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Zhou J, Wang T, Zhang H, Liu J, Wei P, Xu R, Yan Q, Chen G, Li W, Gao SJ, Lu C. KSHV vIL-6 promotes SIRT3-induced deacetylation of SERBP1 to inhibit ferroptosis and enhance cellular transformation by inducing lipoyltransferase 2 mRNA degradation. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012082. [PMID: 38470932 PMCID: PMC10959363 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a defensive strategy commonly employed by the host cells to restrict pathogenic infections, has been implicated in the development and therapeutic responses of various types of cancer. However, the role of ferroptosis in oncogenic Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV)-induced cancers remains elusive. While a growing number of non-histone proteins have been identified as acetylation targets, the functions of these modifications have yet to be revealed. Here, we show KSHV reprogramming of host acetylation proteomics following cellular transformation of rat primary mesenchymal precursor. Among them, SERPINE1 mRNA binding protein 1 (SERBP1) deacetylation is increased and required for KSHV-induced cellular transformation. Mechanistically, KSHV-encoded viral interleukin-6 (vIL-6) promotes SIRT3 deacetylation of SERBP1, preventing its binding to and protection of lipoyltransferase 2 (Lipt2) mRNA from mRNA degradation resulting in ferroptosis. Consequently, a SIRT3-specific inhibitor, 3-TYP, suppresses KSHV-induced cellular transformation by inducing ferroptosis. Our findings unveil novel roles of vIL-6 and SERBP1 deacetylation in regulating ferroptosis and KSHV-induced cellular transformation, and establish the vIL-6-SIRT3-SERBP1-ferroptosis pathways as a potential new therapeutic target for KSHV-associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianjiao Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianhong Liu
- Department of Pathology, Changzhou Third People’s Hospital, Changzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengjun Wei
- Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruoqi Xu
- Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin Yan
- Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guochun Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Changzhou Third People’s Hospital, Changzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wan Li
- Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shou-Jiang Gao
- Tumor Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, and Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Chun Lu
- Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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Hushpulian DM, Kaidery NA, Dutta D, Sharma SM, Gazaryan I, Thomas B. Emerging small molecule inhibitors of Bach1 as therapeutic agents: Rationale, recent advances, and future perspectives. Bioessays 2024; 46:e2300176. [PMID: 37919861 PMCID: PMC11260292 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202300176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor Nrf2 is the master regulator of cellular stress response, facilitating the expression of cytoprotective genes, including those responsible for drug detoxification, immunomodulation, and iron metabolism. FDA-approved Nrf2 activators, Tecfidera and Skyclarys for patients with multiple sclerosis and Friedreich's ataxia, respectively, are non-specific alkylating agents exerting side effects. Nrf2 is under feedback regulation through its target gene, transcriptional repressor Bach1. Specifically, in Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases with Bach1 dysregulation, excessive Bach1 accumulation interferes with Nrf2 activation. Bach1 is a heme sensor protein, which, upon heme binding, is targeted for proteasomal degradation, relieving the repression of Nrf2 target genes. Ideally, a combination of Nrf2 stabilization and Bach1 inhibition is necessary to achieve the full therapeutic benefits of Nrf2 activation. Here, we discuss recent advances and future perspectives in developing small molecule inhibitors of Bach1, highlighting the significance of the Bach1/Nrf2 signaling pathway as a promising neurotherapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry M. Hushpulian
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnologies, Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
- A.N.Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninski prospect 33, Moscow, Russia
| | - Navneet Ammal Kaidery
- Darby Children’s Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Debashis Dutta
- Darby Children’s Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Sudarshana M. Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Irina Gazaryan
- Department of Chemical Enzymology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Chemistry and Physical Sciences, Dyson College of Arts and Sciences, Pace University, 861 Bedford Road, Pleasantville, NY, USA
| | - Bobby Thomas
