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Bao Y, Hu SN, Song ZJ, Shen HJ, Zhong WL, Du SY. Chinese medicine Di-long (Pheretima vulgaris) and its active fraction exhibit anti-rheumatoid arthritis effects by inhibiting CXCL10/CXCR3 chemotaxis in synovium. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 332:118286. [PMID: 38723919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Di-Long (Pheretima vulgaris) is a classic animal sourced traditional Chinese medicine. It has been used for the treatment of joint inflammation and arthralgia for over two thousand years due to its effects of Tong-Luo-Zhi-Tong (dredging collaterals and alleviating pain). Our previous study showed that Chinese medicine Di-Long has significant anti-rheumatoid arthritis (RA) effects. AIM OF THE STUDY Considering Di-Long as a potential source of active compounds with specific anti-RA therapeutic effects, this research was to obtain the anti-RA target-specific active fraction from Di-Long extracts (DL), and to further explore the chemical basis and verify the anti-RA mechanism of this active fraction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Transcriptomic was applied to obtain the main anti-RA targets of DL on human RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) and validated by qPCR. The target-corresponding active fraction was isolated from DL by ethanol precipitation and gel chromatography, and analyzed by nanoliter chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anti-RA effects of this active fraction was investigated by collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice, and anti-RA mechanisms were verified in cocultured model of rat FLS and peripheral blood lymphocytes. RESULTS We confirmed that CXCL10/CXCR3 was the main anti-RA target of DL. The active fraction - A (2182 - 890 Da) was isolated from DL based on its CXCL10 inhibiting effects in RA-FLS. Fraction A contains 195 peptides (192 were newly discovered), 26 of which might be bioactive and were considered to be the chemical basis of its anti-RA effects. Fraction A significantly ameliorated the joint destruction and overall inflammation in CIA mice, and downregulated CXCR3 expression in mice joint. Fraction A inhibited the chemotaxis of Th-cells in rat peripheral blood lymphocytes towards the TNF-α-induced rat FLS through CXCL10/CXCR3 pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our work indicated that active fraction from DL containing small peptides exhibits promising therapeutic effects for RA through inhibiting CXCL10/CXCR3 chemotaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yarigui Bao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shao-Nan Hu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zi-Jing Song
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hui-Juan Shen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wan-Ling Zhong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shou-Ying Du
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Zhu Z, Deng X, Xie W, Li H, Li Y, Deng Z. Pharmacological effects of bioactive agents in earthworm extract: A comprehensive review. Animal Model Exp Med 2024. [PMID: 38957072 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
This review compiles information from the literature on the chemical composition, pharmacological effects, and molecular mechanisms of earthworm extract (EE) and suggests possibilities for clinical translation of EE. We also consider future trends and concerns in this domain. We summarize the bioactive components of EE, including G-90, lysenin, lumbrokinase, antimicrobial peptides, earthworm serine protease (ESP), and polyphenols, and detail the antitumor, antithrombotic, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, wound-healing, antifibrotic, and hypoglycemic activities and mechanisms of action of EE based on existing in vitro and in vivo studies. We further propose the potential of EE for clinical translation in anticancer and lipid-modifying therapies, and its promise as source of a novel agent for wound healing and resistance to antibiotic tolerance. The earthworm enzyme lumbrokinase embodies highly effective anticoagulant and thrombolytic properties and has the advantage of not causing bleeding phenomena due to hyperfibrinolysis. Its antifibrotic properties can reduce