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Chen Y, Dai R, Cheng M, Wang W, Liu C, Cao Z, Ge Y, Wang Y, Zhang L. Status and role of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in renal fibrosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 178:117210. [PMID: 39059348 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a basic regulatory mechanism in cells that is essential for maintaining cell homeostasis, stimulating signal transduction, and determining cell fate. These biological processes require coordinated signaling cascades across members of the UPS to achieve substrate ubiquitination and deubiquitination. The role of the UPS in fibrotic diseases has attracted widespread attention, and the aberrant expression of UPS members affects the fibrosis process. In this review, we provide an overview of the UPS and its relevance for fibrotic diseases. Moreover, for the first time, we explore in detail how the UPS promotes or inhibits renal fibrosis by regulating biological processes such as signaling pathways, inflammation, oxidative stress, and the cell cycle, emphasizing the status and role of the UPS in renal fibrosis. Further research on this system may reveal new strategies for preventing renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhen Chen
- First Clinical Medical College, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Rong Dai
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Meng Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Weili Wang
- First Clinical Medical College, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Chuanjiao Liu
- First Clinical Medical College, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Zeping Cao
- First Clinical Medical College, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yong Ge
- First Clinical Medical College, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yiping Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.
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Ye Y, Li M, Chen W, Wang H, He X, Liu N, Guo Z, Zheng C. Natural polysaccharides as promising reno-protective agents for the treatment of various kidney injury. Pharmacol Res 2024; 207:107301. [PMID: 39009291 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Renal injury, a prevalent clinical outcome with multifactorial etiology, imposes a substantial burden on society. Currently, there remains a lack of effective management and treatments. Extensive research has emphasized the diverse biological effects of natural polysaccharides, which exhibit promising potential for mitigating renal damage. This review commences with the pathogenesis of four common renal diseases and the shared mechanisms underlying renal injury. The renoprotective roles of polysaccharides in vivo and in vitro are summarized in the following five aspects: anti-oxidative stress effects, anti-apoptotic effects, anti-inflammatory effects, anti-fibrotic effects, and gut modulatory effects. Furthermore, we explore the structure-activity relationship and bioavailability of polysaccharides in relation to renal injury, as well as investigate their utility as biomaterials for alleviating renal injury. The clinical experiments of polysaccharides applied to patients with chronic kidney disease are also reviewed. Broadly, this review provides a comprehensive perspective on the research direction of natural polysaccharides in the context of renal injury, with the primary aim to serve as a reference for the clinical development of polysaccharides as pharmaceuticals and prebiotics for the treatment of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Ye
- Department of Chinese Medicine Authentication, Faculty of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Nephrology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Maoting Li
- Department of Chinese Medicine Authentication, Faculty of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Nephrology, Naval Medical Center of PLA, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, 338 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200052, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hongrui Wang
- Department of Chinese Medicine Authentication, Faculty of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xuhui He
- Department of Chinese Medicine Authentication, Faculty of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Nanmei Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Naval Medical Center of PLA, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, 338 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200052, China.
| | - Zhiyong Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Chengjian Zheng
- Department of Chinese Medicine Authentication, Faculty of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Hou Y, Zhu L, Ye X, Ke Q, Zhang Q, Xie X, Piao JG, Wei Y. Integrated oral microgel system ameliorates renal fibrosis by hitchhiking co-delivery and targeted gut flora modulation. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:305. [PMID: 38822364 PMCID: PMC11143587 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02586-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal fibrosis is a progressive process associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD), contributing to impaired kidney function. Active constituents in traditional Chinese herbs, such as emodin (EMO) and asiatic acid (AA), exhibit potent anti-fibrotic properties. However, the oral administration of EMO and AA results in low bioavailability and limited kidney accumulation. Additionally, while oral probiotics have been accepted for CKD treatment through gut microbiota modulation, a significant challenge lies in ensuring their viability upon administration. Therefore, our study aims to address both renal fibrosis and gut microbiota imbalance through innovative co-delivery strategies. RESULTS In this study, we developed yeast cell wall particles (YCWPs) encapsulating EMO and AA self-assembled nanoparticles (NPYs) and embedded them, along with Lactobacillus casei Zhang, in chitosan/sodium alginate (CS/SA) microgels. The developed microgels showed significant controlled release properties for the loaded NPYs and prolonged the retention time of Lactobacillus casei Zhang (L. casei Zhang) in the intestine. Furthermore, in vivo biodistribution showed that the microgel-carried NPYs significantly accumulated in the obstructed kidneys of rats, thereby substantially increasing the accumulation of EMO and AA in the impaired kidneys. More importantly, through hitchhiking delivery based on yeast cell wall and positive modulation of gut microbiota, our microgels with this synergistic strategy of therapeutic and modulatory interactions could regulate the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway and thus effectively ameliorate renal fibrosis in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) rats. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our work provides a new strategy for the treatment of renal fibrosis based on hitchhiking co-delivery of nanodrugs and probiotics to achieve synergistic effects of disease treatment and targeted gut flora modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Xiaofeng Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Qiaoying Ke
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Qibin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Xiaowei Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Ji-Gang Piao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China.
| | - Yinghui Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China.
