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Liang ZW, Guan YH, Lv Z, Yang SC, Zhang GH, Zhao YH, Zhao M, Chen JW. Optimization of saponin extraction from the leaves of Panax notoginseng and Panax quinquefolium and evaluation of their antioxidant, antihypertensive, hypoglycemic and anti-inflammatory activities. Food Chem X 2024; 23:101642. [PMID: 39113743 PMCID: PMC11304882 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Panax notoginseng and Panax quinquefolium are important economic plants that utilize dried roots for medicinal and food dual purposes; there is still insufficient research of their stems and leaves, which also contain triterpenoid saponins. The extraction process was developed with a total saponin content of 12.30 ± 0.34% and 12.19 ± 0.64% for P. notoginseng leaves (PNL) and P. quinquefolium leaves (PQL) extracts, respectively. PNL and PQL saponin extracts showed good antioxidant, antihypertensive, hypoglycemic, and anti-inflammatory properties in vitro and RAW264.7 cells. A total of 699 metabolites were identified in PNL and PQL saponin extracts, with the majority being triterpenoid saponins, flavonoids and amino acids. Fourteen ginsenosides, 18 flavonoids or alkaloids, and 16 amino acids were enriched in both saponin extracts. Overall, the utilization of saponins from medicinal plants PNL and PQL has been developed to facilitate systematic research in the functional food and natural product industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Wei Liang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology & The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province & National Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Hui Guan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology & The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province & National Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Lv
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology & The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province & National Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
- College of Tea Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Chao Yang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology & The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province & National Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Hui Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology & The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province & National Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin-He Zhao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology & The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province & National Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology & The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province & National Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
- College of Tea Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Wen Chen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology & The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province & National Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
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El-Sayyad SM, El-Ella DMA, Hafez MM, Al-Mokaddem AK, Ali BM, Awny MM, El-Emam SZ. Sesamol defends neuronal damage following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion: a crosstalk of autophagy and Notch1/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:629-642. [PMID: 37848698 PMCID: PMC10907497 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01355-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sesamol (SES) is a phenolic compound found in sesame seed oil. Several studies have revealed its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. However, its complete underlying mechanistic perspective about cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) lesions has not yet been disclosed. Consequently, we aimed to scrutinize its neuroprotective mechanism against cerebral injury during a global cerebral I/R in a rat model, considering its impact on autophagy and Notch1/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling regulation. METHODS To affirm our purpose, adult Wistar rats were allotted into five groups: sham and the other four groups in which transient global cerebral ischemia was induced by bilateral common ligation (2VO) for 1 h, then reperfusion for either 24 h or 5 days: I/R (1/24), I/R (1/5), SES + I/R (1/24), and SES + I/R (1/5). In treated groups, SES (100 mg/kg, p.o., for 21 days) was administered before cerebral I/R induction. The assessment of histopathological changes in brain tissues, immunohistochemistry, biochemical assays, ELISA, and qRT-PCR were utilized to investigate our hypothesis. RESULTS Advantageously, SES halted the structural neuronal damage with lessened demyelination induced by cerebral I/R injury. Restoring oxidant/antioxidant balance was evident by boosting the total antioxidant capacity and waning lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, SES reduced inflammatory and apoptosis markers. Additionally, SES recovered GFAP, Cx43, and autophagy signaling, which in turn switched off the Notch-1/NLRP3 inflammasome trajectory. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed the neuroprotective effect of SES against cerebral I/R injury through alleviating injurious events and boosting autophagy, consequently abolishing Notch1/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shorouk Mohamed El-Sayyad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, October 6 University, Giza, 12585, Egypt
| | - Dina M Abo El-Ella
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, October 6 University, Giza, 12585, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Hafez
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Biochemistry Department, Ahram Canadian University (ACU), Giza, Egypt
| | - Asmaa K Al-Mokaddem
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Bassam Mohamed Ali
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, October 6 University, Giza, 12585, Egypt
| | - Magdy M Awny
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, October 6 University, Giza, 12585, Egypt
| | - Soad Z El-Emam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, October 6 University, Giza, 12585, Egypt.