the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix. The glycolipoprotein extract G-90 can effectively scavenge reactive oxygen groups and protect cellular tissues from oxidative damage. Earthworms have evolved a well-developed defense mechanism to fight against microbial infections, and the bioactive agents in EE have shown good antibacterial, fungal, and viral properties in in vitro and in vivo experiments and can alleviate inflammatory responses caused by infections, effectively reducing pain. Recent studies have also highlighted the role of EE in lowering blood glucose. EE shows high medicinal value and is expected to be a source of many bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xinyi Deng
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenqing Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hengzhen Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yusheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhenhan Deng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Song Y, Yang P, Guo W, Lu P, Huang C, Cai Z, Jiang X, Yang G, Du Y, Zhao F. Supramolecular Hydrogel Dexamethasone-Diclofenac for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:645. [PMID: 38607179 PMCID: PMC11013297 DOI: 10.3390/nano14070645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) severely affects patients' quality of life and is commonly treated with glucocorticosteroids injections, like dexamethasone, which may have side effects. This study aimed to create a novel low dose of twin-drug hydrogel containing dexamethasone and diclofenac and explore its potential as a drug delivery system for an enhanced anti-inflammatory effect. Its characterization involved rheology, transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Furthermore, the hydrogel demonstrated thixotropic properties. The hydrogel exhibited no cytotoxicity against RAW 264.7 macrophages. Furthermore, the hydrogel demonstrated a significant anti-inflammatory efficacy by effectively downregulating the levels of NO, TNF-α, and IL-6 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The co-delivery approach, when intra-articularly injected in adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) rats, significantly alleviated chronic inflammation leading to reduced synovitis, delayed bone erosion onset, and the downregulation of inflammatory cytokines. The biocompatibility and adverse effect evaluation indicated good biological safety. Furthermore, the hydrogel demonstrated efficacy in reducing NF-κB nuclear translocation in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages and inhibited p-NF-kB, COX-2, and iNOS expression both in RAW 264.7 macrophages and the joints of AIA rats. In conclusion, the findings indicate that the hydrogel possesses potent anti-inflammatory activity, which effectively addresses the limitations associated with free forms. It presents a promising therapeutic strategy for the management of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqin Song
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Y.S.); (P.Y.); (W.G.); (P.L.); (C.H.); (Z.C.); (X.J.); (G.Y.)
- Yantai Center for Food and Drug Control, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Pufan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Y.S.); (P.Y.); (W.G.); (P.L.); (C.H.); (Z.C.); (X.J.); (G.Y.)
| | - Wen Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Y.S.); (P.Y.); (W.G.); (P.L.); (C.H.); (Z.C.); (X.J.); (G.Y.)
| | - Panpan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Y.S.); (P.Y.); (W.G.); (P.L.); (C.H.); (Z.C.); (X.J.); (G.Y.)
| | - Congying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Y.S.); (P.Y.); (W.G.); (P.L.); (C.H.); (Z.C.); (X.J.); (G.Y.)
| | - Zhiruo Cai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Y.S.); (P.Y.); (W.G.); (P.L.); (C.H.); (Z.C.); (X.J.); (G.Y.)
| | - Xin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Y.S.); (P.Y.); (W.G.); (P.L.); (C.H.); (Z.C.); (X.J.); (G.Y.)
| | - Gangqiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Y.S.); (P.Y.); (W.G.); (P.L.); (C.H.); (Z.C.); (X.J.); (G.Y.)
| | - Yuan Du
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Y.S.); (P.Y.); (W.G.); (P.L.); (C.H.); (Z.C.); (X.J.); (G.Y.)
| | - Feng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Y.S.); (P.Y.); (W.G.); (P.L.); (C.H.); (Z.C.); (X.J.); (G.Y.)