- Darby Children’s Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Drug Discovery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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Cheng LT, Tan GYT, Chang FP, Wang CK, Chou YC, Hsu PH, Hwang-Verslues WW. Core clock gene BMAL1 and RNA-binding protein MEX3A collaboratively regulate Lgr5 expression in intestinal crypt cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17597. [PMID: 37845346 PMCID: PMC10579233 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44997-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium is highly regenerative. Rapidly proliferating LGR5+ crypt base columnar (CBC) cells are responsible for epithelial turnover needed to maintain intestinal homeostasis. Upon tissue damage, loss of LGR5+ CBCs can be compensated by activation of quiescent +4 intestinal stem cells (ISCs) or early progenitor cells to restore intestinal regeneration. LGR5+ CBC self-renewal and ISC conversion to LGR5+ cells are regulated by external signals originating from the ISC niche. In contrast, little is known about intrinsic regulatory mechanisms critical for maintenance of LGR5+ CBC homeostasis. We found that LGR5 expression in intestinal crypt cells is controlled by the circadian core clock gene BMAL1 and the BMAL1-regulated RNA-binding protein MEX3A. BMAL1 directly activated transcription of Mex3a. MEX3A in turn bound to and stabilized Lgr5 mRNA. Bmal1 depletion reduced Mex3a and Lgr5 expression and led to increased ferroptosis, which consequently decreased LGR5+ CBC numbers and increased the number of crypt cells expressing +4 ISC marker BMI1. Together, these findings reveal a BMAL1-centered intrinsic regulatory pathway that maintains LGR5 expression in the crypt cells and suggest a potential mechanism contributing to ISC homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Tzu Cheng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Grace Y T Tan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Pei Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Kai Wang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Chou
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pang-Hung Hsu
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Wendy W Hwang-Verslues
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
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Won JP, Kim E, Hur J, Lee HG, Lee WJ, Seo HG. Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) extract inhibits ferroptotic cell death by modulating cellular iron homeostasis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 308:116267. [PMID: 36796742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is a traditional Chinese medicine and use as herbal medicine which has the effects of regulating menopausal symptoms, heart problem, inflammatory disease, psoriasis and cognitive deficits. In previous reported, the studies of red clover were mainly focused on clinical practice. the pharmacological functions of red clover not fully elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY To identify the molecules that regulate ferroptosis, we examined whether red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) extracts (RCE) affected ferroptosis induced by chemical treatment or cystine/glutamate antiporter (xCT) deficiency. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cellular models for ferroptosis were induced by erastin/Ras-selectiv lethal 3 (RSL3) treatment or xCT deficiency in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Intracellular iron and peroxidized lipid levels were determined using Calcein-AM and BODIPY-C11 fluorescence dyes, respectively. Protein and mRNA were quantified by Western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction, respectively. RNA sequencing analysis was performed on xCT-/- MEFs. RESULTS RCE significantly suppressed ferroptosis induced by both erastin/RSL3 treatment and xCT deficiency. The anti-ferroptotic effects of RCE correlated to ferroptotic phenotypic changes such as cellular iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation in cellular ferroptosis models. Importantly, RCE affected levels of iron metabolism-related proteins including iron regulatory protein 1, ferroportin 1 (FPN1), divalent metal transporter 1, and transferrin receptor. RNA sequencing analysis of xCT-/- MEFs identified that expression of cellular defense genes was upregulated, while expression of cell death-related genes was downregulated, by RCE. CONCLUSION RCE potently suppressed ferroptosis triggered both by erastin/RSL3 treatment and xCT deficiency by modulating cellular iron homeostasis. This is the first report that RCE has therapeutic potential in diseases associated with ferroptotic cell death, particularly ferroptosis induced by dysregulation of cellular iron metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Pil Won
- College of Sang-Huh Life Sciences, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, South Korea.
| | - Eunsu Kim
- College of Sang-Huh Life Sciences, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Jinwoo Hur
- College of Sang-Huh Life Sciences, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Hyuk Gyoon Lee
- College of Sang-Huh Life Sciences, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Won Jin Lee
- College of Sang-Huh Life Sciences, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Han Geuk Seo
- College of Sang-Huh Life Sciences, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, South Korea.
