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Yu W, Zhu Z, Tang F. Emerging Insights into Postoperative Neurocognitive Disorders: The Role of Signaling Across the Gut-Brain Axis. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04228-y. [PMID: 38801630 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04228-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The pathophysiological regulatory mechanisms in postoperative neurocognitive disorders (PNCDs) are intricately complex. Currently, the pathogenesis of PNCDs has not been fully elucidated. The mechanism involved may include a variety of factors, such as neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and neuroendocrine dysregulation. Research into the gut microbiota-induced regulations on brain functions is increasingly becoming a focal point of exploration. Emerging evidence has shown that intestinal bacteria may play an essential role in maintaining the homeostasis of various physiological systems and regulating disease occurrence. Recent studies have confirmed the association of the gut-brain axis with central nervous system diseases. However, the regulatory effects of this axis in the pathogenesis of PNCDs remain unclear. Therefore, this paper intends to review the bidirectional signaling and mechanism of the gut-brain axis in PNCDs, summarize the latest research progress, and discuss the possible mechanism of intestinal bacteria affecting nervous system diseases. This review is aimed at providing a scientific reference for predicting the clinical risk of PNCD patients and identifying early diagnostic markers and prevention targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqiu Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, China
| | - Zhaoqiong Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, China.
- Early Clinical Research Ward, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, China.
| | - Fushan Tang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006, China.
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Torres-Carrillo N, Martínez-López E, Torres-Carrillo NM, López-Quintero A, Moreno-Ortiz JM, González-Mercado A, Gutiérrez-Hurtado IA. Pharmacomicrobiomics and Drug-Infection Interactions: The Impact of Commensal, Symbiotic and Pathogenic Microorganisms on a Host Response to Drug Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17100. [PMID: 38069427 PMCID: PMC10707377 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms have a close relationship with humans, whether it is commensal, symbiotic, or pathogenic. Recently, it has been documented that microorganisms may influence the response to drug therapy. Pharmacomicrobiomics is an emerging field that focuses on the study of how variations in the microbiome affect the disposition, action, and toxicity of drugs. Two additional sciences have been added to complement pharmacomicrobiomics, namely toxicomicrobiomics, which explores how the microbiome influences drug metabolism and toxicity, and pharmacoecology, which refers to modifications in the microbiome as a result of drug administration. In this context, we introduce the concept of "drug-infection interaction" to describe the influence of pathogenic microorganisms on drug response. This review analyzes the current state of knowledge regarding the relevance of microorganisms in the host's response to drugs. It also highlights promising areas for future research and proposes the term "drug-infection interaction" as an extension of pharmacomicrobiomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma Torres-Carrillo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (N.T.-C.); (N.M.T.-C.)
| | - Erika Martínez-López
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico;
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico;
| | - Nora Magdalena Torres-Carrillo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (N.T.-C.); (N.M.T.-C.)
| | - Andres López-Quintero
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico;
| | - José Miguel Moreno-Ortiz
- Instituto de Genética Humana “Dr. Enrique Corona Rivera”, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (J.M.M.-O.); (A.G.-M.)
| | - Anahí González-Mercado
- Instituto de Genética Humana “Dr. Enrique Corona Rivera”, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (J.M.M.-O.); (A.G.-M.)
