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Tzianabos C, Chouinard G, Martinez L. Alterations to the copulatory sequence in young adult male Sprague-Dawley rats administered a ketogenic diet. Physiol Behav 2024; 285:114650. [PMID: 39074675 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Ketogenic diets (KDs) have shown therapeutic potential for a range of neuropsychiatric disorders; however, there is insufficient data regarding the behavioral impacts of KDs in healthy populations. Here, we examined the impact of a KD on sexual behavior in young adult male Sprague-Dawley rats maintained on either a KD or standard chow diet (SD). We found that KD males exhibited higher mount rates, higher intromission rates (third and fourth tests only), and lower ejaculation likelihood (second test only) compared to SD males. Consequently, it may be that experience-dependent changes in the processing of sexual stimuli are not occurring as efficiently in KD males, thereby yielding the observed copulatory sequence alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Tzianabos
- Neuroscience Program, Trinity College, 300 Summit Street, 217 Life Sciences Center, Hartford, CT 06106, United States
| | - Grace Chouinard
- Neuroscience Program, Trinity College, 300 Summit Street, 217 Life Sciences Center, Hartford, CT 06106, United States
| | - Luis Martinez
- Neuroscience Program, Trinity College, 300 Summit Street, 217 Life Sciences Center, Hartford, CT 06106, United States.
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Faria-Costa G, Oliveira J, Vilas-Boas I, Campelo I, Silva EA, Brás-Silva C, Silva SM, Antunes-Lopes T, Charrua A. The Ketone Bridge Between the Heart and the Bladder: How Fast Should We Go? Int Neurourol J 2024; 28:2-11. [PMID: 38461852 DOI: 10.5213/inj.2346250.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is associated with both cardiovascular and bladder dysfunction. Insulin resistance (IR) and central obesity, in particular, are the main risk factors. In these patients, vicious pathological cycles exacerbate abnormal carbohydrate metabolism and sustain an inflammatory state, with serious implications for both the heart and bladder. Ketone bodies serve as an alternative energy source in this context. They are considered a "super-fuel" because they generate adenosine triphosphate with less oxygen consumption per molecule, thus enhancing metabolic efficiency. Ketone bodies have a positive impact on all components of MS. They aid in weight loss and glycemic control, lower blood pressure, improve lipid profiles, and enhance endothelial function. Additionally, they possess direct anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and vasodilatory properties. A shared key player in dysfunction of both the heart and bladder dysfunction is the formation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, which ketone bodies inhibit. Interventions that elevate ketone body levels-such as fasting, a ketogenic diet, ketone supplements, and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors-have been shown to directly affect cardiovascular outcomes and improve lower urinary tract symptoms derived from MS. This review explores the pathophysiological basis of the benefits of ketone bodies in cardiac and bladder dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Faria-Costa
- Department of Urology, Unidade Local de Saúde de Matosinhos, Matosinhos, Portugal
- UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Oliveira
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Center São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Vilas-Boas
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Campelo
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Elisa Azeredo Silva
- Unit of Experimental Biology, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Brás-Silva
- UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Maria Silva
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tiago Antunes-Lopes
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Center São João, Porto, Portugal
- Unit of Experimental Biology, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Translational Neurourology group, I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Charrua
- Unit of Experimental Biology, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Translational Neurourology group, I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Gong GY, Xi SY, Li CC, Tang WL, Fu XM, Huang YP. Bushen Tongluo formula ameliorated testosterone propionate-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 120:155048. [PMID: 37651753 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common disease in older men worldwide. However, there is currently no effective treatment for BPH. Bushen Tongluo Formula (Kidney-supplementing and collaterals-unblocking formula [KCF]) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula commonly used to ameliorate the symptoms of BPH, although the specific molecular mechanisms remain unclear. PURPOSE We aimed to discover the effects and potential mechanisms of KCF against BPH. METHODS Sixty male SD rats were randomly assigned to one of six group (n = 10): control, low-dosage KCF, medium-dosage KCF, high-dosage KCF, BPH model, and finasteride. A rat model of BPH was established by surgical castration followed by subcutaneous injection of testosterone propionate (TP) for 4 weeks. After treatment, the prostate index, histopathological staining, serum levels of estradiol (E2) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT), protein/mRNA levels of E-cadherin, TGF-β1, caspase-3, Ki67, and vimentin, abundances of serum metabolites, and the proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis of BPH-1 cells were documented. RESULTS KCF treatment for 4 weeks reduced the prostate volume and prostate index, alleviated histopathological changes to the prostate of rats with TP-induced BPH, decreased serum levels of E2 and DHT, reduced protein/mRNA levels of TGF-β1 and vimentin, and increased E-cadherin levels. Moreover, KCF-spiked serum inhibited proliferation of BPH-1 cells, blocked the cell cycle, and promoted apoptosis. KCF was also found to regulate the contents of three metabolites (D-maltose, citric acid, and fumaric acid). CONCLUSION The present study was the first to report that KCF exhibited therapeutic effects against BPH by regulating energy metabolism and inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition in prostate tissues. Hence, KCF presents a viable treatment option for BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Yu Gong
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, No. 4221-122, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Sheng-Yan Xi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, No. 4221-122, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, No. 2000, Xiang'an East Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361101, China.
