Comparison of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity between single-dose and split-dose administration to rats

Polyamine Catabolism and Its Role in Renal Injury and Fibrosis in Mice Subjected to Repeated Low-Dose Cisplatin Treatment

Cisplatin, a chemotherapeutic agent, can cause nephrotoxic and ototoxic injuries. Using a mouse model of repeated low dose cisplatin (RLDC), we compared the kidneys of cisplatin- and vehicle-treated mice on days 3 (early injury phase) and 35 (late injury/recovery phase) after the final treatment. RNA-seq analyses revealed increases in the expression of markers of kidney injury (e.g., lipocalin 2 and kidney injury molecule 1) and fibrosis (e.g., collagen 1, fibronectin, and vimentin 1) in RLDC mice. In addition, we observed increased expression of polyamine catabolic enzymes (spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase, Sat1, and spermine oxidase, Smox) and decreased expression of ornithine decarboxylase (Odc1), a rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine synthesis in mice subjected to RLDC. Upon confirmation of the RNA-seq results, we tested the hypothesis that enhanced polyamine catabolism contributes to the onset of renal injury and development of fibrosis. To test our hypothesis, we compared the severity of RLDC-induced renal injury and fibrosis in wildtype (WT), Sat1-KO, and Smox-KO mice. Our results suggest that the ablation of polyamine catabolic enzymes reduces the severity of renal injury and that modulation of the activity of these enzymes may protect against kidney damage and fibrosis caused by cisplatin treatment.

Cisplatin and oleanolic acid Co-loaded pH-sensitive CaCO3 nanoparticles for synergistic chemotherapy

Despite being one of the most potent anticancer agents, cisplatin (CDDP) clinical usage is limited owing to the acquired resistance and severe adverse effects including nephrotoxicity. The current work has offered a unique approach by designing a pH-sensitive calcium carbonate drug delivery system for CDDP and oleanolic acid (OA) co-delivery, with an enhanced tumor efficacy and reduced unwanted effects. Micro emulsion method was employed to generate calcium carbonate cores (CDDP encapsulated) followed by lipid coating along with the OA loading resulting in the generation of lipid-coated cisplatin/oleanolic acid calcium carbonate nanoparticles (CDDP/OA-LCC NPs). In vitro biological assays confirmed the synergistic apoptotic effect of CDDP and OA against HepG2 cells. It was further verified in vivo through the tumor-bearing nude mice model where NPs exhibited enhanced satisfactory antitumor efficacy in contrast to free drug solutions. In vivo pharmacokinetic study demonstrated that a remarkable long circulation time with a constant therapeutic concentration for both drugs could be achieved via this drug delivery system. In addition, the in vivo imaging study revealed that DiR-loaded NPs were concentrated more in tumors for a longer period of time as compared to other peritoneal tissues in tumor bearing mice, demonstrating the site specificity of the delivery system. On the other hand, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of Kunming mice kidney tissue sections revealed that OA greatly reduced CDDP induced nephrotoxicity in the formulation. Overall, these results confirmed that our pH-sensitive dual loaded drug delivery system offers a handy direction for effective and safer combination chemotherapy.

The optimum inhibitory effects of Alpha Interferon and Cisplatin in colon cancer, a comparative in vitro study

Cisplatin is well known as a potent anti-cancer agent against colon cancer. However, alpha interferons are also widely used for cancer suppression. This in vitro study was designed to investigate and compare the cancer suppression function of alpha interferon in colon cancer with Cisplatin. The analysis used a human SW 480 cancer cell line with RPMI-1630 culture media. Six dilutions of interferon (2.5 μg/ml, 1.25 μg/ml, 0.562 μg/ml, 0.286 μg/ml, 0.143 μg/ml, and 0.057 μg/ml) and six dilutions of cisplatin (100 μg/ml, 50 μg/ml, 25 μg/ml, 6.25 μg/ml, and 3.125) were used at 24, 48 and 72 hours along with the presence of control groups. Following this, results were observed by ELISA plate reader, and percentage inhibition was calculated using ANOVA analysis. The interferon and cisplatin percentage of inhibition was comparable with higher inhibition rates observed with alpha interferon. The statistical analysis showed that the maximum inhibition was observed at a 0.143 μg/ml interferon concentration when exposed for 48 to 72 hours. This in vitro analysis demonstrated the anti-cancer activity of alpha interferon and its advanced inhibitory activity compared to Cisplatin.