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Kim Y, Kang D, Choi GE, Kim SD, Yang SJ, Kim H, You D, Kim CS, Suh N. Therapeutic potential of BMSC-conditioned medium in an in vitro model of renal fibrosis using the RPTEC/TERT1 cell line. BMB Rep 2024; 57:116-121. [PMID: 38303564 PMCID: PMC10910087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
We investigated the therapeutic potential of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium (BMSC-CM) on immortalized renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (RPTEC/ TERT1) in a fibrotic environment. To replicate the increased stiffness characteristic of kidneys in chronic kidney disease, we utilized polyacrylamide gel platforms. A stiff matrix was shown to increase α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) levels, indicating fibrogenic activation in RPTEC/TERT1 cells. Interestingly, treatment with BMSC-CM resulted in significant reductions in the levels of fibrotic markers (α-SMA and vimentin) and increases in the levels of the epithelial marker E-cadherin and aquaporin 7, particularly under stiff conditions. Furthermore, BMSC-CM modified microRNA (miRNA) expression and reduced oxidative stress levels in these cells. Our findings suggest that BMSC-CM can modulate cellular morphology, miRNA expression, and oxidative stress in RPTEC/TERT1 cells, highlighting its therapeutic potential in fibrotic kidney disease. [BMB Reports 2024; 57(2): 116-121].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunji Kim
- Department of Medical Sciences, General Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea
| | - Dayeon Kang
- Department of Medical Sciences, General Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea
| | - Ga-eun Choi
- Department of Medical Sciences, General Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea
| | - Sang Dae Kim
- Department of Medical Sciences, General Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea
| | | | - Hyosang Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Dalsan You
- Department of Urology, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Choung Soo Kim
- Urology Institute, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul 07985, Korea
| | - Nayoung Suh
- Department of Medical Sciences, General Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea
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Zhao WM, Li XL, Zhu Y, Shi R, Wang ZJ, Xiao JP, Wang DG. Diosmin ameliorates renal fibrosis through inhibition of inflammation by regulating SIRT3-mediated NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:29. [PMID: 38195573 PMCID: PMC10777592 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04330-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal fibrosis is considered an irreversible pathological process and the ultimate common pathway for the development of all types of chronic kidney diseases and renal failure. Diosmin is a natural flavonoid glycoside that has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic activities. However, whether Diosmin protects kidneys by inhibiting renal fibrosis is unknown. We aimed to investigate the role of Diosmin in renal interstitial fibrosis and to explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS The UUO mouse model was established and gavaged with Diosmin (50 mg/kg·d and 100 mg/kg·d) for 14 days. HE staining, Masson staining, immunohistochemistry, western blotting and PCR were used to assess renal tissue injury and fibrosis. Elisa kits were used to detect the expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α and the activity of SIRT3 in renal tissues. In addition, enrichment maps of RNA sequencing analyzed changes in signaling pathways. In vitro, human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) were stimulated with TGF-β1 and then treated with diosmin (75 μM). The protein and mRNA expression levels of SIRT3 were detected in the cells. In addition, 3-TYP (selective inhibitor of SIRT3) and SIRT3 small interfering RNA (siRNA) were used to reduce SIRT3 levels in HK-2. RESULTS Diosmin attenuated UUO-induced renal fibrosis and TGF-β1-induced HK-2 fibrosis. In addition, Diosmin reduced IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels in kidney tissues and supernatants of HK-2 medium. Interestingly, Diosmin administration increased the enzymatic activity of SIRT3 in UUO kidneys. In addition, Diosmin significantly increased mRNA and protein expression of SIRT3 in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of SIRT3 expression using 3-TYP or SIRT3 siRNA abolished the anti-inflammatory effects of diosmin in HK-2 cells. Enrichment map analysis by RNA sequencing indicates that the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway was inhibited in the Diosmin intervention group. Furthermore, we found that TGF-β1 increased the nuclear expression of nuclear NF-κB p65 but had little significant effect on the total intracellular expression of NF-κB p65. Additionally, Diosmin reduced TGF-β1-caused NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation. Knockdown of SIRT3 expression by SIRT3 siRNA increased the nuclear expression of NF-κB p65 and abolished the inhibition effect of Diosmin in NF-κB p65 expression. CONCLUSIONS Diosmin reduces renal inflammation and fibrosis, which is contributed by inhibiting nuclear translocation of NF-κB P65 through activating SIRT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Man Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xun-Liang Li
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuyu Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhi-Juan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jian-Ping Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - De-Guang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
- Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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Yang J, Liu J, Liang J, Li F, Wang W, Chen H, Xie X. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in age-associated thymic involution: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 92:102115. [PMID: 37922996 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The thymus is a critical immune organ with endocrine and immune functions that plays important roles in the physiological and pathological processes of the body. However, with aging, the thymus undergoes degenerative changes leading to decreased production and output of naive T cells and the secretion of thymic hormones and related cytokines, thereby promoting the occurrence and development of various age-associated diseases. Therefore, identifying essential processes that regulate age-associated thymic involution is crucial for long-term control of thymic involution and age-associated disease progression. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a well-established process involved in organ aging and functional impairment through tissue fibrosis in several organs, such as the heart and kidney. In the thymus, EMT promotes fibrosis and potentially adipogenesis, leading to thymic involution. This review focuses on the factors involved in thymic involution, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and hormones, from the perspective of EMT. Furthermore, current interventions for reversing age-associated thymic involution by targeting EMT-associated processes are summarized. Understanding the key mechanisms of thymic involution through EMT as an entry point may promote the development of new therapies and clinical agents to reverse thymic involution and age-associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Yang
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Public Center of Experimental Technology, Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Juan Liu
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Public Center of Experimental Technology, Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Liang
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Public Center of Experimental Technology, Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Fan Li
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Public Center of Experimental Technology, Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wenwen Wang
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Public Center of Experimental Technology, Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Huan Chen
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Nucleic Acid Medicine of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| | - Xiang Xie
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Public Center of Experimental Technology, Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
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Dong Z, Chen F, Peng S, Liu X, Liu X, Guo L, Wang E, Chen X. Identification of the key immune-related genes and immune cell infiltration changes in renal interstitial fibrosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1207444. [PMID: 38027143 PMCID: PMC10663291 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1207444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the third-leading cause of premature mortality worldwide. It is characterized by rapid deterioration due to renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) via excessive inflammatory infiltration. The aim of this study was to discover key immune-related genes (IRGs) to provide valuable insights and therapeutic targets for RIF in CKD. Materials and methods We screened differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between RIF samples from CKD patients and healthy controls from a public database. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were applied to identify significant key biomarkers. The single-sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA) algorithm was used to analyze the infiltration of immune cells between the RIF and control samples. The correlation between biomarkers and immune cell composition was assessed. Results A total of 928 DEGs between CKD and control samples from six microarray datasets were found, 17 overlapping immune-correlated DEGs were identified by integration with the ImmPort database, and six IRGs were finally identified in the model: apolipoprotein H (APOH), epidermal growth factor (EGF), lactotransferrin (LTF), lysozyme (LYZ), phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP), and secretory leukocyte peptidase inhibitor (SLPI). Two additional datasets and in vivo experiments indicated that the expression levels of APOH and EGF in the fibrosis group were significantly lower than those in the control group, while the expression levels of LTF, LYZ, PLTP, and SLPI were higher (all P < 0.05). These IRGs also showed a significant correlation with renal function impairment. Moreover, four upregulated IRGs were positively associated with various T cell populations, which were enriched in RIF tissues, whereas two downregulated IRGs had opposite results. Several signaling pathways, such as the "T cell receptor signaling pathway" and "positive regulation of NF-κB signaling pathway", were discovered to be associated not only with immune cell infiltration, but also with the expression levels of six IRGs. Conclusion In summary, six IRGs were identified as key biomarkers for RIF, and exhibited a strong correlation with various T cells and with the NF-κB signaling pathway. All these IRGs and their signaling pathways may evolve as valuable therapeutic targets for RIF in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhitao Dong