| | - Cheng-Chen Li
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 51, Anwai Xiaoguan Street, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wen-Li Tang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, No. 4221-122, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Xue-Ming Fu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, No. 4221-122, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yuan-Peng Huang
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1739, Xianyue Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361015, China.
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Bougueroua K, Boufadi MY, Latreche B, Celik I, Guerrero Gonzalez M, Doubbi Bounoua A, Bouras S, Eissa A, Zoeir A. Effects of algerian nettle ( Urtica dioica L.) on benign prostatic hyperplasia and their mechanism of action elucidation: in vivo and in silico approaches. Nat Prod Res 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37867291 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2272283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of Urtica dioica roots etheric extract (UDEE) on oxidative stress, and urine obstruction with histopathological examinations of prostatic and renal tissues,and suggests computational methods as a complementary method, to make a hypothesis on the overall effect of UDEE in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was utilised to characterise UDEE.BPH was induced in rats through daily subcutaneous injections of testosterone propionate. Rats were also orally administered UDEE or a vehicle. After four weeks, prostate weight, urine output, and biochemical markers were evaluated. UDEE treatment demonstrated significant regression of prostatic enlargement, improved biochemical and histopathological characteristics, and regulation of antioxidant activity levels. Phytosteroids stand out, act by inhibiting 5α-reductase and aromatase. This study provides an insight into treatment of BPH, demonstrating safety of this compound towards the kidney compared to finasteride without severe side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima Bougueroua
- Laboratory of Bioeconomics, Food Safety and Health, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, University of Abdelhamid Ibn Badis, Mostaganem, Algeria
| | - Mokhtaria Yasmina Boufadi
- Laboratory of Bioeconomics, Food Safety and Health, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, University of Abdelhamid Ibn Badis, Mostaganem, Algeria
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Libre University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Batoul Latreche
- Department of Anatomical Pathologies, BeniMessous Hospital, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Ismail Celik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Miguel Guerrero Gonzalez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas-Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Carpio & Plan de Ayala S/N, Colonia Santo Tomás, México City, México
| | - Amina Doubbi Bounoua
- Laboratory of Bioeconomics, Food Safety and Health, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, University of Abdelhamid Ibn Badis, Mostaganem, Algeria
| | - Samir Bouras
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Ferhat Abbas University, Setif, Algeria
| | - Ahmed Eissa
- Urology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Zoeir
- Urology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro La Vignera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Livia Basile
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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王 文, 马 飞, 王 帆, 杨 志, 范 珊, 窦 桂, 甘 慧, 冯 素, 孟 志. [ Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge flower extract inhibits benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2022; 42:1503-1510. [PMID: 36329584 PMCID: PMC9637503 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2022.10.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the inhibitory effect of the extract of Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge flower against benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and explore its possible mechanism. METHODS MTT assay was used to examine the effect of the extract of Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge flower on proliferation of benign prostatic hyperplasia cells (BPH-1), and cell apoptosis and cell cycle changes following the treatment were analyzed using annexin V/PI double staining and flow cytometry. The protein expression levels of Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, PI3K and AKT in the treated cells were detected using Western blotting. A rat model of BPH established by subcutaneous injection of testosterone propionate was treated with the flower extract for 28 days, and pathological changes in the prostate tissue were observed with HE staining. The protein expression levels of Bcl-2, Bax, caspase3 and PI3K/AKT in the prostate tissue were detected with Western blotting. RESULTS Within the concentration range of 125-1000 µg/mL, the flower extract of Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge significantly inhibited the proliferation of BPH-1 cells and caused obvious cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase; the apoptotic rate of the cells was positively correlated with the concentration of the flower extract (P < 0.05). Bcl-2, p-PI3K and p-AKT expression levels were significantly down-regulated and Bax and caspase-3 expression levels were significantly increased in the cells after treatment with the flowers extract (P < 0.05). In the rat models of BPH, the rats treated with the flowers extract at moderate and high doses showed obviously decreased expressions of p-AKT and Bcl-2 and an increased expression of Bax in the prostate tissue; a significantly lowered p-AKT expression was observed in the prostate tissue of rats receiving the low-dose treatment (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The flower extract of Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge has a inhibitory effect on BPH both in vitro and in rats, suggesting its potential value in the development of medicinal plant preparations for treatment of BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- 文晴 王
