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Chandran S, Gibson KE. Utilizing Zebrafish Embryos for Replication of Tulane Virus: A Human Norovirus Surrogate. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2024:10.1007/s12560-024-09610-6. [PMID: 39179704 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-024-09610-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
The zebrafish larvae/embryo model has been shown to support the replication of seven strains (G1.7[P7], GII.2[P16], GII.3[P16], GII.4[P4], GII.4[P16], GII.6[P7], and GII.17[P13]) of human norovirus (HuNoV). However, due to challenges in consistently obtaining HuNoV-positive stool samples from clinical sources, evaluating HuNoV surrogates in this model is highly valuable. This study assesses the potential of zebrafish embryos and larvae as a model for Tulane virus (TuV) replication. Three infection methods were examined: microinjection, immersion, and feeding. Droplet digital PCR was used to quantify viral RNA across all three infection methods. Microinjection of 3 nL of TuV into zebrafish embryos (< 6-h post-fertilization) resulted in significant replication, with viral RNA levels reaching 6.22 logs at 4-day post-infection. In contrast, the immersion method showed no replication after immersing 4-day post-fertilization (dpf) larvae in TuV suspension for 6 h. Similarly, no replication was observed with the feeding method, where Paramecium caudatum loaded with TuV were fed to 4 dpf larvae. The findings indicate that the zebrafish embryo model supports TuV replication through the microinjection method, suggesting that TuV may serve as a useful surrogate for studying HuNoV pathogenesis. Additionally, TuV can be utilized in place of HuNoV in method optimization studies using the zebrafish embryo model, circumventing the limited availability of HuNoV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahaana Chandran
- Department of Food Science, Center for Food Safety, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR, 72704, USA
| | - Kristen E Gibson
- Department of Food Science, Center for Food Safety, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR, 72704, USA.
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Charlie-Silva I, Feitosa NM, Pontes LG, Fernandes BH, Nóbrega RH, Gomes JMM, Prata MNL, Ferraris FK, Melo DC, Conde G, Rodrigues LF, Aracati MF, Corrêa-Junior JD, Manrique WG, Superio J, Garcez AS, Conceição K, Yoshimura TM, Núñez SC, Eto SF, Fernandes DC, Freitas AZ, Ribeiro MS, Nedoluzhko A, Lopes-Ferreira M, Borra RC, Barcellos LJG, Perez AC, Malafaia G, Cunha TM, Belo MAA, Galindo-Villegas J. Plasma proteome responses in zebrafish following λ-carrageenan-Induced inflammation are mediated by PMN leukocytes and correlate highly with their human counterparts. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1019201. [PMID: 36248846 PMCID: PMC9559376 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1019201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of inflammation is a critical process for maintaining physiological homeostasis. The λ-carrageenan (λ-CGN) is a mucopolysaccharide extracted from the cell wall of red algae (Chondrus crispus) capable of inducing acute intestinal inflammation, which is translated into the production of acute phase reactants secreted into the blood circulation. However, the associated mechanisms in vertebrates are not well understood. Here, we investigated the crucial factors behind the inflammatory milieu of λ-CGN-mediated inflammation administered at 0, 1.75, and 3.5% (v/w) by i.p. injection into the peritoneal cavity of adult zebrafish (ZF) (Danio rerio). We found that polymorphonuclear leukocytes (neutrophils) and lymphocytes infiltrating the ZF peritoneal cavity had short-term persistence. Nevertheless, they generate a strong pattern of inflammation that affects systemically and is enough to produce edema in the cavity. Consistent with these findings, cell infiltration, which causes notable tissue changes, resulted in the overexpression of several acute inflammatory markers at the protein level. Using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography followed by a hybrid linear ion-trap mass spectrometry shotgun proteomic approach, we identified 2938 plasma proteins among the animals injected with PBS and 3.5% λ-CGN. First, the bioinformatic analysis revealed the composition of the plasma proteome. Interestingly, 72 commonly expressed proteins were recorded among the treated and control groups, but, surprisingly, 2830 novel proteins were differentially expressed exclusively in the λ-CGN-induced group. Furthermore, from the commonly expressed proteins, compared to the control group 62 proteins got a significant (p < 0.05) upregulation in the λ-CGN-treated group, while the remaining ten proteins were downregulated. Next, we obtained the major protein-protein interaction networks between hub protein clusters in the blood plasma of the λ-CGN induced group. Moreover, to understand the molecular underpinnings of these effects based on the unveiled protein sets, we performed a bioinformatic structural similarity analysis and generated overlapping 3D reconstructions between ZF and humans during acute inflammation. Biological pathway analysis pointed to the activation and abundance of diverse classical immune and acute phase reactants, several catalytic enzymes, and varied proteins supporting the immune response. Together, this information can be used for testing and finding novel pharmacological targets to treat human intestinal inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natália M. Feitosa
- Integrated Laboratory of Translational Bioscience, Institute of Biodiversity and Sustainability, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, Brazil
| | | | - Bianca H. Fernandes
- Laboratório de Controle Genético e Sanitário, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael H. Nóbrega
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana M. M. Gomes
- Transplantation Immunobiology Lab, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana N. L. Prata
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto de CiênciasBiomédicas-Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (ICB-UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fausto K. Ferraris
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniela C. Melo
- Laboratory of Zebrafish from Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Conde
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Letícia F. Rodrigues
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mayumi F. Aracati
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José D. Corrêa-Junior
- Department of Morphology, Instituto de CiênciasBiomédicas-Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (ICB-UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Wilson G. Manrique
- Veterinary College, Federal University of Rondonia, Rolim de Moura, Brazil
| | - Joshua Superio
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | | | - Katia Conceição
- Peptide Biochemistry Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Tania M. Yoshimura
- Center for Lasers and Applications, Instituto de PesquisasEnergéticas e Nucleares (IPEN-CNEN), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia C. Núñez
- University Brazil, São Paulo, Brazil
- University Brazil, Descalvado, Brazil
| | - Silas F. Eto
- Development and Innovation Laboratory, Center of Innovation and Development, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dayanne C. Fernandes
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anderson Z. Freitas
- Center for Lasers and Applications, Instituto de PesquisasEnergéticas e Nucleares (IPEN-CNEN), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Martha S. Ribeiro
- Center for Lasers and Applications, Instituto de PesquisasEnergéticas e Nucleares (IPEN-CNEN), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Artem Nedoluzhko
- Paleogenomics Laboratory, European University at Saint Petersburg, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Ricardo C. Borra
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo J. G. Barcellos
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Bioexperimentation. University of Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Andrea C. Perez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Guilheme Malafaia
- Biological Research Laboratory, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí, Brazil
| | - Thiago M. Cunha
- Center of Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco A. A. Belo
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
- University Brazil, São Paulo, Brazil
- University Brazil, Descalvado, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Marco A. A. Belo, ; Jorge Galindo-Villegas,
| | - Jorge Galindo-Villegas
- Department of Genomics, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
- *Correspondence: Marco A. A. Belo, ; Jorge Galindo-Villegas,
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