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López-Otín C, Kroemer G. The missing hallmark of health: psychosocial adaptation. Cell Stress 2024; 8:21-50. [PMID: 38476764 PMCID: PMC10928495 DOI: 10.15698/cst2024.03.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The eight biological hallmarks of health that we initially postulated (Cell. 2021 Jan 7;184(1):33-63) include features of spatial compartmentalization (integrity of barriers, containment of local perturbations), maintenance of homeostasis over time (recycling & turnover, integration of circuitries, rhythmic oscillations) and an array of adequate responses to stress (homeostatic resilience, hormetic regulation, repair & regeneration). These hallmarks affect all eight somatic strata of the human body (molecules, organelles, cells, supracellular units, organs, organ systems, systemic circuitries and meta-organism). Here we postulate that mental and socioeconomic factors must be added to this 8×8 matrix as an additional hallmark of health ("psychosocial adaptation") and as an additional stratum ("psychosocial interactions"), hence building a 9×9 matrix. Potentially, perturbation of each of the somatic hallmarks and strata affects psychosocial factors and vice versa. Finally, we discuss the (patho)physiological bases of these interactions and their implications for mental health improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos López-Otín
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida y la Naturaleza, Universidad Nebrija, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
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Pils M, Rutsch J, Eren F, Engberg G, Piehl F, Cervenka S, Sellgren C, Troßbach S, Willbold D, Erhardt S, Bannach O, Korth C. Disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 protein aggregates in cerebrospinal fluid are elevated in patients with first-episode psychosis. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023; 77:665-671. [PMID: 37668563 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM The disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) protein is a key regulator at the intersection of major signaling pathways relevant for adaptive behavior. It is prone to posttranslational changes such as misassembly and aggregation but the significance of such transformations for human mental illness has remained unclear. We aimed to demonstrate the occurrence of DISC1 protein aggregates in patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP). METHOD Cerebrospinal fluid samples of patients with FEP (n = 50) and matched healthy controls (HCs; n = 47) were measured by the highly sensitive surface-based fluorescence intensity distribution analysis technology that enables single aggregate detection. RESULTS We demonstrate that DISC1 protein aggregates are increased in cerebrospinal fluid samples of patients with FEP versus HCs. The concentration was in the low femtomolar range. No correlations were found with specific symptom levels, but the difference was particularly significant in the subset of patients with the diagnoses schizophrenia, unspecified (DSM-IV 295.9) or schizoaffective disorder (DSM-IV 295.70) at 18-month follow-up. DISC1 protein aggregate levels did not significantly change within the 18-month observation interval and were on average higher for individuals carrying the major DISC1 rs821577 allele, before correction. CONCLUSION The occurrence of protein aggregates in vivo in patients with psychotic disorders has not been previously reported. It underscores the significance of posttranslational modifications of proteins both as pathogenetic mechanisms and as potential diagnostic markers in these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Pils
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (Structural Biochemistry: IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- attyloid GmbH, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia Rutsch
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Feride Eren
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran Engberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Piehl
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simon Cervenka
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carl Sellgren
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Svenja Troßbach
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dieter Willbold
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (Structural Biochemistry: IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- attyloid GmbH, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sophie Erhardt
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oliver Bannach
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (Structural Biochemistry: IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- attyloid GmbH, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Carsten Korth
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Menéndez-Valle I, Cachán-Vega C, Boga JA, González-Blanco L, Antuña E, Potes Y, Caballero B, Vega-Naredo I, Saiz P, Bobes J, García-Portilla P, Coto-Montes A. Differential Cellular Interactome in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder-Discriminatory Biomarker Role. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1948. [PMID: 38001801 PMCID: PMC10669042 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCH) and bipolar disorder (BD) are two of the most important psychiatric pathologies due to their high population incidence and disabling power, but they also present, mainly in their debut, high clinical similarities that make their discrimination difficult. In this work, the differential oxidative stress, present in both disorders, is shown as a concatenator of the systemic alterations-both plasma and erythrocyte, and even at the level of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)-in which, for the first time, the different affectations that both disorders cause at the level of the cellular interactome were observed. A marked erythrocyte antioxidant imbalance only present in SCH generalizes to oxidative damage at the plasma level and shows a clear impact on cellular involvement. From the alteration of protein synthesis to the induction of death by apoptosis, including proteasomal damage, mitochondrial imbalance, and autophagic alteration, all the data show a greater cellular affectation in SCH than in BD, which could be linked to increased oxidative stress. Thus, patients with SCH in our study show increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER)stress that induces increased proteasomal activity and a multifactorial response to misfolded proteins (UPR), which, together with altered mitochondrial activity, generating free radicals and leading to insufficient energy production, is associated with defective autophagy and ultimately leads the cell to a high apoptotic predisposition. In BD, however, oxidative damage is much milder and without significant activation of survival mechanisms or inhibition of apoptosis. These clear differences identified at the molecular and cellular level between the two disorders, resulting from progressive afflictions in which oxidative stress can be both a cause and a consequence, significantly improve the understanding of both disorders to date and are essential for the development of targeted and preventive treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Menéndez-Valle
