor for cardiovascular and endocrine diseases. However, effective approaches for treating this common metabolic disorder remain limited. Ginseng has traditionally been used as a natural medicine for invigorating energy or "Qi" and has been demonstrated to possess antioxidative, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory properties. A large number of studies have shown that ginsenosides, the main active ingredient of ginseng, have lipid-lowering effects. However, there remains a lack of systematic reviews detailing the molecular mechanisms by which ginsenosides reduce blood lipid levels, especially in relation to oxidative stress. For this article, research studies detailing the molecular mechanisms through which ginsenosides regulate oxidative stress and lower blood lipids in the treatment of hyperlipidemia and its related diseases (diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and atherosclerosis) were comprehensively reviewed. The relevant papers were search on seven literature databases. According to the studies reviewed, ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rb3, Re, Rg1, Rg3, Rh2, Rh4, and F2 inhibit oxidative stress by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, promoting fatty acid β-oxidation and autophagy, and regulating the intestinal flora to alleviate high blood pressure and improve the body's lipid status. These effects are related to the regulation of various signaling pathways, such as those of PPARα, Nrf2, mitogen-activated protein kinases, SIRT3/FOXO3/SOD, and AMPK/SIRT1. These findings suggest that ginseng is a natural medicine with lipid-lowering effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jin
- Emergency Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunrun Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, China
| | - Shihui Yang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, China
| | - Shiyi Song
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, China
| | - Weiwei Hou
- Emergency Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Song
- Emergency Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Song, ; Quanyu Du,
| | - Quanyu Du
- Endocrinology Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Song, ; Quanyu Du,
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3
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Li X, Zeng B, Wen L, Zhao Y, Li Z, Xue C, Zhang T, Wang Y. Sea Cucumber Saponins Derivatives Alleviate Hepatic Lipid Accumulation Effectively in Fatty Acids-Induced HepG2 Cells and Orotic Acid-Induced Rats. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:703. [PMID: 36355027 PMCID: PMC9697935 DOI: 10.3390/md20110703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The sulfated echinoside A (EA) and holothurin A (HA) are two prominent saponins in sea cucumber with high hemolytic activity but also superior lipid-lowering activity. Deglycosylated derivatives EA2 and HA2 exhibit low hemolysis compared to EA and HA, but their efficacies on lipid metabolism regulation remains unknown. In this study, fatty acids-treated HepG2 cells and orotic acid-treated rats were used to investigate the lipid-lowering effects of sea cucumber saponin derivatives. Both the saponin and derivatives could effectively alleviate lipid accumulation in HepG2 model, especially EA and EA2. Moreover, though the lipid-lowering effect of EA2 was not equal with EA at the same dosage of 0.05% in diet, 0.15% dosage of EA2 significantly reduced hepatic steatosis rate, liver TC and TG contents by 76%, 41.5%, and 63.7%, respectively, compared to control and reversed liver histopathological features to normal degree according to H&E stained sections. Possible mechanisms mainly included enhancement of fatty acids β-oxidation and cholesterol catabolism through bile acids synthesis and excretion, suppression of lipogenesis and cholesterol uptake. It revealed that the efficacy of EA2 on lipid metabolism regulation was dose-dependent, and 0.15% dosage of EA2 possessed better efficacy with lower toxicity compared to 0.05% dosage of EA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Beibei Zeng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Lu Wen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yingcai Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zhaojie Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yuming Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
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Jiang L, Wang S, Zhao J, Chien C, Zhang Y, Su G, Chen X, Song D, Chen Y, Huang W, Xiao Y, Cao Y, Hu Z. Treatment options of traditional Chinese patent medicines for dyslipidemia in patients with prediabetes: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:942563. [PMID: 36105194 PMCID: PMC9465834 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.942563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of SIX Traditional Chinese Patent Medicines (TCPM) recommended by guidelines in improving lipids for patients with prediabetes by network meta-analysis.Methods: Randomized controlled trials of 6 TCPM in the treatment of prediabetes were searched systematically in various databases. After extracting effective data, the risk of bias was assessed using Review Manager 5.3 and Cochrane Collaboration Systems Evaluator’s Manual. Network meta-analysis was performed using STATA 15.0 based on the frequency statistical model. The effect size and credibility of the evidence for the intervention were summarized based on a minimal contextualized framework.Results: A total of 27 studies involving 