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Miao M, Wang X, Liu T, Li YJ, Yu WQ, Yang TM, Guo SD. Targeting PPARs for therapy of atherosclerosis: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125008. [PMID: 37217063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a chief pathogenic factor of cardiovascular disease, is associated with many factors including inflammation, dyslipidemia, and oxidative stress. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors and are widely expressed with tissue- and cell-specificity. They control multiple genes that are involved in lipid metabolism, inflammatory response, and redox homeostasis. Given the diverse biological functions of PPARs, they have been extensively studied since their discovery in 1990s. Although controversies exist, accumulating evidence have demonstrated that PPAR activation attenuates atherosclerosis. Recent advances are valuable for understanding the mechanisms of action of PPAR activation. This article reviews the recent findings, mainly from the year of 2018 to present, including endogenous molecules in regulation of PPARs, roles of PPARs in atherosclerosis by focusing on lipid metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress, and synthesized PPAR modulators. This article provides information valuable for researchers in the field of basic cardiovascular research, for pharmacologists that are interested in developing novel PPAR agonists and antagonists with lower side effects as well as for clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Miao
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Tian Liu
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Yan-Jie Li
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Wen-Qian Yu
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Tong-Mei Yang
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Shou-Dong Guo
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
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Zhang LL, Tang RJ, Yang YJ. The underlying pathological mechanism of ferroptosis in the development of cardiovascular disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:964034. [PMID: 36003910 PMCID: PMC9393259 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.964034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have been attracting the attention of academic society for decades. Numerous researchers contributed to figuring out the core mechanisms underlying CVDs. Among those, pathological decompensated cellular loss posed by cell death in different kinds, namely necrosis, apoptosis and necroptosis, was widely regarded to accelerate the pathological development of most heart diseases and deteriorate cardiac function. Recently, apart from programmed cell death revealed previously, ferroptosis, a brand-new cellular death identified by its ferrous-iron-dependent manner, has been demonstrated to govern the occurrence and development of different cardiovascular disorders in many types of research as well. Therefore, clarifying the regulatory function of ferroptosis is conducive to finding out strategies for cardio-protection in different conditions and improving the prognosis of CVDs. Here, molecular mechanisms concerned are summarized systematically and categorized to depict the regulatory network of ferroptosis and point out potential therapeutic targets for diverse cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rui-Jie Tang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yue-Jin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yue-Jin Yang,
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7
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Xing G, Meng L, Cao S, Liu S, Wu J, Li Q, Huang W, Zhang L. PPARα alleviates iron overload-induced ferroptosis in mouse liver. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e52280. [PMID: 35703725 PMCID: PMC9346473 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202052280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an iron‐dependent form of non‐apoptotic cell death implicated in liver, brain, kidney, and heart pathology. How ferroptosis is regulated remains poorly understood. Here, we show that PPARα suppresses ferroptosis by promoting the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4) and by inhibiting the expression of the plasma iron carrier TRF. PPARα directly induces Gpx4 expression by binding to a PPRE element within intron 3. PPARα knockout mice develop more severe iron accumulation and ferroptosis in the liver when fed a high‐iron diet than wild‐type mice. Ferrous iron (Fe2+) triggers ferroptosis via Fenton reactions and ROS accumulation. We further find that a rhodamine‐based "turn‐on" fluorescent probe(probe1) is suitable for the in vivo detection of Fe2+. Probe1 displays high selectivity towards Fe2+, and exhibits a stable response for Fe2+ with a concentration of 20 μM in tissue. Our data thus show that PPARα activation alleviates iron overload‐induced ferroptosis in mouse livers through Gpx4 and TRF, suggesting that PPARα may be a promising therapeutic target for drug discovery in ferroptosis‐related tissue injuries. Moreover, we identified a fluorescent probe that specifically labels ferrous ions and can be used to monitor Fe2+in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Xing
- College of Veterinary Medicine/College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Lihua Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine/College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiyao Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine/College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shenghui Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine/College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiayan Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine/College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Wendong Huang
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Lisheng Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine/College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