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Yuan R, Wan X, Bao L, Long T, Li H, Zhou Y, Liu L, Shi P, Gong R, Jiang H. Tolerogenic dendritic cells alleviate collagen-induced arthritis by regulating T-cell differentiation and inhibiting NLRP3-mediated apoptosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 130:111764. [PMID: 38452413 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tolerogenic dendritic cells (tolDCs) have emerged as a potential treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the detailed mechanism requires further investigation. In this study, we aimed to explore the effects of tolDCs on T-cell differentiation and NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis in a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rat model. METHODS TolDCs were induced using NF-κB ODN decoy. The efficacy of tolDCs intervention in alleviating arthritis symptoms was evaluated in CIA rats. Flow cytometry was employed to analyze CD4+ T-cell subpopulations, while scanning electron microscopy was utilized to observe pyroptosis morphology. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the expression of pyroptosis-associated proteins. RESULTS TolDCs intervention significantly reduced joint inflammation and damage in CIA rats. Moreover, it successfully restored the balance of Th1/Th2 cells as well as the balance of Treg/Th17 cells. Furthermore, tolDCs intervention effectively suppressed NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis in the synovium, decreasing the release of IL-1β and IL-18. CONCLUSION Our findings underscore the efficacy of tolDCs in attenuating CIA progression through modulation of CD4+ T-cell subpopulations and inhibition of NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yuan
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China; School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China; Center for Clinical Laboratories, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiufang Wan
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China; School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China; Center for Clinical Laboratories, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lunmin Bao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, People' Hospital of Anshun City, Anshun, China
| | - Tiaoyu Long
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Honghong Li
- School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lian Liu
- School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ping Shi
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Rui Gong
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hongmei Jiang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China; School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
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Wang X, Kong Y, Li Z. Advantages of Chinese herbal medicine in treating rheumatoid arthritis: a focus on its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1371461. [PMID: 38515982 PMCID: PMC10954842 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1371461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a condition characterized by an imbalance between the oxidative and antioxidant processes within the human body. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is significantly influenced by the presence of oxidative stress, which acts as a pivotal factor in its pathogenesis. Elevated levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation have been found to be closely associated in the plasma of patients with RA. The clinical treatment strategies for this disease are mainly chemical drugs, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), glucocorticoids (GCs) and biological agents, but it is difficult for patients to accept long-term drug treatment and its side effects. In the theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), RA is thought to be caused by the attack of "wind, cold, damp humor," and herbs with the effect of removing wind and dampness are used to relieve pain. Chinese herbal medicine boasts a rich heritage in effectively attenuating the symptoms of RA, and its global recognition continues to ascend. In particular, RA-relevant anti-inflammatory/anti-oxidative effects of TCM herbs/herbal compounds. The main aim of this review is to make a valuable contribution to the expanding pool of evidence that advocates for the incorporation of Chinese herbal medicine in conventional treatment plans for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Youqian Kong
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Zeguang Li