2,227 patients were included. Compared with lifestyle modification (LM), Shenqi + LM [SMD −0.49 (95% CI: −0.85, −0.12)] and Jinqi + LM [SMD −0.44 (95% CI: −0.81, −0.06)] showed statistically significant effect in lowering TG, Shenqi + LM [SMD −0.51 (95%CI: −0.86, −0.17)] and Jinqi + LM [SMD −0.44 (95%CI: −0.80, −0.08)] in lowering TC, Jinlida + LM [SMD −0.31 (95%CI: −0.59, −0.04)] in lowering LDL-C, Shenqi + LM [SMD 0.29 (95%CI: 0.06, 0.51)] and Jinqi + LM [SMD 0.16 (95%CI: 0.01, 0.31)] in increasing HDL-C.Conclusion: For patients with prediabetes, Traditional Chinese patent medicine Jinqi and Shenqi combined with lifestyle modification were associated with a significant reduction in TG and TC, while Shenqi + LM was among the most effective. Jinlida + LM was among the least effective.Systematic Review Registration:https://clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier PROSPERO(CRD42021279332).
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jiang
- Section II of Endocrinology and Nephropathy Department of Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shidong Wang
- Section II of Endocrinology and Nephropathy Department of Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Shidong Wang, , ; Jinxi Zhao,
| | - Jinxi Zhao
- Section II of Endocrinology and Nephropathy Department of Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Shidong Wang, , ; Jinxi Zhao,
| | - Chieh Chien
- Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Yaofu Zhang
- Section II of Endocrinology and Nephropathy Department of Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guanxun Su
- Section II of Endocrinology and Nephropathy Department of Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Section II of Endocrinology and Nephropathy Department of Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dechao Song
- Section II of Endocrinology and Nephropathy Department of Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Section II of Endocrinology and Nephropathy Department of Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Weijun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghua Xiao
- Section II of Endocrinology and Nephropathy Department of Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yandong Cao
- Section II of Endocrinology and Nephropathy Department of Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zixian Hu
- Section II of Endocrinology and Nephropathy Department of Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Yuan X, Lu H, Han M, Han K, Zhang Y, Liang P, Liu S, Cheng J. HCBP6-induced activation of brown adipose tissue and upregulated of BAT cytokines genes. J Therm Biol 2022; 109:103306. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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6
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Li S, Han S, Zhang Q, Zhu Y, Zhang H, Wang J, Zhao Y, Zhao J, Su L, Li L, Zhou D, Ye C, Feng XH, Liang T, Zhao B. FUNDC2 promotes liver tumorigenesis by inhibiting MFN1-mediated mitochondrial fusion. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3486. [PMID: 35710796 PMCID: PMC9203792 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31187-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria generate ATP and play regulatory roles in various cellular activities. Cancer cells often exhibit fragmented mitochondria. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here we report that a mitochondrial protein FUN14 domain containing 2 (FUNDC2) is transcriptionally upregulated in primary mouse liver tumors, and in approximately 40% of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Importantly, elevated FUNDC2 expression inversely correlates with patient survival, and its knockdown inhibits liver tumorigenesis in mice. Mechanistically, the amino-terminal region of FUNDC2 interacts with the GTPase domain of mitofusin 1 (MFN1), thus inhibits its activity in promoting fusion of outer mitochondrial membrane. As a result, loss of FUNDC2 leads to mitochondrial elongation, decreased mitochondrial respiration, and reprogrammed cellular metabolism. These results identified a mechanism of mitochondrial fragmentation in cancer through MFN1 inhibition by FUNDC2, and suggested FUNDC2 as a potential therapeutic target of HCC. Fragmented mitochondria are a frequent hallmark of cancer, but the cause and consequence are less clear. The authors demonstrate that elevated FUNDC2 causes mitochondrial fragmentation through inhibition of MFN1 in hepatocellular carcinoma and that knockdown of FUNDC2 inhibits liver tumorigenesis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaifeng Li
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shixun Han
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yibing Zhu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Junli Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jianhui Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lin Su
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518053, China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Aging Research, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Dawang Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Cunqi Ye
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xin-Hua Feng
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, 321000, China
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China. .,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China. .,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China. .,Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, 321000, China.