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Tan S, Kong Y, Xian Y, Gao P, Xu Y, Wei C, Lin P, Ye W, Li Z, Zhu X. The Mechanisms of Ferroptosis and the Applications in Tumor Treatment: Enemies or Friends? Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:938677. [PMID: 35911967 PMCID: PMC9334798 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.938677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis, as a newly discovered non-apoptotic cell death mode, is beginning to be explored in different cancer. The particularity of ferroptosis lies in the accumulation of iron dependence and lipid peroxides, and it is different from the classical cell death modes such as apoptosis and necrosis in terms of action mode, biochemical characteristics, and genetics. The mechanism of ferroptosis can be divided into many different pathways, so it is particularly important to identify the key sites of ferroptosis in the disease. Herein, based on ferroptosis, we analyze the main pathways in detail. More importantly, ferroptosis is linked to the development of different systems of the tumor, providing personalized plans for the examination, treatment, and prognosis of cancer patients. Although some mechanisms and side effects of ferroptosis still need to be studied, it is still a promising method for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzheng Tan
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biological Engineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Kong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hubei No.3 People’s Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongtong Xian
- Computational Oncology Laboratory, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Pengbo Gao
- Computational Oncology Laboratory, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yue Xu
- Computational Oncology Laboratory, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Chuzhong Wei
- Computational Oncology Laboratory, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Peixu Lin
- Computational Oncology Laboratory, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Weilong Ye
- Computational Oncology Laboratory, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zesong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Tumor, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital (Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine), Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Zesong Li, ; Xiao Zhu,
| | - Xiao Zhu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biological Engineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zesong Li, ; Xiao Zhu,
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Lee WJ, Lee HG, Hur J, Lee GH, Won JP, Kim E, Hwang JS, Seo HG. PPARδ Activation Mitigates 6-OHDA-Induced Neuronal Damage by Regulating Intracellular Iron Levels. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050810. [PMID: 35624674 PMCID: PMC9137940 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular iron accumulation in dopaminergic neurons contributes to neuronal cell death in progressive neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease. However, the mechanisms of iron homeostasis in this context remain incompletely understood. In the present study, we assessed the role of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ) in cellular iron homeostasis. We identified that PPARδ inhibited 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-triggered neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. PPARδ activation with GW501516, a specific PPARδ agonist, mitigated 6-OHDA-induced neuronal damage. Further, PPARδ activation also suppressed iron accumulation, which contributes to 6-OHDA-induced neuronal damage. PPARδ activation attenuated 6-OHDA-induced neuronal damage in a similar manner to that of the iron chelator deferoxamine. We further elucidated that PPARδ modulated cellular iron homeostasis by regulating expression of divalent metal transporter 1, ferroportin 1, and ferritin, but not transferrin receptor 1, through iron regulatory protein 1 in 6-OHDA-treated cells. Interestingly, PPARδ activation suppressed 6-OHDA-triggered generation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxides. The effects of GW501516 were abrogated by shRNA knockdown of PPARδ, indicating that the effects of GW501516 were PPARδ-dependent. Taken together, these findings suggest that PPARδ attenuates 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity by preventing intracellular iron accumulation, thereby suppressing iron overload-associated generation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxides, key mediators of ferroptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Han Geuk Seo
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-450-0428; Fax: +82-2-455-1044
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Superoxide Radicals in the Execution of Cell Death. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030501. [PMID: 35326151 PMCID: PMC8944419 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Superoxide is a primary oxygen radical that is produced when an oxygen molecule receives one electron. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) plays a primary role in the cellular defense against an oxidative insult by ROS. However, the resulting hydrogen peroxide is still reactive and, in the presence of free ferrous iron, may produce hydroxyl radicals and exacerbate diseases. Polyunsaturated fatty acids are the preferred target of hydroxyl radicals. Ferroptosis, a type of necrotic cell death induced by lipid peroxides in the presence of free iron, has attracted considerable interest because of its role in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Radical electrons, namely those released from mitochondrial electron transfer complexes, and those produced by enzymatic reactions, such as lipoxygenases, appear to cause lipid peroxidation. While GPX4 is the most potent anti-ferroptotic enzyme that is known to reduce lipid peroxides to alcohols, other antioxidative enzymes are also indirectly involved in protection against ferroptosis. Moreover, several low molecular weight compounds that include α-tocopherol, ascorbate, and nitric oxide also efficiently neutralize radical electrons, thereby suppressing ferroptosis. The removal of radical electrons in the early stages is of primary importance in protecting against ferroptosis and other diseases that are related to oxidative stress.
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