- First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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Xie J, Liu M, Gao Y, Liu C, Wu F, Tong J, Li Z, Zhu J. Integration of metabolomics and network pharmacology to reveal the protective mechanism underlying Qibai Pingfei capsule on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1258138. [PMID: 37920214 PMCID: PMC10618342 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1258138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we have employed metabolomics technology in combination with network pharmacology to ascertain the key metabolites and hub genes. The objective was to explore the pathway of Qibai Pingfei Capsule (QBPF) in treating COPD through metabolomics. We identified 96 differential metabolites in the lung tissues of rats belonging to control and model groups, out of which 47 were observed to be critical (VIP >2, p < 0.05). Furthermore, 16 important differential metabolites were reversed after QBPF treatment. Using network pharmacology, we identified 176 core targets of 81 drug-active ingredients. Our comprehensive analysis of network pharmacology and metabolomics enabled us to identify a core target, prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), and a core metabolic pathway for glutathione metabolism. Finally, the result of molecular docking showed that PTGS2 had strong binding activity to 18 compounds including Fumarine and Kaempferol, etc.. PTGS2 is a marker of ferroptosis, so we wanted to explore whether QBPF could inhibit ferroptosis in COPD. The results showed that ferroptosis was involved in the pathogenesis of COPD, and QBPF could inhibit the occurrence of ferroptosis. In conclusion, the mechanism of QBPF for treating COPD may be related to PTGS2 expression, glutathione metabolism and ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Xie
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Mengxiang Liu
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yating Gao
- Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Health and Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Changan Liu
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fan Wu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jiabing Tong
- Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Health and Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zegeng Li
- Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Health and Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Health and Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Cao Y, Chen X, Pan F, Wang M, Zhuang H, Chen J, Lu L, Wang L, Wang T. Xinmaikang-mediated mitophagy attenuates atherosclerosis via the PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 119:154955. [PMID: 37572567 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Chinese herbal compound Xinmaikang (XMK) is effective in treating atherosclerosis (AS), although the associated mechanisms of action remain unclear. We hypothesize that XMK increases mitophagy via the PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway and decreases reactive oxygen species (ROS), thus treating AS. PURPOSE To explore the above-mentioned mechanisms of action of XMK in AS. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ultra-performance liquid chromatography assay was performed to clarify the composition of XMK. A 16-week high-fat diet was fed to APOE-/- mice to form an AS model. Next, mice were given XMK(0.95 g/kg/d, 1.99 g/kg/d, 3.98 g/kg/d, i.g.) or Atorvastatin(3 mg/kg/d, i.g.) or Rapamycin(4 mg/kg/d, i.p.) or XMK with Mdivi-1(40 mg/kg/d, i.p.) or an equivalent amount of normal saline for 4 weeks. Then mice were examined for AS plaque area, lesion area, collagen fiber, pro-inflammatory cytokines, lipid level, ROS level and mitophagy level. We assessed AS using Oil Red O, hematoxylin and eosin, and Sirius red staining, as well as ROS measurements. Mitophagy was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), Western blot, single-cell Western blot, and immunofluorescence staining. In vitro, by oxidizing low-density lipoprotein, formation of RAW264.7 macrophage-derived foam cells induced. we induced foam cell formation in RAW264.7 macrophages. Then cells were incubated with XMK-medicated serum with or without Mdivi-1. We examined foam cell formation, ROS level, mitophagy level in cells. Finally, we knocked down the PINK1, and examined foam cell formation and PINK1/Parkin level in RAW264.7 macrophages. RESULTS UPLC analysis revealed 102 main ingredients in XMK. In vivo, XMK at medium-dose or high-dose significantly reduced AS plaques, lipids, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and ROS and increased mitophagy. In further study, Single-cell western blot showed that mitophagy level in macrophages sorted from AS mice was lower than the control mice. While XMK improved mitophagy level. In vitro, XMK reduced foam cell formation and ROS and increased mitophagy. When PINK1 was knocked down, XMK's effects on foam cell formation and PINK1/Parkin pathway activation were reduced. CONCLUSION The study shows that XMK is effective against AS by mediating macrophage mitophagy via the PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway. For the treatment of AS and drug discovery, it provides an experimental basis and target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Cao
- Dongguan Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan 523000, China; The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Dongguan Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan 523000, China; The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Fuqiang Pan
- Liwan District People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Mingyang Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Haowen Zhuang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Jiangna Chen
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yan-Sen University, 510006, China
| | - Lu Lu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Lingjun Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Dongguan Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan 523000, China.