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Ling G, Zhang M, Chen C, Wang Y, Gao Q, Li J, Yuan H, Jin W, Lin W, Yang L. Progress of Ginsenoside Rb1 in neurological disorders. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1280792. [PMID: 38327982 PMCID: PMC10847293 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1280792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Ginseng is frequently used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat neurological disorders. The primary active component of ginseng is ginsenoside, which has been classified into more than 110 types based on their chemical structures. Ginsenoside Rb1 (GsRb1)-a protopanaxadiol saponin and a typical ginseng component-exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-autophagy properties in the nervous system. Neurological disorders remain a leading cause of death and disability globally. GsRb1 effectively treats neurological disorders. To contribute novel insights to the understanding and treatment of neurological disorders, we present a comprehensive review of the pharmacokinetics, actions, mechanisms, and research development of GsRb1 in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongxia Ling
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chizhang Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Pingyang County Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Meizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiqi Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianshun Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao Yuan
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenwen Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingrong Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Zheng T, Jiang T, Huang Z, Ma H, Wang M. Role of traditional Chinese medicine monomers in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury:a review of the mechanism. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1220862. [PMID: 37654609 PMCID: PMC10467294 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1220862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a pathological process wherein reperfusion of an ischemic organ or tissue exacerbates the injury, posing a significant health threat and economic burden to patients and their families. I/R triggers a multitude of physiological and pathological events, such as inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, neuronal cell death, and disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Hence, the development of effective therapeutic strategies targeting the pathological processes resulting from I/R is crucial for the rehabilitation and long-term enhancement of the quality of life in patients with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI). Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) monomers refer to bioactive compounds extracted from Chinese herbal medicine, possessing anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects, and the ability to modulate programmed cell death (PCD). TCM monomers have emerged as promising candidates for the treatment of CIRI and its subsequent complications. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that TCM monomers can enhance the recovery of neurological function following CIRI by mitigating oxidative stress, suppressing inflammatory responses, reducing neuronal cell death and functional impairment, as well as minimizing cerebral infarction volume. The neuroprotective effects of TCM monomers on CIRI have been extensively investigated, and a comprehensive understanding of their mechanisms can pave the way for novel approaches to I/R treatment. This review aims to update and summarize evidence of the protective effects of TCMs in CIRI, with a focus on their role in modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, PCD, glutamate excitotoxicity, Ca2+ overload, as well as promoting blood-brain barrier repairment and angiogenesis. The main objective is to underscore the significant contribution of TCM monomers in alleviating CIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Manxia Wang
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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Zhang R, Zeng M, Zhang X, Zheng Y, Lv N, Wang L, Gan J, Li Y, Jiang X, Yang L. Therapeutic Candidates for Alzheimer's Disease: Saponins. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10505. [PMID: 37445682 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug development for Alzheimer's disease, the leading cause of dementia, has been a long-standing challenge. Saponins, which are steroid or triterpenoid glycosides with various pharmacological activities, have displayed therapeutic potential in treating Alzheimer's disease. In a comprehensive review of the literature from May 2007 to May 2023, we identified 63 references involving 40 different types of saponins that have been studied for their effects on Alzheimer's disease. These studies suggest that saponins have the potential to ameliorate Alzheimer's disease by reducing amyloid beta peptide deposition, inhibiting tau phosphorylation, modulating oxidative stress, reducing inflammation, and antiapoptosis. Most intriguingly, ginsenoside Rg1 and pseudoginsenoside-F11 possess these important pharmacological properties and show the best promise for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. This review provides a summary and classification of common saponins that have been studied for their therapeutic potential in Alzheimer's disease, showcasing their underlying mechanisms. This highlights the promising potential of saponins for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifeng Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Miao Zeng
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiaolu Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yujia Zheng
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Nuan Lv
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Luming Wang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jiali Gan
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yawen Li
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xijuan Jiang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Lin Yang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
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Zhu M, Sun Y, Bai H, Wang Y, Yang B, Wang Q, Kuang H. Effects of saponins from Chinese herbal medicines on signal transduction pathways in cancer: A review. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1159985. [PMID: 37063281 PMCID: PMC10090286 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1159985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer poses a serious threat to human health, and the search for safe and effective drugs for its treatment has aroused interest and become a long-term goal. Traditional Chinese herbal medicine (TCM), an ancient science with unique anti-cancer advantages, has achieved outstanding results in long-term clinical practice. Accumulating evidence shows that saponins are key bioactive components in TCM and have great research and development applications for their significant role in the treatment of cancer. Saponins are a class of glycosides comprising nonpolar triterpenes or sterols attached to hydrophilic oligosaccharide groups that exert antitumor effects by targeting the NF-κB, PI3Ks-Akt-mTOR, MAPK, Wnt-β-catenin, JAK-STAT3, APMK, p53, and EGFR signaling pathways. Presently, few advances have been made in physiological and pathological studies on the effect of saponins on signal transduction pathways involved in cancer treatment. This paper reviews the phytochemistry and extraction methods of saponins of TCM and their effects on signal transduction pathways in cancer. It aims to provide theoretical support for in-depth studies on the anticancer effects of saponins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingtao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Yanping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Haodong Bai
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Yimeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Bingyou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qiuhong Wang, ; Haixue Kuang,
| | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Qiuhong Wang, ; Haixue Kuang,
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