- 河南中医药大学药学院,河南 郑州 450046College of pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- 军事科学院军事医学研究院辐射医学研究所,北京 100850Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
- 长春金赛药业有限责任公司,吉林 长春 130000GeneScience Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Changchun 130000, China
| | - 飞 马
- 军事科学院军事医学研究院辐射医学研究所,北京 100850Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - 帆均 王
- 军事科学院军事医学研究院辐射医学研究所,北京 100850Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - 志远 杨
- 军事科学院军事医学研究院辐射医学研究所,北京 100850Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - 珊 范
- 军事科学院军事医学研究院辐射医学研究所,北京 100850Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - 桂芳 窦
- 军事科学院军事医学研究院辐射医学研究所,北京 100850Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - 慧 甘
- 军事科学院军事医学研究院辐射医学研究所,北京 100850Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - 素香 冯
- 河南中医药大学药学院,河南 郑州 450046College of pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - 志云 孟
- 军事科学院军事医学研究院辐射医学研究所,北京 100850Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
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Beneficial Effects of the Very-Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet on the Symptoms of Male Accessory Gland Inflammation. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14051081. [PMID: 35268056 PMCID: PMC8912840 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Obesity exposes individuals to the risk of chronic inflammation of the prostate gland. Aim and design of the study. A longitudinal clinical study was conducted on selected overweight/obese patients with male accessory gland inflammation (MAGI) to evaluate the effects of body weight loss on their urogenital symptoms. Materials and methods. One hundred patients were selected and assigned to two groups undergoing two different nutritional programs. The first group (n = 50) started a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and the second (n = 50) a very-low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD). Before and after three months on the diet, each patient was evaluated for body weight, waist circumference, and MAGI symptoms. The MAGI was assessed using the Structured Interview about MAGI (SI-MAGI), a questionnaire previously designed to assess the symptoms of MAGI. The questionnaire explores four domains, including urinary symptoms, ejaculatory pain or discomfort, sexual dysfunction, and impaired quality of life. Finally, in the two groups, the frequency of an α-blocker used to treat urinary tract symptoms was also evaluated. Results. Patients on MedDiet experienced significant amelioration in urinary symptoms and quality of life. Patients under VLCKD reported not only significant improvement of the same parameters, but also in ejaculatory pain/discomfort and sexual dysfunction. Finally, the percentage of patients on VLCKD taking the α-blocker decreased significantly. Moreover, patients under VLCKD showed a greater loss of body weight than those following the MedDiet. Discussion. The results of this study support the effectiveness of VLCKD in improving the symptoms of patients with MAGI. This improvement involved all of the domains of the SI-MAGI questionnaire and became manifest in a relatively short time. We suggest that a ketogenic nutritional approach can be used in overweight/obese patients with MAGI.
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Russo GI, Broggi G, Cocci A, Capogrosso P, Falcone M, Sokolakis I, Gül M, Caltabiano R, Di Mauro M. Relationship between Dietary Patterns with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Erectile Dysfunction: A Collaborative Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13114148. [PMID: 34836403 PMCID: PMC8618879 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Interest in the role of dietary patterns has been consistently emerging in recent years due to much research that has documented the impact of metabolism on erectile dysfunction (ED) and/or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). We conducted a non-systematic review of English articles published from 1964 to September 2021. The search terms were: (“dietary patterns” OR “diet”) AND/OR (“erectile dysfunction”) AND/OR (“benign prostatic hyperplasia”). In the present review, we have highlighted how the association between dietary patterns and two of the most frequent pathologies in urology, namely erectile dysfunction and benign prostatic hyperplasia, is present in the literature. The data suggested that a diet that is more adherent to the Mediterranean diet or that emphasizes the presence of vegetables, fruits, nuts, legumes, and fish or other sources of long-chain (n-3) fats, in addition to reduced content of red meat, may have a beneficial role on erectile function. At the same time, the same beneficial effects can be transferred to BPH as a result of the indirect regulatory effects on prostatic growth and smooth muscle tone, thus determining an improvement in symptoms. Certainly, in-depth studies and translational medicine are needed to confirm these encouraging data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Ivan Russo
- Urology Section, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Giuseppe Broggi
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.B.); (R.C.)