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Ahmad SF, Nadeem A, Ansari MA, Bakheet SA, Alomar HA, Al-Mazroua HA, Ibrahim KE, Alshamrani AA, Al-Hamamah MA, Alfardan AS, Attia SM. CXCR3 antagonist NBI-74330 mitigates joint inflammation in Collagen-Induced arthritis model in DBA/1J mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:110099. [PMID: 37018975 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by uncontrolled synovial proliferation, pannus formation, cartilage injury, and bone destruction. We used the CXCR3-specific antagonist NBI-74330 to block T-cell-mediated signaling in a DBA/1J mouse model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). After CIA induction, DBA/1J mice were treated with NBI-74330 (100 mg/kg) daily from day 21 until day 34 and evaluated for arthritic score and histopathological changes. Furthermore, using flow cytometry, we investigated the effects of NBI-74330 on Th1 (IFN-γ, TNF-α, T-bet, STAT4, Notch-3, and RANKL), Th17 (IL-21, IL-17A, STAT3, and RORγt), and Th22 (IL-22) cells in splenic CD4+ and CXCR3+T-cells. We also used RT-PCR to assess the effect of mRNA levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, T-bet, RANKL, IL-17A, RORγt, and IL-22 in knee tissues. The IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-17A serum protein levels were measured using ELISA. Compared to vehicle-treated CIA mice, the severity of arthritic scores and histological severity of inflammation decreased significantly in NBI-74330-treated CIA mice. Moreover, compared to vehicle-treated CIA mice, the percentages of CD4+IFN-γ+, CD4+TNF-α+, CD4+T-bet+, CD4+STAT4+, CD4+Notch-3+, CXCR3+IFN-γ+, CXCR3+TNF-α+, CXCR3+T-bet+, CXCR3+STAT4+, CXCR3+Notch-3+, CD4+RANKL+, CD4+IL-21+, CD4+IL-17A+, CD4+STAT3+, CD4+RORγt+, and CD4+IL-22+ cells decreased in NBI-74330-treated CIA mice. Furthermore, NBI-74330-treatment downregulated IFN-γ, TNF-α, T-bet, RANKL, STAT3, IL-17A, RORγt, and IL-22 mRNA levels. Serum IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-17A levels were significantly lower in NBI-74330-treated CIA mice than in vehicle-treated CIA mice. This study demonstrates the antiarthritic effects of NBI-74330 in CIA mice. Therefore, these data suggest that NBI-74330 could be considered a potential RA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh F Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmed Nadeem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mushtaq A Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Bakheet
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatun A Alomar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haneen A Al-Mazroua
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid E Ibrahim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali A Alshamrani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Al-Hamamah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali S Alfardan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabry M Attia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Geng L, Zheng LZ, Kang YF, Pan CL, Wang T, Xie C, Liang B, Liao HL. Zhilong Huoxue Tongyu Capsule attenuates hemorrhagic transformation through the let-7f/TLR4 signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 312:116521. [PMID: 37080368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hemorrhagic transformation after acute ischemic stroke is a life-threatening disease that currently has no effective chemotherapy. Zhilong Huoxue Tongyu Capsule (ZL) is an empirical prescription of traditional Chinese medicine that is used to prevent and treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in China. However, only a few studies have addressed the mechanisms of ZL in treating hemorrhagic transformation. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of ZL on hemorrhagic transformation model rats and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophages and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Murine RAW264.7 cells were treated with ZL and LPS (1 μg/mL), and cell viability was detected by cell counting kit-8 assay. RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression of inflammatory chemokines, microRNA let-7a/e/i/f, toll like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) p65. The protein expression levels of TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB p65, and apoptosis related molecules were determined by Western blotting. The apoptosis rate of RAW264.7 macrophages was detected by Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining. A hemorrhagic transformation model in rats was established by intraperitoneal injection of high glucose solution combined with thread embolization. Then, the model rats were observed behaviourally, pathologically, and molecularly. The gene expression of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB p65 was measured by RT-qPCR and used to evaluate the protective effect of ZL against hemorrhagic transformation in rats. RESULTS ZL (5, 20, 40 μg/mL) was beneficial in cell proliferation. LPS (1 μg/mL) stimulated the production of inflammatory chemokines and inhibited the production of let-7a/e/i/f, with let-7f being influenced most strongly. Moreover, overexpression of let-7f decreased the gene and protein levels of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB p65, downregulated TLR4, and inhibited its transcriptional activity. ZL (5, 20, and 40 μg·mL-1) inhibited the production of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB p65 and promoted the production of let-7f in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, the blockade of TLR4 antagonized the promoting effects of TLR4 pathway activation in cell inflammation and apoptosis by downregulating let-7f. Critically, it was confirmed in vivo and in vitro that ZL upregulated the expression of let-7f and inhibited the gene expression of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB p65 to reduce inflammatory cell infiltration, which determined the occurrence of hemorrhagic transformation. CONCLUSIONS ZL can reduce inflammatory response by upregulating let-7f and subsequently inhibiting the TLR4 signaling pathway, thereby decreasing the occurrence of hemorrhagic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Geng
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Internal Medicine Department One, Wenjiang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Li-Zhu Zheng
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Long Chang City, Neijiang, China
| | - Ya-Fei Kang
- Bazhong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Bazhong, China
| | - Chuan-Ling Pan
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Tao Wang
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chen Xie
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Bo Liang
- Department of Nephrology, The Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Chongqing Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urology Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.