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fangzhi Chen
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuang Peng
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiongfei Liu
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xingyang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lizhe Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - E. Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Zhang J, Zhang Y, Feng D, Zhou H, Gui Z, Zheng M, Hang Z, Gu M, Tan R. Disruption of RCAN1.4 expression mediated by YY1/HDAC2 modulates chronic renal allograft interstitial fibrosis. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:271. [PMID: 37507403 PMCID: PMC10382480 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01574-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic allograft dysfunction (CAD) is a major factor that hinders kidney transplant survival in the long run. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been confirmed to significantly contribute to interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy (IF/TA), which is the main histopathological feature of CAD. Aberrant expression of the regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1), recognized as an endogenous inhibitor of the calcineurin phosphatase, has been shown to be extensively involved in various kidney diseases. However, it remains unclear how RCAN1.4 regulates IF/TA formation in CAD patients. Herein, an in vivo mouse renal transplantation model and an in vitro model of human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) treated with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were employed. Our results proved that RCAN1.4 expression was decreased in vivo and in vitro, in addition to the up-regulation of Yin Yang 1 (YY1), a transcription factor that has been reported to convey multiple functions in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Knocking in of RCAN1.4 efficiently attenuated chronic renal allograft interstitial fibrosis in vivo and inhibited TNF-α-induced EMT in vitro through regulating anti-oxidative stress and the calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) signaling pathway. In addition, suppression of YY1 mediated by shRNA or siRNA alleviated TNF-α-induced EMT through abolishing reactive species partly in an RCAN1.4-dependent manner. Notably, we confirmed that YY1 negatively regulated RCAN1.4 transcription by directly interacting with the RCAN1.4 promoter. In addition, histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) interacted with YY1 to form a multi-molecular complex, which was involved in TNF-α-induced RCAN1.4 transcriptional repression. Therefore, RCAN1.4 is suggested to be modulated by the YY1/HDAC2 transcription repressor complex in an epigenetic manner, which is a mediated nephroprotective effect partly through modulating O2⋅- generation and the calcineurin/NFATc1 signaling pathway. Thus, the YY1-RCAN1.4 axis constitutes an innovative target for IF/TA treatment in CAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjian Zhang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Dengyuan Feng
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Hai Zhou
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Zeping Gui
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Zheng
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhou Hang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Gu
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruoyun Tan
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, 210029, Nanjing, China.
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Zhang Y, Li K, Zhang C, Liao H, Li R. Research Progress of Cordyceps sinensis and Its Fermented Mycelium Products on Ameliorating Renal Fibrosis by Reducing Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:2817-2830. [PMID: 37440993 PMCID: PMC10335274 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s413374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a hallmark and common outcome of various chronic kidney diseases (CKDs) and manifests pathologically as accumulation and deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the kidney. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been shown to be an important mechanism involved in renal fibrosis. Cordyceps sinensis, a traditional Chinese medicine, has long been used for the treatment of renal fibrosis. As research on the mycelium of C. sinensis progressed, a variety of medicines developed from fermented mycelium were used to treat CKD. However, their efficacies and mechanisms have not been fully summarized. In this review, five medicines developed from fermented mycelium of C. sinensis are presented. The pharmacodynamic effects of C. sinensis on different animal models of renal fibrosis are summarized. The in vitro studies and related mechanisms of C. sinensis on renal cells are detailed. Finally, the application and efficacy of these five commercial medicines that meet national standards in different types of CKD are summarized. From this review, it can be concluded that C. sinensis can alleviate various causes of renal fibrosis to some extent, and its mechanism is related to TGF-β1 dependent signaling, inhibition of inflammation, and improvement of renal function. Further research on rigorously designed, large-sample, clinically randomized controlled trial studies and detailed mechanisms should be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital), Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Nephrology, Taiyuan Central Hospital, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kaiyun Li
- Department of Nephrology, Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital), Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital), Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Liao
- Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital), Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rongshan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital), Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
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Nanto-Hara F, Yamazaki M, Murakami H, Ohtsu H. Chronic heat stress induces renal fibrosis and mitochondrial dysfunction in laying hens. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:81. [PMID: 37268977 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00878-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat stress in laying hens negatively affects egg production and shell quality by disrupting the homeostasis of plasma calcium and phosphorus levels. Although the kidney plays an important role in calcium and phosphorus homeostasis, evidence regarding the effect of heat stress on renal injury in laying hens is yet to be elucidated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of chronic heat stress on renal damage in hens during laying periods. METHODS A total of 16 white-leghorn laying hens (32 weeks old) were randomly assigned to two groups (n = 8). One group was exposed to chronic heat stress (33 °C for 4 weeks), whereas the other group was maintained at 24 °C. RESULTS Chronic heat exposure significantly increased plasma creatinine and decreased plasma albumin levels (P < 0.05). Heat exposure also increased renal fibrosis and the transcription levels of fibrosis-related genes (COLA1A1, αSMA, and TGF-β) in the kidney. These results suggest that renal failure and fibrosis were induced by chronic heat exposure in laying hens. In addition, chronic heat exposure decreased ATP levels and mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) in renal tissue, suggesting that renal mitochondrial dysfunction occurs under conditions of heat stress. Damaged mitochondria leak mtDNAs into the cytosol and mtDNA leakage may activate the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway. Our results showed that chronic heat exposure activated the cGAS-STING pathway as indicated by increased expression of MDA5, STING, IRF7, MAVS, and NF-κB levels. Furthermore, the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-12) and chemokines (CCL4 and CCL20) was upregulated in heat-stressed hens. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that chronic heat exposure induces renal fibrosis and mitochondrial damage in laying hens. Mitochondrial damage by heat stress may activate the mtDNA-cGAS-STING signaling and cause subsequent inflammation, which contributes to the progression of renal fibrosis and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumika Nanto-Hara
- Division of Meat Animal and Poultry Research, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NILGS), 2 Ikenodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0901, Japan.