| | - Itzae Adonai Gutiérrez-Hurtado
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico;
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Wang K, Qin X, Ran T, Pan Y, Hong Y, Wang J, Zhang X, Shen X, Liu C, Lu X, Chen Y, Bai Y, Zhang Y, Zhou C, Zou D. Causal link between gut microbiota and four types of pancreatitis: a genetic association and bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1290202. [PMID: 38075894 PMCID: PMC10702359 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1290202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of recent observational studies have indicated a correlation between the constitution of gut microbiota and the incidence of pancreatitis. Notwithstanding, observational studies are unreliable for inferring causality because of their susceptibility to confounding, bias, and reverse causality, the causal relationship between specific gut microbiota and pancreatitis is still unclear. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the causal relationship between gut microbiota and four types of pancreatitis. METHODS An investigative undertaking encompassing a genome-wide association study (GWAS) comprising 18,340 participants was undertaken with the aim of discerning genetic instrumental variables that exhibit associations with gut microbiota, The aggregated statistical data pertaining to acute pancreatitis (AP), alcohol-induced AP (AAP), chronic pancreatitis (CP), and alcohol-induced CP (ACP) were acquired from the FinnGen Consortium. The two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) approach was utilized. Utilizing the Inverse-Variance Weighted (IVW) technique as the cornerstone of our primary analysis. The Bonferroni analysis was used to correct for multiple testing, In addition, a number of sensitivity analysis methodologies, comprising the MR-Egger intercept test, the Cochran's Q test, MR polymorphism residual and outlier (MR-PRESSO) test, and the leave-one-out test, were performed to evaluate the robustness of our findings. RESULTS A total of 28 intestinal microflora were ascertained to exhibit significant associations with diverse outcomes of pancreatitis. Among them, Class Melainabacteria (OR = 1.801, 95% CI: 1.288-2.519, p = 0.008) has a strong causality with ACP after the Bonferroni-corrected test, in order to assess potential reverse causation effects, we used four types of pancreatitis as the exposure variable and scrutinized its impact on gut microbiota as the outcome variable, this analysis revealed associations between pancreatitis and 30 distinct types of gut microflora. The implementation of Cochran's Q test revealed a lack of substantial heterogeneity among the various single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). CONCLUSION Our first systematic Mendelian randomization analysis provides evidence that multiple gut microbiota taxa may be causally associated with four types of pancreatitis disease. This discovery may contribute significant biomarkers conducive to the preliminary, non-invasive identification of Pancreatitis. Additionally, it could present viable targets for potential therapeutic interventions in the disease's treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Xianzheng Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Taojing Ran
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yundi Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Hong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianda Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - XiaoNan Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenxiao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinchen Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaya Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunhua Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Duowu Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Xue F, He Z, Zhuang DZ, Lin F. The influence of gut microbiota on circulating inflammatory cytokines and host: A Mendelian randomization study with meta-analysis. Life Sci 2023; 332:122105. [PMID: 37739166 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The gut microbiota has been found to be altered in different inflammatory disorders, but its involvement in the regulation of inflammatory cytokines remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impacts of gut microbiota on circulating inflammatory cytokines and their potential roles in host diseases. MAIN METHODS Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were conducted using summary-level data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to identify significant causal associations between 196 gut microbiota and 41 inflammatory cytokines. Meta-analysis was applied to test the robustness of the results. Enrichment analyses of identified cytokines were further utilized to infer the effects of gut microbiota on the host. KEY FINDINGS The MR analyses and meta-analyses identified the following significant causal associations: phylum Euryarchaeota on interleukin-2 (IL-2) (βIVW = 0.085, P = 1.5 × 10-2) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) (βIVW = 0.065, P = 4.1 × 10-2), phylum Tenericutes and class Mollicutes on macrophage inflammatory protein 1a (MIP1a) (βIVW = -0.142, P = 7.0 × 10-3), class Bacilli on hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) (βIVW = -0.106, P = 2.5 × 10-2), order Enterobacteriales on monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1) (βIVW = 0.182, P = 1.8 × 10-2), and genus Lachnospiraceae NC2004 group on TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) (βIVW = -0.207, P = 6.0 × 10-4). Enrichment analyses suggested that phylum Euryarchaeota and order Enterobacteriales might be risk factors for certain autoimmune diseases and neoplasms, while the phylum Tenericutes may have a protective effect. SIGNIFICANCE This study represents the first evidence confirming the causal effect of specific gut microbial taxa on circulating inflammatory cytokines and sheds light on their potential roles in the development and progression of various host diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xue
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zheng He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - De-Zheng Zhuang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, Liaoning Province, China.
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Yan X, Li J, Wu D. The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Acute Pancreatitis. Molecules 2023; 28:4985. [PMID: 37446647 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28134985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a digestive emergency and can develop into a systematic illness. The role of the gut in the progression and deterioration of AP has drawn much attention from researchers, and areas of interest include dysbiosis of the intestinal flora, weakened intestinal barrier function, and bacterial and endotoxin translocation. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), as one of the metabolites of gut microbiota, have been proven to be depleted in AP patients. SCFAs help restore gut homeostasis by rebuilding gut flora, stabilizing the intestinal epithelial barrier, and regulating inflammation. SCFAs can also suppress systematic inflammatory responses, improve the injured pancreas, and prevent and protect other organ dysfunctions. Based on multiple beneficial effects, increasing SCFAs is an essential idea of gut protective treatment in AP. Specific strategies include the direct use of butyrate or indirect supplementation through fiber, pre/pro/synbiotics, or fecal microbiota transplantation as a promising adjective therapy to enteral nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaxiao Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- Eight-Year Medical Doctor Program, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jianing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Dong Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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