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto de Neurociencias (INEUROPA), University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería, s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Cristina Cachán-Vega
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto de Neurociencias (INEUROPA), University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería, s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería, s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - José Antonio Boga
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto de Neurociencias (INEUROPA), University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería, s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Laura González-Blanco
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Ctra. AS-267, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Eduardo Antuña
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto de Neurociencias (INEUROPA), University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería, s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería, s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Yaiza Potes
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto de Neurociencias (INEUROPA), University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería, s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería, s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Beatriz Caballero
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto de Neurociencias (INEUROPA), University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería, s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería, s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Ignacio Vega-Naredo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto de Neurociencias (INEUROPA), University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería, s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería, s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Pilar Saiz
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto de Neurociencias (INEUROPA), University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería, s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Departament of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería, s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Julio Bobes
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto de Neurociencias (INEUROPA), University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería, s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Departament of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería, s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Paz García-Portilla
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto de Neurociencias (INEUROPA), University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería, s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Departament of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería, s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Ana Coto-Montes
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto de Neurociencias (INEUROPA), University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería, s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería, s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
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Izumi Y, Ishikawa M, Nakazawa T, Kunikata H, Sato K, Covey DF, Zorumski CF. Neurosteroids as stress modulators and neurotherapeutics: lessons from the retina. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:1004-1008. [PMID: 36254981 PMCID: PMC9827771 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.355752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurosteroids are rapidly emerging as important new therapies in neuropsychiatry, with one such agent, brexanolone, already approved for treatment of postpartum depression, and others on the horizon. These steroids have unique properties, including neuroprotective effects that could benefit a wide range of brain illnesses including depression, anxiety, epilepsy, and neurodegeneration. Over the past 25 years, our group has developed ex vivo rodent models to examine factors contributing to several forms of neurodegeneration in the retina. In the course of this work, we have developed a model of acute closed angle glaucoma that involves incubation of ex vivo retinas under hyperbaric conditions and results in neuronal and axonal changes that mimic glaucoma. We have used this model to determine neuroprotective mechanisms that could have therapeutic implications. In particular, we have focused on the role of both endogenous and exogenous neurosteroids in modulating the effects of acute high pressure. Endogenous allopregnanolone, a major stress-activated neurosteroid in the brain and retina, helps to prevent severe pressure-induced retinal excitotoxicity but is unable to protect against degenerative changes in ganglion cells and their axons under hyperbaric conditions. However, exogenous allopregnanolone, at a pharmacological concentration, completely preserves retinal structure and does so by combined effects on gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors and stimulation of the cellular process of macroautophagy. Surprisingly, the enantiomer of allopregnanolone, which is inactive at gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors, is equally retinoprotective and acts primarily via autophagy. Both enantiomers are also equally effective in preserving retinal structure and function in an in vivo glaucoma model. These studies in the retina have important implications for the ongoing development of allopregnanolone and other neurosteroids as therapeutics for neuropsychiatric illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukitoshi Izumi
- Department of Psychiatry and Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Makoto Ishikawa
- Department of Ophthalmic Imaging and Information Analytics; Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Toru Nakazawa
- Department of Ophthalmic Imaging and Information Analytics; Department of Ophthalmology; Department of Retinal Disease Control; Department of Advanced Ophthalmic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kunikata
- Department of Ophthalmology; Department of Retinal Disease Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kota Sato
- Department of Ophthalmic Imaging and Information Analytics; Department of Advanced Ophthalmic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Douglas F Covey
- Department of Psychiatry and Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research; Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Charles F Zorumski
- Department of Psychiatry and Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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