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7
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Gao L, Zhang Y, Gao X, Xu L, Duan X. Methylation of the HCBP6 promoter is associated with primary biliary cholangitis pathogenesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 610:176-181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.03.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Action Mechanism Underlying Improvement Effect of Fuzi Lizhong Decoction on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Study Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1670014. [PMID: 35096103 PMCID: PMC8794673 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1670014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to decipher the bioactive compounds and potential mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula Fuzi Lizhong Decoction (FLD) for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) treatment via an integrative network pharmacology approach. METHODS The candidate compounds of FLD and its relative targets were obtained from the TCMSP and PharmMapper web server, and the intersection genes for NAFLD were discerned using OMIM, GeneCards, and DisGeNET. Then, the PPI and component-target-pathway networks were constructed. Moreover, GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis were performed to investigate the potential signaling pathways associated with FLD's effect on NAFLD. Eventually, molecular docking simulation was carried out to validate the binding affinity between potential core components and key targets. RESULTS A total of 143 candidate active compounds and 129 relative drug targets were obtained, in which 61 targets were overlapped with NAFLD. The PPI network analysis identified ALB, MAPK1, CASP3, MARK8, and AR as key targets, mainly focusing on cellular response to organic cyclic compound, steroid metabolic process, and response to steroid hormone in the biological processes. The KEGG pathway analysis demonstrated that 16 signaling pathways were closely correlated with FLD's effect on NALFD with cancer pathways, Th17 cell differentiation, and IL-17 signaling pathways as the most significant ones. In addition, the molecular docking analysis revealed that the core active compounds of FLD, such as 3'-methoxyglabridin, chrysanthemaxanthin, and Gancaonin H, had a high binding activity with such key targets as ALB, MAPK1, and CASP3. CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that FLD exerted its effect on NAFLD via modulating multitargets with multicompounds through multipathways. It also demonstrated that the network pharmacology-based approach might provide insights for understanding the interrelationship between complex diseases and interventions of the TCM formula.
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Ginsenoside 20(S)-Rh2 promotes cellular pharmacokinetics and intracellular antibacterial activity of levofloxacin against Staphylococcus aureus through drug efflux inhibition and subcellular stabilization. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:1930-1941. [PMID: 34462563 PMCID: PMC8564512 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00751-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) often causes clinical failure and relapse after antibiotic treatment. We previously found that 20(S)-ginsenoside Rh2 [20(S)-Rh2] enhanced the therapeutic effect of quinolones in a mouse model of peritonitis, which we attributed to the increased concentrations of quinolones within bacteria. In this study, we investigated the enhancing effect of 20(S)-Rh2 on levofloxacin (LVF) from a perspective of intracellular bacteria. In S. aureus 25923-infected mice, coadministration of LVF (1.5 mg/kg, i.v.) and 20(S)-Rh2 (25, 50 mg/kg, i.g.) markedly increased the survival rate, and decreased intracellular bacteria counts accompanied by increased accumulation of LVF in peritoneal macrophages. In addition, 20(S)-Rh2 (1, 5, 10 μM) dose-dependently increased the uptake and accumulation of LVF in peritoneal macrophages from infected mice without drug treatment. In a model of S. aureus 25923-infected THP-1 macrophages, we showed that 20(S)-Rh2 (1, 5, 10 μM) dose-dependently enhanced the intracellular antibacterial activity of LVF. At the cellular level, 20(S)-Rh2 increased the intracellular accumulation of LVF by inhibiting P-gp and BCRP. PK-PD modeling revealed that 20(S)-Rh2 altered the properties of the cell but not LVF. At the subcellular level, 20(S)-Rh2 did not increase the distribution of LVF in lysosomes but exhibited a stronger sensitizing effect in acidic environments. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations showed that 20(S)-Rh2 improved the stability of the DNA gyrase-LVF complex in lysosome-like acidic conditions. In conclusion, 20(S)-Rh2 promotes the cellular pharmacokinetics and intracellular antibacterial activities of LVF against S. aureus through efflux transporter inhibition and subcellular stabilization, which is beneficial for infection treatment.
