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Dai Y, Fernandes BS, Zhao Z. Revisiting the Relative Contribution of Common and Rare Genetic Variants to Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Among Diverse Populations. Biol Psychiatry 2024; 95:822-824. [PMID: 38599708 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.02.1007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Dai
- Center for Precision Health, McWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas.
| | - Brisa S Fernandes
- Center for Precision Health, McWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Center for Precision Health, McWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas; Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas; Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas; Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas.
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Auwerx C, Jõeloo M, Sadler MC, Tesio N, Ojavee S, Clark CJ, Mägi R, Reymond A, Kutalik Z. Rare copy-number variants as modulators of common disease susceptibility. Genome Med 2024; 16:5. [PMID: 38185688 PMCID: PMC10773105 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-023-01265-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Copy-number variations (CNVs) have been associated with rare and debilitating genomic disorders (GDs) but their impact on health later in life in the general population remains poorly described. METHODS Assessing four modes of CNV action, we performed genome-wide association scans (GWASs) between the copy-number of CNV-proxy probes and 60 curated ICD-10 based clinical diagnoses in 331,522 unrelated white British UK Biobank (UKBB) participants with replication in the Estonian Biobank. RESULTS We identified 73 signals involving 40 diseases, all of which indicating that CNVs increased disease risk and caused earlier onset. We estimated that 16% of these associations are indirect, acting by increasing body mass index (BMI). Signals mapped to 45 unique, non-overlapping regions, nine of which being linked to known GDs. Number and identity of genes affected by CNVs modulated their pathogenicity, with many associations being supported by colocalization with both common and rare single-nucleotide variant association signals. Dissection of association signals provided insights into the epidemiology of known gene-disease pairs (e.g., deletions in BRCA1 and LDLR increased risk for ovarian cancer and ischemic heart disease, respectively), clarified dosage mechanisms of action (e.g., both increased and decreased dosage of 17q12 impacted renal health), and identified putative causal genes (e.g., ABCC6 for kidney stones). Characterization of the pleiotropic pathological consequences of recurrent CNVs at 15q13, 16p13.11, 16p12.2, and 22q11.2 in adulthood indicated variable expressivity of these regions and the involvement of multiple genes. Finally, we show that while the total burden of rare CNVs-and especially deletions-strongly associated with disease risk, it only accounted for ~ 0.02% of the UKBB disease burden. These associations are mainly driven by CNVs at known GD CNV regions, whose pleiotropic effect on common diseases was broader than anticipated by our CNV-GWAS. CONCLUSIONS Our results shed light on the prominent role of rare CNVs in determining common disease susceptibility within the general population and provide actionable insights for anticipating later-onset comorbidities in carriers of recurrent CNVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Auwerx
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Genopode building, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Genopode building, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- University Center for Primary Care and Public Health, 1005, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Maarja Jõeloo
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Marie C Sadler
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Genopode building, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- University Center for Primary Care and Public Health, 1005, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolò Tesio
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Genopode building, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sven Ojavee
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Genopode building, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Charlie J Clark
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Genopode building, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Alexandre Reymond
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Genopode building, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Zoltán Kutalik
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Genopode building, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- University Center for Primary Care and Public Health, 1005, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Bassett AS, Reuter MS, Malecki S, Silversides C, Oechslin E. Clinically Relevant Genetic Considerations for Patients With Tetralogy of Fallot. CJC PEDIATRIC AND CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE 2023; 2:426-439. [PMID: 38161665 PMCID: PMC10755827 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjcpc.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Genetic changes affect embryogenesis, cardiac and extracardiac phenotype, development, later onset conditions, and both short- and long-term outcomes and comorbidities in the increasing population of individuals with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). In this review, we focus on current knowledge about clinically relevant genetics for patients with TOF across the lifespan. The latest findings for TOF genetics that are pertinent to day-to-day practice and lifelong management are highlighted: morbidity/mortality, cardiac/extracardiac features, including neurodevelopmental expression, and recent changes to prenatal screening and diagnostics. Genome-wide microarray is the first-line clinical genetic test for TOF across the lifespan, detecting relevant structural changes including the most common for TOF, the 22q11.2 microdeletion. Accumulating evidence illustrates opportunities for advances in understanding and care that may arise from genetic diagnosis at any age. We also glimpse into the near future when the multigenic nature of TOF will be more fully revealed, further enhancing possibilities for preventive care. Precision medicine is nigh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne S. Bassett
- The Dalglish Family 22q Clinic, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Clinical Genetics Research Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto Adult Congenital Heart Disease Program, Division of Cardiology, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Miriam S. Reuter
- The Dalglish Family 22q Clinic, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Clinical Genetics Research Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Malecki
- The Dalglish Family 22q Clinic, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Clinical Genetics Research Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Candice Silversides
- The Dalglish Family 22q Clinic, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto Adult Congenital Heart Disease Program, Division of Cardiology, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erwin Oechslin
- The Dalglish Family 22q Clinic, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto Adult Congenital Heart Disease Program, Division of Cardiology, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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