| | - Makoto Yamazaki
- Division of Meat Animal and Poultry Research, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NILGS), 2 Ikenodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0901, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Murakami
- Division of Meat Animal and Poultry Research, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NILGS), 2 Ikenodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0901, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Ohtsu
- Division of Meat Animal and Poultry Research, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NILGS), 2 Ikenodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0901, Japan
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11
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Wang L, Feng X, Ye C, Wang C, Wang M. Shen Shuai II Recipe inhibits hypoxia-induced glycolysis by preserving mitochondrial dynamics to attenuate kidney fibrosis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 308:116271. [PMID: 36806483 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Shen Shuai II Recipe (SSR) is a traditional Chinese medicine prescription with significant clinical efficacy in chronic kidney disease (CKD) by invigorating Qi and resolving blood stasis, clearing away heat and dampness. Our previous studies demonstrated that SSR attenuated renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) by improving hypoxia and mitochondrial dysfunction. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to investigate the potential mechanisms of SSR against RIF. MATERIALS AND METHODS The CKD was established by 5/6 ablation/infarction (A/I) operation. After 4 weeks, rats were gavaged with SSR or Fenofibrate for 8 weeks. Hypoxia-treated NRK-52 E cells were treated with SSR and (or) glycolysis inhibitors, including GSK2837808 A (GSK) and 2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG). In addition, Drp1-deficient or MFP-M1-treated NRK-52 E cells were treated with SSR under hypoxic conditions. The effects of SSR on fibrotic phenotype, glycolysis, mitochondrial dynamics and membrane potential in hypoxia-exposed NRK-52 E cells were examined by immunoblotting, colorimetric, and fluorometric methods. Furthermore, we constructed a lactic acid-induced activation model of NRK-49 F cells and a co-culture system. The activation of NRK-49 F cells was evaluated by immunoblotting method. RESULTS Our findings indicated that SSR significantly attenuated abnormal glycolysis in vivo and in vitro, which was correlated with its renoprotective effect. Further studies revealed that improvement of mitochondrial dynamics could be one of the mechanisms by which SSR inhibits glycolysis to achieve anti-renal fibrosis. Furthermore, treatment with SSR significantly inhibited the lactic acid-induced activation of NRK-49 F cells. The co-culture results further highlighted that SSR inhibited activation of renal fibroblasts and deposition of extracellular matrix by reducing glycolysis in renal tubular cells. CONCLUSIONS SSR alleviates RIF by inhibiting hypoxia-induced glycolysis through improvement of mitochondrial dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingchen Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China; Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China; TCM Institute of Kidney Disease, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China.
| | - Xiaoxuan Feng
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China; Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China; TCM Institute of Kidney Disease, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China.
| | - Chaoyang Ye
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China; Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China; TCM Institute of Kidney Disease, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China.
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China; Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China; TCM Institute of Kidney Disease, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China.
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China; Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China; TCM Institute of Kidney Disease, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China.
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12
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Sun Z, Zou X, Bao M, Huang Z, Lou Y, Zhang Y, Huang P. Role of Ferroptosis in Fibrosis Diseases. Am J Med Sci 2023:S0002-9629(23)01174-6. [PMID: 37192694 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2023.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a pervasive non-apoptotic mode of cell death that is different from autophagy or necrosis. It is mainly caused by an imbalance between the production and degradation of lipid reactive oxygen species in cells. Several metabolic pathways and biochemical processes, such as amino acid and lipid metabolism, iron handling, and mitochondrial respiration, affect and regulate cell sensitivity to peroxidation and ferroptosis. Organ fibrosis, a pathological manifestation of several etiological conditions, leads to chronic tissue injury and is characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix components. Excessive tissue fibrosis can have diverse pathophysiological effects on several organ systems, eventually causing organ dysfunction and failure. The current manuscript provides a review that illustrates the link between ferroptosis and organ fibrosis and to better understand the underlying mechanisms. It provides novel potential therapeutic approaches and targets for fibrosis diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Sun
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaozhou Zou
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meihua Bao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhongjie Huang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yutao Lou
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Ping Huang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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13
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Putra IMWA, Fakhrudin N, Nurrochmad A, Wahyuono S. A Review of Medicinal Plants with Renoprotective Activity in Diabetic Nephropathy Animal Models. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020560. [PMID: 36836916 PMCID: PMC9963806 DOI: 10.3390/life13020560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN), also recognized as diabetic kidney disease, is a kidney malfunction caused by diabetes mellitus. A possible contributing factor to the onset of DN is hyperglycemia. Poorly regulated hyperglycemia can damage blood vessel clusters in the kidneys, leading to kidney damage. Its treatment is difficult and expensive because its causes are extremely complex and poorly understood. Extracts from medicinal plants can be an alternative treatment for DN. The bioactive content in medicinal plants inhibits the progression of DN. This work explores the renoprotective activity and possible mechanisms of various medicinal plant extracts administered to diabetic animal models. Research articles published from 2011 to 2022 were gathered from several databases including PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, and ScienceDirect to ensure up-to-date findings. Results showed that medicinal plant extracts ameliorated the progression of DN via the reduction in oxidative stress and suppression of inflammation, advanced glycation end-product formation, cell apoptosis, and tissue injury-related protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Made Wisnu Adhi Putra
- Department of Biology, University of Dhyana Pura, Badung 80351, Indonesia
- Doctorate Program of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Nanang Fakhrudin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
- Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
- Correspondence:
| | - Arief Nurrochmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Subagus Wahyuono
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
- Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
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14
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Afsar B, Afsar RE. Sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors and kidney fibrosis: review of the current evidence and related mechanisms. Pharmacol Rep 2023; 75:44-68. [PMID: 36534320 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-022-00442-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors (SGLT2i) are a new class of anti-diabetic drugs that have beneficial cardiovascular and renal effects. These drugs decrease proximal tubular glucose reabsorption and decrease blood glucose levels as a main anti-diabetic action. Furthermore, SGLT2i decreases glomerular hyperfiltration by a tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism. However, the renal benefits of these agents are independent of glucose-lowering and hemodynamic factors, and SGLT2i also impacts the kidney structure including kidney fibrosis. Renal fibrosis is a common pathway and pathological marker of virtually every type of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and amelioration of renal fibrosis is of utmost importance to reduce the progression of CKD. Recent studies have shown that SGLT2i impact many cellular processes including inflammation, hypoxia, oxidative stress, metabolic functions, and renin-angiotensin system (RAS) which all are related with kidney fibrosis. Indeed, most but not all studies showed that renal fibrosis was ameliorated by SGLT2i through the reduction of inflammation, hypoxia, oxidative stress, and RAS activation. In addition, less known effects on SGLT2i on klotho expression, capillary rarefaction, signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling and peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerase (Pin1) levels may partly explain the anti-fibrotic effects of SGLT2i in kidneys. It is important to remember that some studies have not shown any beneficial effects of SGLT2i on kidney fibrosis. Given this background, in the current review, we have summarized the studies and pathophysiologic aspects of SGL2 inhibition on renal fibrosis in various CKD models and tried to explain the potential reasons for contrasting findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baris Afsar