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Yang J, He L, Gao M, Xiao F, Zhang F, Wang S, Shu Y, Ye X, Qu W, Li L, Wei H. Collagen β(1-O) galactosyltransferase 2 deficiency contributes to lipodystrophy and aggravates NAFLD related to HMW adiponectin in mice. Metabolism 2021; 120:154777. [PMID: 33865898 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM Our previous results showed that Colgalt1 knock-out resulted in fetal death on day E11.5, and collagen secretion was retarded. This study aimed to elucidate the role of Collagen β(1-O) galactosyltransferase 2 (Colgalt2) in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS Colgalt2-/- mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or methionine-and choline-deficient diet (MCD). Nanopore long-read RNA-Seq analysis of liver tissues was used to profile genomic variation. In vitro, hepatocyte steatosis and differentiation of primary pre-adipocytes were induced. RESULTS Colgalt2-/- mice exhibited lipodystrophy, increased body weight, and hepatic lipid accumulation at 6 weeks of age. Colgalt2 deficiency aggravated hepatic steatosis in mice fed an HFD or a standard laboratory chow diet. Colgalt2 deficiency promotes steatohepatitis in MCD-fed mice. In HFD mice, Colgalt2 deficiency caused lipodystrophy and decreased plasma HMW, total adiponectin, and leptin levels. Colgalt2 deficiency also reduced circulating HMW/Total adiponectin in mice fed a HFD diet without differences of adiponectin mRNA and protein level in WT and Colgalt2-/- mice. The nanopore long-read RNA-Seq analysis results revealed transcriptional changes in the adiponectin receptor downstream signaling pathway and lipogenic genes, including the AMPK signaling pathway, adipocytokine signaling pathway, and lipid metabolism (Cidea, Cidec, CD36, and PPARγ). Colgalt2 deficiency did not promote lipid accumulation in OA-induced HepG2 cells or primary hepatocytes. However, Colgalt2 deficiency inhibited adipogenesis and reduced PPARγ, adipogenesis-related transcription factors, and expression during adipocyte differentiation. CONCLUSIONS In mice, Colgalt2 deficiency contributes to lipodystrophy and promotes NAFLD related to HMW adiponectin. These results suggest that Colgalt2 could be a novel and promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junru Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingling He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Meixin Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Xiao
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fuyang Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shiwei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Shu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Huaxin Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenzheng Qu
- Biomarker Technologies Corporation, Beijing, China
| | - Liying Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Hongshan Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, Beijing, China.