| | - Andrea Cocci
- Department of Urology, University of Florence, 50100 Florence, Italy;
| | - Paolo Capogrosso
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Ospedale di Circolo and Macchi Foundation, 21100 Varese, Italy;
| | - Marco Falcone
- Department of Urology, Molinette Hospital, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10100 Turin, Italy;
| | - Ioannis Sokolakis
- Department of Urology, Martha-Maria Hospital Nuremberg, 90491 Nuremberg, Germany;
| | - Murat Gül
- School of Medicine, Department of Urology, Selcuk University, 42005 Konya, Turkey;
| | - Rosario Caltabiano
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.B.); (R.C.)
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Иванникова ЕВ, Алташина МВ, Трошина ЕА. [The ketogenic diet: history, mechanism of action, indications and contraindications]. PROBLEMY ENDOKRINOLOGII 2021; 68:49-72. [PMID: 35262297 PMCID: PMC9761873 DOI: 10.14341/probl12724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Low-carb diets have been successfully used to alleviate a number of severe neurological diseases for about 100 years. The publication of the results of new studies suggesting that this type of diet may play a therapeutic role in other pathologies such as diabetes, obesity, polycystic ovary syndrome, and oncology is of particular interest for both doctors and the public. However, the long-term safety of using a low-carb or ketogenic diet, as well as its impact, primarily on the risks of developing cardiovascular diseases, remains poorly studied. This article presents the results of observation of patients against the background of a low-carbohydrate diet, both in the short-term perspective as well as provides an assessment of its long-term consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - М. В. Алташина
- Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр
эндокринологии
| | - Е. А. Трошина
- Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр
эндокринологии
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Kayode OT, Rotimi D, Okoh E, Iyobhebhe M, Kayode AAA, Ojo OA. Novel ketogenic diet formulation improves sucrose-induced insulin resistance in canton strain Drosophila melanogaster. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13907. [PMID: 34409649 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the antidiabetic effect of a ketogenic diet (KD) on sucrose-induced insulin resistance in the fruit fly model. The fruit flies were divided and grouped into four: Group A, B, C, and D, representing the control, high-sucrose diet (HSD), KD, and HSD + KD, respectively. The administration of the various treatments to the groups proceeded for 7 days. The flies were thereafter immobilized, homogenized, and the homogenates used for biochemical parameters determination. This includes glucose concentration, antioxidant status, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and protein concentration. There was a significant increase (p < .05) in weight gain, glucose concentration, TG, HMG-CoA reductase activity, TC, and lipid peroxidation status of the HSD group compared with the control and KD groups. The antioxidant enzymes measured (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and reduced glutathione) and protein concentrations were repressed significantly (p < .05) in the HD groups but significantly elevated (p < .05) in the KD, HSD + KD, and the control groups. The KD improved biochemical parameters altered during the onset of sucrose-induced insulin resistance. With further research on this, KD may emerge as the much-awaited treatment option for diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) with almost reduced toxicity concerns. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Novel KD are sources of dietary phytocompounds with proven antioxidant activities. The antidiabetic activity of the KD was investigated. The results showed that the KD proves to serve as a better effective antidiabetic option in Drosophila melanogaster. The observed results could provide the potential application of the KD as an alternative therapy for diabetes management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omowumi T Kayode
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Mountain Top University, Prayercity, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Damilare Rotimi
- Medicinal Biochemistry and Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biochemistry, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria
| | - Elizabeth Okoh
- Medicinal Biochemistry and Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biochemistry, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria
| | - Matthew Iyobhebhe
- Medicinal Biochemistry and Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biochemistry, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria
| | - Abolanle A A Kayode
- Department of Biochemistry, Benjamin Carson School of Medicine, Babcock University, Ilishan Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Oluwafemi Adeleke Ojo
- Medicinal Biochemistry and Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biochemistry, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria
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