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Rengin Elsurer Afsar
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
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15
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Wang F, Wang S, Wang J, Huang K, Chen G, Peng Y, Liu C, Tao Y. Pharmacological mechanisms of Fuzheng Huayu formula for Aristolochic acid I-induced kidney fibrosis through network pharmacology. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1056865. [PMID: 36569327 PMCID: PMC9779930 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1056865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis, characterized by the destruction of renal tubules and interstitial capillaries and the accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins, is a common outcome of chronic renal diseases and has a wide spectrum of etiologies. Fibrosis can affect any organ and has similar pathological mechanisms. Fuzheng Huayu formula (FZHY), as the approved anti-liver fibrosis medicine in China, also can inhibit the kidney fibrosis induced by HgCl2 or unilateral ureteral obstruction. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of FZHY on renal fibrosis. This study aimed to identify the mechanisms of FZHY acts on renal fibrosis through network pharmacological analysis and in vivo experiments. Data from online databases were mined and screened to predict the target related genes of FZHY acts on renal fibrosis. The STRING and Cytoscape were used to construct the protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks for FZHY and CKD target proteins. Mouse models with CKD induced by Aristolochic Acid I (AAI) were used to validate the effects of FZHY on renal fibrosis and their underlying mechanisms by detecting kidney function, renal fibrosis, and related intersection genes. A total of 129 FZHY-CKD crossover proteins were filtered and constructed into a protein-protein interaction network complex and designated as the potential targets of FZHY. One of the highest-scoring genes, FOS, and its related signaling pathways were more activated in CKD. The results demonstrated that FZHY can exert an anti-renal fibrosis effect by improving the levels of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen and alleviating excessive collagen deposition in kidney tissue, FZHY also could reduce the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 and inhibit the expression of MAPK/FOS signal molecules. Our study findings provide insights into predicting the effects of FZHY on CKD through network pharmacology. FZHY can protect the kidney from inflammatory injury caused by AAI and can antagonize inflammatory factor-stimulated MAPK/FOS activation in fibrotic kidneys. These effects constitute the mechanisms of FZHY for renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wang
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gaofeng Chen
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Peng
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenghai Liu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China,Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Chenghai Liu, ; Yanyan Tao,
| | - Yanyan Tao
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China,Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Chenghai Liu, ; Yanyan Tao,
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16
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MicroRNA-10 Family Promotes the Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Renal Fibrosis by the PTEN/Akt Pathway. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:6059-6074. [PMID: 36547074 PMCID: PMC9776942 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44120413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis (RF) is a common reason for renal failure, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a vital mechanism that promotes the development of RF. It is known that microRNA-10 (miR-10) plays an important role in cancer EMT; however, whether it takes part in the EMT process of RF remains unclear. Therefore, we established an in vivo model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), and an in vitro model using TGF-β1, to investigate whether and how miR-10a and miR-10b take part in the EMT of RF. In addition, the combinatorial effects of miR-10a and miR-10b were assessed. We discovered that miR-10a and miR-10b are overexpressed in UUO mice, and miR-10a, miR-10b, and miRs-10a/10b knockout attenuated RF and EMT in UUO-treated mouse kidneys. Moreover, miR-10a and miR-10b overexpression combinatorially promoted RF and EMT in TGF-β1-treated HK-2 cells. Inhibiting miR-10a and miR-10b attenuated RF and EMT induced by TGF-β1. Mechanistically, miR-10a and miR-10b suppressed PTEN expression by binding to its mRNA3'-UTR and promoting the Akt pathway. Moreover, PTEN overexpression reduced miR-10a and miR-10b effects on Akt phosphorylation (p-Akt), RF, and EMT in HK-2 cells treated with TGF-β1. Taken together, miR-10a and miR-10b act combinatorially to negatively regulate PTEN, thereby activating the Akt pathway and promoting the EMT process, which exacerbates RF progression.
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Chen L, Ye Z, Wang D, Liu J, Wang Q, Wang C, Xu B, Gong X. Chuan Huang Fang combining reduced glutathione in treating acute kidney injury (grades 1–2) on chronic kidney disease (stages 2–4): A multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:969107. [PMID: 36263137 PMCID: PMC9573953 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.969107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lack of effective drugs for acute kidney injury (AKI) grades 1–2 is a crucial challenge in clinic. Our previously single-center clinical studies indicated Chuan Huang Fang (CHF) might have nephroprotection in AKI on chronic kidney disease (CKD) (A on C) patients by preventing oxidant damage and inhibiting inflammation. Reduced glutathione (RG) has recently been shown to increase the clinical effectiveness of high-flux hemodialysis among patients with severe AKI. In this multicenter randomized controlled clinical study, we designed a new protocol to assess the efficacy and safety of CHF combining RG in patients with A on C. We also explored therapeutic mechanisms from renal fibrosis biomarkers. 98 participants were randomly and equally divided into the RG and RG + CHF subgroups. The RG and RG + CHF groups received general treatments with RG and a combination of RG and CHF, respectively. The therapy lasted for 2 weeks. In this study, the primary assessment result was a difference in the slope of serum creatinine (Scr) over the course of 2 weeks. The secondary evaluation outcomes were alterations in blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid (UA), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urinary AKI biomarkers, renal fibrosis biomarkers (transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF)), and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) symptoms. Furthermore, vital signs and adverse events (AEs) were observed. Both groups had a slower renal function decline after treatment than before treatment. Compared with RG group, more reductions of Scr, BUN, UA, and better improvement of eGFR were observed in RG + CHF group (p < 0.05). Additionally, the levels of urinary AKI biomarkers, renal fibrosis biomarkers, and TCM syndromes were decreased in RG + CHF group versus RG group (p < 0.05). No significant between-group differences were observed of AEs. We thus concluded this novel therapy of CHF combining RG might be a useful method for treating A on C patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi Ye
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Danjun Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianlian Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Minhang Branch of Yueyang Hospital of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuezhong Gong
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xuezhong Gong,
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Ram C, Gairola S, Syed AM, Verma S, Mugale MN, Sahu BD. Carvacrol preserves antioxidant status and attenuates kidney fibrosis via modulation of TGF-β1/Smad signaling and inflammation. Food Funct 2022; 13:10587-10600. [PMID: 36156620 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01384c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) with diverse aetiologies is emerging as a challenging kidney disorder associated with inflammation and interstitial fibrosis. Carvacrol (CVL) is a bioactive monoterpenoid found abundantly in oregano, thyme, and bergamot, having diverse pharmacological benefits. However, the effect of CVL against fibrotic changes in the kidneys is poorly defined. In the current study, a robust mouse model of renal fibrosis induced through unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) is used to investigate the anti-fibrotic activity of CVL. The mice were treated with two different oral doses of CVL (25 mg kg-1 and 50 mg kg-1 body weight) for 14 consecutive days. The UUO induction resulted in impaired renal function, severe histological damage, and collagen deposition in the obstructed kidney. Our findings revealed profound activation of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and NF-κB (p65) signaling along with the downregulation of antioxidant proteins, nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the obstructed kidney. CVL administration markedly recovered antioxidant proteins and kidney histological changes. In addition, CVL blunted the NF-κB (p65) phosphorylation and reduced the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) compared to the UUO control group. CVL also alleviated the increased fibrotic protein levels of TGF-β1, pSmad2/3, collagen I, collagen III, fibronectin, and myofibroblast activation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, including alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), E-cadherin, and vimentin in the kidneys. Findings from in vitro study also confirmed that CVL inhibits the EMT process in TGF-β1 stimulated renal tubular epithelial cells (NRK 52E cells). Collectively, our findings indicate that CVL administration attenuates kidney fibrosis by targeting oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetan Ram
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India.