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11
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Pang L, Zhu S, Ma J, Zhu L, Liu Y, Ou G, Li R, Wang Y, Liang Y, Jin X, Du L, Jin Y. Intranasal temperature-sensitive hydrogels of cannabidiol inclusion complex for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2031-2047. [PMID: 34386336 PMCID: PMC8343172 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disease that seriously affects brain function. Currently, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are used to treat PTSD clinically but have decreased efficiency and increased side effects. In this study, nasal cannabidiol inclusion complex temperature-sensitive hydrogels (CBD TSGs) were prepared and evaluated to treat PTSD. Mice model of PTSD was established with conditional fear box. CBD TSGs could significantly improve the spontaneous behavior, exploratory spirit and alleviate tension in open field box, relieve anxiety and tension in elevated plus maze, and reduce the freezing time. Hematoxylin and eosin and c-FOS immunohistochemistry slides showed that the main injured brain areas in PTSD were the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus CA1. CBD TSGs could reduce the level of tumor necrosis factor-α caused by PTSD. Western blot analysis showed that CBD TSGs increased the expression of the 5-HT1A receptor. Intranasal administration of CBD TSGs was more efficient and had more obvious brain targeting effects than oral administration, as evidenced by the pharmacokinetics and brain tissue distribution of CBD TSGs. Overall, nasal CBD TSGs are safe and effective and have controlled release. There are a novel promising option for the clinical treatment of PTSD.
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Key Words
- AUC, area under the curve
- BBB, blood‒brain barrier
- Blood‒brain barrier
- Brain targeting
- CBD TSGs, cannabidiol inclusion complex temperature-sensitive hydrogels
- CNS, central nervous system
- COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019
- Cannabidiol
- DSC, differential scanning calorimetry
- HP-β-CD, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin
- Hydrogels
- Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin
- IR, infrared
- IS, internal standard
- Inclusion complex
- Intranasal administration
- MRM, multiple reaction monitoring
- PPV, percentage of persistent vibration
- PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder
- PVD, persistent vibration duration
- Post-traumatic stress disorder
- SSRIs, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α
- WB, Western blot
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Meng J, Ma N, Liu H, Liu J, Liu J, Wang J, He X, Zhao X. Untargeted and targeted metabolomics profiling reveals the underlying pathogenesis and abnormal arachidonic acid metabolism in laying hens with fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101320. [PMID: 34274572 PMCID: PMC8319003 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
As a metabolic disease, fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) has become the major factor responsible for the noninfectious cause of mortality in laying hens, which lead to huge economic losses to poultry industry. However, the pathogenesis of FLHS remains unclear. The aim of present study was to identify novel liver metabolites associated with FLHS. Twenty healthy Chinese commercial Jing Fen laying hens aged 90 d were used in present study. After acclimatization for 2 wk, the hens were divided into 2 treatments (n = 10): control group (normal diet) and FLHS group (high-energy low-protein diet). The experiment lasted for 48 d, and the laying hens were killed for blood and liver sampling at the end of the experiment. Blood biochemical indicators and liver pathological changes were examined. Meanwhile, the changes in liver metabolic profile were investigated with the application of metabolomics approach. Significant increased levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, low density lipoprotein, total cholesterol and triglycerides, decreased high density lipoprotein (P < 0.01), and hepatic steatosis were observed in hens of FLHS group, which suggested FLHS was successfully established in this study. Distinct changes in metabolite patterns in liver between control and FLHS group were observed by partial least-squares discriminant analysis. In total, 42 liver metabolites including tyrosine, glutathione, carnitine, linoleic acid, uric acid, arachidonic acid (ARA), lactate and lysophosphatidylcholine (14: 0) were identified and considered to be related with pathogenesis of FLHS. Pathway analysis revealed that these metabolites were mainly involved in amino acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, ARA metabolism, glucose metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism. Furthermore, targeted metabolomics found that ARA metabolites such as prostaglandins and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids were significantly increased in FLHS group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, our data showed that liver metabolites and ARA metabolism were linked to the pathophysiology of FLHS, which provided a basis for understanding the pathogenesis of FLHS in laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Ning Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China; Hebei Veterinary Biotechnology Innovation Center, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Hailong Liu
- Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571100, Hainan, China
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Juxiang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Xin He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Xinghua Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China.
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