| | - Hui-Ling Liao
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
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10
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Zheng B, Song J, Lu M, Chen C, Sun S. Current Research Describing the Role of CD4 + T Lymphocyte Subsets in the Pathogenesis of Granulomatous Lobular Mastitis. J INVEST SURG 2022; 35:1790-1795. [PMID: 36075587 DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2022.2090035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: Granulomatous lobular mastitis (GLM) is a rare, benign, chronic inflammatory illness of the mammary gland with an unknown cause. Many scholars believe that the pathogenesis of GLM is mediated by autoimmunity. This article reviews the progress of the role of CD4+ T lymphocyte subsets in the development of GLM to explore potential therapeutic targets.Methods: Original articles from inception to October 2021 were systematically searched by two members on PubMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure.Results: Current studies have confirmed the presence of disorders of several immune molecules in the serum and tissue microenvironment of GLM patients, including interleukin (IL) -2, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10. This may be related to the dysregulation of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg balance.Conclusions: Altered expression and the malfunctioning of Th, Treg, and associated cytokines may contribute to GLM pathogenesis. Immune molecules and immune-related pathways may be potential targets and breakthroughs for future GLM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilian Zheng
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junlong Song
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Man Lu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuang Chen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shengrong Sun
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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11
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Liu C, Li Y, Wen C, Yan Z, Olatunji OJ, Yin Z. Dehydrozingerone Alleviates Hyperalgesia, Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Factors in Complete Freund’s Adjuvant-Induced Arthritic Rats. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:3015-3022. [PMID: 36105319 PMCID: PMC9466959 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s374827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease with severe inflammatory responses. Dehydrozingerone (DHZ) is a potent bioactive compound found in the rhizomes of Zingiber officinale, and it has been reported as an excellent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent. This study evaluated the anti-arthritic effects of DHZ in complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis. Methods CFA administered rats were intragastrically treated with DHZ (100 mg/kg) for 28 days, and arthritis severity was assessed via body weight, arthritic score, paw edema and hyperalgesia. Serum inflammation biomarkers, oxidative stress markers, inflammatory cytokines and liver function enzymes were evaluated. Results The results indicated that DHZ significantly ameliorated arthritis severity as shown by reduced arthritic score, thymus and spleen indexes, paw circumference, paw withdrawal threshold and latency as well as increased body weight gain. Furthermore, DHZ treatment persuasively reduced serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), rheumatoid factor (RF), C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β and 6 (IL-1β and IL-6), malondialdehyde (MDA), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β). In addition, DHZ observably increased serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) levels in treated rats. Conclusion These findings suggest that DHZ possesses anti-RA effect properties via modulating the inflammatory responses and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhong Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People’s Republic of China
- The Second People's Hospital of Wuhu City, Wuhu, 230022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yetian Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaoling Wen
- Anhui Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Wuhu, 241001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng Yan
- The Second People's Hospital of Wuhu City, Wuhu, 230022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Opeyemi Joshua Olatunji
- Traditional Thai Medical Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90110, Thailand
| | - Zongsheng Yin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Zongsheng Yin, Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People’s Republic of China, Email
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