| | - Shobhit Gairola
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India.
| | - Abu Mohammad Syed
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India.
| | - Shobhit Verma
- Toxicology & Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Lucknow-226 031, India
| | - Madhav Nilakanth Mugale
- Toxicology & Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Lucknow-226 031, India
| | - Bidya Dhar Sahu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India.
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Fontana A, Cursaro I, Carullo G, Gemma S, Butini S, Campiani G. A Therapeutic Perspective of HDAC8 in Different Diseases: An Overview of Selective Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710014. [PMID: 36077415 PMCID: PMC9456347 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are epigenetic enzymes which participate in transcriptional repression and chromatin condensation mechanisms by removing the acetyl moiety from acetylated ε-amino group of histone lysines and other non-histone proteins. In recent years, HDAC8, a class I HDAC, has emerged as a promising target for different disorders, including X-linked intellectual disability, fibrotic diseases, cancer, and various neuropathological conditions. Selective HDAC8 targeting is required to limit side effects deriving from the treatment with pan-HDAC inhibitors (HDACis); thus, many endeavours have focused on the development of selective HDAC8is. In addition, polypharmacological approaches have been explored to achieve a synergistic action on multi-factorial diseases or to enhance the drug efficacy. In this frame, proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) might be regarded as a dual-targeting approach for attaining HDAC8 proteasomal degradation. This review highlights the most relevant and recent advances relative to HDAC8 validation in various diseases, providing a snapshot of the current selective HDAC8is, with a focus on polyfunctional modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Fontana
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Ilaria Cursaro
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Gabriele Carullo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Sandra Gemma
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Stefania Butini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-057-723-4161
| | - Giuseppe Campiani
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
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20
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HajiEsmailPoor Z, Tabnak P, Ahmadzadeh B, Ebrahimi SS, Faal B, Mashatan N. Role of hedgehog signaling related non-coding RNAs in developmental and pathological conditions. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113507. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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21
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Feng C, Wang Z, Liu C, Liu S, Wang Y, Zeng Y, Wang Q, Peng T, Pu X, Liu J. Integrated bioinformatical analysis, machine learning and in vitro experiment-identified m6A subtype, and predictive drug target signatures for diagnosing renal fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:909784. [PMID: 36120336 PMCID: PMC9470879 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.909784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal biopsy is the gold standard for defining renal fibrosis which causes calcium deposits in the kidneys. Persistent calcium deposition leads to kidney inflammation, cell necrosis, and is related to serious kidney diseases. However, it is invasive and involves the risk of complications such as bleeding, especially in patients with end-stage renal diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to identify specific diagnostic biomarkers for renal fibrosis. This study aimed to develop a predictive drug target signature to diagnose renal fibrosis based on m6A subtypes. We then performed an unsupervised consensus clustering analysis to identify three different m6A subtypes of renal fibrosis based on the expressions of 21 m6A regulators. We evaluated the immune infiltration characteristics and expression of canonical immune checkpoints and immune-related genes with distinct m6A modification patterns. Subsequently, we performed the WGCNA analysis using the expression data of 1,611 drug targets to identify 474 genes associated with the m6A modification. 92 overlapping drug targets between WGCNA and DEGs (renal fibrosis vs. normal samples) were defined as key drug targets. A five target gene predictive model was developed through the combination of LASSO regression and stepwise logistic regression (LASSO-SLR) to diagnose renal fibrosis. We further performed drug sensitivity analysis and extracellular matrix analysis on model genes. The ROC curve showed that the risk score (AUC = 0.863) performed well in diagnosing renal fibrosis in the training dataset. In addition, the external validation dataset further confirmed the outstanding predictive performance of the risk score (AUC = 0.755). These results indicate that the risk model has an excellent predictive performance for diagnosing the disease. Furthermore, our results show that this 5-target gene model is significantly associated with many drugs and extracellular matrix activities. Finally, the expression levels of both predictive signature genes EGR1 and PLA2G4A were validated in renal fibrosis and adjacent normal tissues by using qRT-PCR and Western blot method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiang Feng
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Guangzhou, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhixian Wang
- Department of Urology, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Urology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiliang Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zeng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Guangzhou, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianming Peng
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Guangzhou, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyong Pu
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Guangzhou, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoyong Pu, ; Jiumin Liu,
| | - Jiumin Liu
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Guangzhou, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoyong Pu, ; Jiumin Liu,
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22
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Tan W, Wang Y, Dai H, Deng J, Wu Z, Lin L, Yang J. Potential Therapeutic Strategies for Renal Fibrosis: Cordyceps and Related Products. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:932172. [PMID: 35873549 PMCID: PMC9304961 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.932172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, there is no effective drug for the treatment of renal fibrosis; in particular, a safe and effective treatment for renal fibrosis should be established. Cordyceps has several medical effects, including immunoregulatory, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects, and may prevent kidney, liver, and heart diseases. Cordyceps has also been reported to be effective in the treatment of renal fibrosis. In this paper, we review the potential mechanisms of Cordyceps against renal fibrosis, focusing on the effects of Cordyceps on inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, regulation of autophagy, reduction of extracellular matrix deposition, and fibroblast activation. We also discuss relevant published clinical trials and meta-analyses. Available clinical studies support the possibility that Cordyceps and related products provide benefits to patients with chronic kidney diseases as adjuvants to conventional drugs. However, the existing clinical studies are limited by low quality and significant heterogeneity. The use of Cordyceps and related products may be a potential strategy for the treatment of renal fibrosis. Randomized controlled trial studies with good methodological quality, favorable experimental design, and large sample size are needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Cordyceps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tan
- Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunyan Wang
- Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongmei Dai
- Nephrology, YunYang County People’s Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Junhui Deng
- Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhifen Wu
- Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lirong Lin
- Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jurong Yang
- Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Jurong Yang,
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23
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Liu XY, Zhang XB, Zhao YF, Qu K, Yu XY. Research Progress of Chinese Herbal Medicine Intervention in Renal Interstitial Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:900491. [PMID: 35770077 PMCID: PMC9235922 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.900491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney diseases usually cause renal interstitial fibrosis, the prevention, delay, and treatment of which is a global research hotspot. However, no definite treatment options are available in modern medicine. Chinese herbal medicine has a long history, rich varieties, and accurate treatment effects. Hitherto, many Chinese herbal medicine studies have emerged to improve renal interstitial fibrosis. This paper reviews the mechanisms of renal interstitial fibrosis and recent studies on the disease intervention with Chinese herbal medicine through literature search, intend to reveal the importance of Chinese herbal medicine in renal interstitial fibrosis. The results show that Chinese herbal medicine can improve renal interstitial fibrosis, and the effects of Chinese herbal medicine on specific pathological mechanisms underlying renal interstitial fibrosis have been explored. Additionally, the limitations and advantages of Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of renal interstitial fibrosis, possible research directions, and new targets of Chinese herbal medicine are discussed to provide a basis for studies of renal interstitial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yuan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, China
| | - Xu-Bin Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic, Xi’an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, China
| | - Ya-Feng Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, China
| | - Kai Qu
- Department of Nephrology, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Yong Yu,
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24
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Gao Z, Zhang C, Peng F, Chen Q, Zhao Y, Chen L, Wang X, Chen X. Hypoxic mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles ameliorate renal fibrosis after ischemia-reperfusion injure by restoring CPT1A mediated fatty acid oxidation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:191. [PMID: 35526054 PMCID: PMC9080148 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02861-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal fibrosis is a common pathological process of chronic kidney diseases induced by multiple factors. Hypoxic pretreatment of mesenchymal stem cells can enhance the efficacy of secreted extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) on various diseases, but it is not clear whether they can better improve renal fibrosis. The latest research showed that recovery of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) can reduce renal fibrosis. In this study, we aimed to examine whether hypoxic pretreatment with MSC extracellular vesicles (Hypo-EVs) can improve FAO to restore renal fibrosis and to investigate the underlying mechanism. METHODS Hypo-EVs were isolated from hypoxia-pretreated human placenta-derived MSC (hP-MSC), and Norm-EVs were isolated from hP-MSC cultured under normal conditions. We used ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-induced renal fibrosis model in vivo. The mice were injected with PBS, Hypo-EVs, or Norm-EVs immediately after the surgery and day 1 postsurgery. Renal function, kidney pathology, and renal fibrosis were assessed for kidney damage evaluation. For mechanistic exploration, fatty acid oxidation (FAO), mitochondrial morphological alterations, ATP production and mitochondrial mass proteins were detected in vivo. Mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were investigated in vitro. RESULTS We found that Hypo-EVs confer a superior therapeutic effect on recovery of renal structure damage, restoration of renal function and reduction in renal fibrosis. Meanwhile, Hypo-EVs enhanced mitochondrial FAO in kidney by restoring the expression of a FAO key rate-limiting enzyme carnitine palmitoyl-transferase 1A (CPT1A). Mechanistically, the improvement of mitochondrial homeostasis, characterized by repaired mitochondrial structure, restoration of mitochondrial mass and ATP production, inhibition of oxidative stress, and increased mitochondrial membrane potential, partially explains the effect of Hypo-EVs on improving mitochondrial FAO and thus attenuating I/R damage. CONCLUSIONS Hypo-EVs suppress the renal fibrosis by restoring CPT1A-mediated mitochondrial FAO, which effects may be achieved through regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis. Our findings provide further mechanism support for development cell-free therapy of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhumei Gao
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China.,Department of Nephropathy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chuyue Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China.,Kidney Research Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdou, China
| | - Fei Peng
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Qianqian Chen
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yinghua Zhao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Liangmei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China. .,Department of Nephropathy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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25
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Zhao Y, Guo C, Zeng L, Li J, Liu X, Wang Y, Zhao K, Chen B. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ameliorate Fibrosis by Enhancing Autophagy via Inhibiting Galectin-3/Akt/mTOR Pathway and by Alleviating the EMT via Inhibiting Galectin-3/Akt/GSK3β/Snail Pathway in NRK-52E Fibrosis. Int J Stem Cells 2022; 16:52-65. [PMID: 35483714 PMCID: PMC9978829 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc22014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Epithelial-Mesenchymal transition (EMT) is one of the origins of myofibroblasts in renal interstitial fibrosis. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) alleviating EMT has been proved, but the concrete mechanism is unclear. To explore the mechanism, serum-free MSCs conditioned medium (SF-MSCs-CM) was used to treat rat renal tubular epithelial cells (NRK-52E) fibrosis induced by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) which ameliorated EMT. Methods and Results Galectin-3 knockdown (Gal-3 KD) and overexpression (Gal-3 OE) lentiviral vectors were established and transfected into NRK-52E. NRK-52E fibrosis model was induced by TGF-β1 and treated with the SF-MSCs-CM for 24 h after modelling. Fibrosis and autophagy related indexes were detected by western blot and immunocytochemistry. In model group, the expressions of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), fibronectin (FN), Galectin-3, Snail, Kim-1, and the ratios of P-Akt/Akt, P-GSK3β/GSK3β, P-PI3K/PI3K, P-mTOR/mTOR, TIMP1/MMP9, and LC3B-II/I were obviously increased, and E-Cadherin (E-cad) and P62 decreased significantly compared with control group. SF-MSCs-CM showed an opposite trend after treatment compared with model group. Whether in Gal-3 KD or Gal-3 OE NRK-52E cells, SF-MSCs-CM also showed similar trends. However, the effects of anti-fibrosis and enhanced autophagy in Gal-3 KD cells were more obvious than those in Gal-3 OE cells. Conclusions SF-MSCs-CM probably alleviated the EMT via inhibiting Galectin-3/Akt/GSK3β/Snail pathway. Meanwhile, Gal-3 KD possibly enhanced autophagy via inhibiting Galectin-3/Akt/mTOR pathway, which synergistically ameliorated renal fibrosis. Targeting galectin-3 may be a potential target for the treatment of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China,Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chongqing University Fuling Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuan Guo
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lianlin Zeng
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jialing Li
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yiwei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Kun Zhao
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China,Correspondence to Bo Chen, Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, No.1, Section 1, Lingxiang Road, Matan Long District, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China, Tel: +86-08303160545, E-mail: ,
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26
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Hsieh YH, Tsai JP, Ting YH, Hung TW, Chao WW. Rosmarinic acid ameliorates renal interstitial fibrosis by inhibiting the phosphorylated-AKT mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition in vitro and in vivo. Food Funct 2022; 13:4641-4652. [PMID: 35373225 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00204c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Indoxyl sulfate (IS), a uremic toxin, causes chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression via renal fibrosis. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a crucial feature of renal fibrosis. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is an ester of caffeic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid with a wide range of desirable biological activities. In this study, we investigated whether RA exerted anti-renal fibrosis effects and its related mechanisms in a unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mouse model. C57BL/6 mice were orally administered RA (10 and 20 mg kg-1 d-1) for 7 consecutive days before and after UUO surgery. The mice were then sacrificed to collect the blood and kidneys. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson's trichrome staining were used to evaluate the renal injury and function. Immunohistochemical analysis, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and western blotting were used to detect the expression levels of EMT markers. In vitro studies were performed using the IS-stimulated NRK-52E cell line. Here, the pathological changes, collagen deposition, and mRNA and protein expression levels of profibrotic factors and fibrotic markers were found to be significantly elevated in the kidneys of UUO mice. We found that RA administration significantly ameliorated UUO-induced kidney damage by reversing abnormal serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels. It was found that RA treatment decreased the expression levels of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen I, fibronectin, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, vimentin and phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT) while increasing the E-cadherin expression in both UUO kidneys and IS-treated NRK-52E cells. Our results demonstrate that RA may be a promising therapeutic agent for renal interstitial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsien Hsieh
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Pi Tsai
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Ting
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Wei Hung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wan Chao
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Kainan University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Molecular Mechanisms of Kidney Injury and Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031542. [PMID: 35163470 PMCID: PMC8835923 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) will become the fifth global cause of death by 2040, thus emphasizing the need to better understand the molecular mechanisms of damage and regeneration in the kidney. CKD predisposes to acute kidney injury (AKI) which, in turn, promotes CKD progression. This implies that CKD or the AKI-to-CKD transition are associated with dysfunctional kidney repair mechanisms. Current therapeutic options slow CKD progression but fail to treat or accelerate recovery from AKI and are unable to promote kidney regeneration. Unraveling the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in kidney injury and repair, including the failure of this process, may provide novel biomarkers and therapeutic tools. We now review the contribution of different molecular and cellular events to the AKI-to-CKD transition, focusing on the role of macrophages in kidney injury, the different forms of regulated cell death and necroinflammation, cellular senescence and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SAPS), polyploidization, and podocyte injury and activation of parietal epithelial cells. Next, we discuss key contributors to repair of kidney injury and opportunities for their therapeutic manipulation, with a focus on resident renal progenitor cells, stem cells and their reparative secretome, certain macrophage subphenotypes within the M2 phenotype and senescent cell clearance.
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28
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Schick MA, Schlegel N. Clinical Implication of Phosphodiesterase-4-Inhibition. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031209. [PMID: 35163131 PMCID: PMC8835523 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The pleiotropic function of 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent pathways in health and disease led to the development of pharmacological phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDE-I) to attenuate cAMP degradation. While there are many isotypes of PDE, a predominant role of PDE4 is to regulate fundamental functions, including endothelial and epithelial barrier stability, modulation of inflammatory responses and cognitive and/or mood functions. This makes the use of PDE4-I an interesting tool for various therapeutic approaches. However, due to the presence of PDE4 in many tissues, there is a significant danger for serious side effects. Based on this, the aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the approaches and effects of PDE4-I for different therapeutic applications. In summary, despite many obstacles to use of PDE4-I for different therapeutic approaches, the current data warrant future research to utilize the therapeutic potential of phosphodiesterase 4 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Alexander Schick
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Nicolas Schlegel
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany;
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29
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Zhao W, Zhou L, Novák P, Shi X, Lin CB, Zhu X, Yin K. Metabolic Dysfunction in the Regulation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation: A Potential Target for Diabetic Nephropathy. J Diabetes Res 2022; 2022:2193768. [PMID: 35719709 PMCID: PMC9203236 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2193768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction plays a key role in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, the exact effects and mechanisms are still unclear. The pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, a member of the nod-like receptor family, is considered a crucial inflammatory regulator and plays important roles in the progress of DN. A growing body of evidence suggests that high glucose, high fat, or other metabolite disorders can abnormally activate the NLRP3 inflammasome. Thus, in this review, we discuss the potential function of abnormal metabolites such as saturated fatty acids (SFAs), cholesterol crystals, uric acid (UA), and homocysteine in the NLRP3 inflammasome activation and explain the potential function of metabolic dysfunction regulation of NLRP3 activation in the progress of DN via regulation of inflammatory response and renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF). In addition, the potential mechanisms of metabolism-related drugs, such as metformin and sodium glucose cotransporter (SGLT2) inhibitors, which have served as the suppressors of the NLRP3 inflammasomes, in DN, are also discussed. A better understanding of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in abnormal metabolic microenvironment may provide new insights for the prevention and treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, China
| | - Le Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Petr Novák
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Xian Shi
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Chuang Biao Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiao Zhu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Kai Yin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, China
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