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Merritt SH, Zak PJ. Continuous remote monitoring of neurophysiologic Immersion accurately predicts mood. Front Digit Health 2024; 6:1397557. [PMID: 39157805 PMCID: PMC11327156 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2024.1397557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Mental health professionals have relied primarily on clinical evaluations to identify in vivo pathology. As a result, mental health is largely reactive rather than proactive. In an effort to proactively assess mood, we collected continuous neurophysiologic data for ambulatory individuals 8-10 h a day at 1 Hz for 3 weeks (N = 24). Data were obtained using a commercial neuroscience platform (Immersion Neuroscience) that quantifies the neural value of social-emotional experiences. These data were related to self-reported mood and energy to assess their predictive accuracy. Statistical analyses quantified neurophysiologic troughs by the length and depth of social-emotional events with low values and neurophysiologic peaks as the complement. Participants in the study had an average of 2.25 (SD = 3.70, Min = 0, Max = 25) neurophysiologic troughs per day and 3.28 (SD = 3.97, Min = 0, Max = 25) peaks. The number of troughs and peaks predicted daily mood with 90% accuracy using least squares regressions and machine learning models. The analysis also showed that women were more prone to low mood compared to men. Our approach demonstrates that a simple count variable derived from a commercially-available platform is a viable way to assess low mood and low energy in populations vulnerable to mood disorders. In addition, peak Immersion events, which are mood-enhancing, may be an effective measure of thriving in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean H. Merritt
- Center for Neuroeconomics Studies, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA, United States
| | - Paul J. Zak
- Center for Neuroeconomics Studies and Drucker School of Management, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA, United States
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Mastromatteo LY, Girardi P, Miller JG, Scrimin S. Moderate cardiac vagal tone is associated with more cooperation in children. Int J Psychophysiol 2024; 201:112371. [PMID: 38810838 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2024.112371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Childhood is a crucial period for prosocial development, including cooperative behaviors. Recent studies have shown a quadratic relation (inverted U-shape curve) between cardiac vagal tone (CVT) and various prosocial emotions and behaviors in children, but data are lacking on cooperative behaviors. In a sample of 111 school-aged children (M = 7.77; SD = 1.24, range: 6-11), we tested the association between the root mean square of successive differences in interbeat intervals (RMSSD) at rest, and cooperative behavior in a task designed to be comparable to a stag hunt game. We found evidence for an association between RMSSD and cooperation that follows an inverted U-shape. In addition, older children were more likely to cooperate than younger children. Lastly, we found an interaction between RMSSD and age such that the association between RMSSD and cooperation behavior was present for younger but not older children. In addition, we proposed an extension of the Johnson-Neyman test to assess the significant region of interaction between age and the linear and quadratic RMSSD. These results add to a growing literature suggesting that moderate RMSSD is associated with greater prosocial behavior and provide novel evidence that this association extends to children's cooperation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paolo Girardi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Italy
| | - Jonas G Miller
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Sara Scrimin
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Italy
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Mastromatteo LY, Lionetti F, Pluess M, Scrimin S. Moderate cardiac vagal tone predicts more cooperation in highly sensitive individuals. Psychophysiology 2024:e14638. [PMID: 38951737 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Cooperation, as a mutual collaboration, is a defining feature of human social life. Individual characteristics can influence cooperation. Recent studies have shown a quadratic relationship between cardiac vagal tone (CVT), an index of self-regulation, and prosocial behaviors. Individual differences in cooperation might also vary as a function of people's environmental sensitivity (ES), i.e., may be influenced by individual differences in the perception and processing of inner and external stimuli. We tested the direct and interactive effect of CVT and ES on cooperative behaviors in two independent samples. We measured heart rate and engagement in cooperative acts in 80 young adults (M = 23.61; SD = 1.60) who were also asked to self-report on ES. We found an inverted-U relationship between CVT and cooperative behaviors. ES, on the other hand, did not predict differences in cooperative behaviors but moderated the relationships between CVT and cooperation, although the magnitude of this result was small. Specifically, only among individuals with higher ES cooperative behaviors change as a function of CVT. Highly sensitive individuals with lower or higher CVT, were less cooperative than low sensitive ones. Subsequently, we replicated the same study design in a second sample of 88 undergraduate students (M = 23.69; SD = 4.91). Once again, we found evidence supporting the presence of an inverted-U relationship between CVT and cooperative behaviors, and we also found that ES moderated the relationships between the quadratic CVT term and cooperation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesca Lionetti
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Michael Pluess
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Sara Scrimin
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Merritt SH, Gaffuri K, Zak PJ. Accurately predicting hit songs using neurophysiology and machine learning. Front Artif Intell 2023; 6:1154663. [PMID: 37408542 PMCID: PMC10318137 DOI: 10.3389/frai.2023.1154663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying hit songs is notoriously difficult. Traditionally, song elements have been measured from large databases to identify the lyrical aspects of hits. We took a different methodological approach, measuring neurophysiologic responses to a set of songs provided by a streaming music service that identified hits and flops. We compared several statistical approaches to examine the predictive accuracy of each technique. A linear statistical model using two neural measures identified hits with 69% accuracy. Then, we created a synthetic set data and applied ensemble machine learning to capture inherent non-linearities in neural data. This model classified hit songs with 97% accuracy. Applying machine learning to the neural response to 1st min of songs accurately classified hits 82% of the time showing that the brain rapidly identifies hit music. Our results demonstrate that applying machine learning to neural data can substantially increase classification accuracy for difficult to predict market outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean H. Merritt
- Center for Neuroeconomics Studies, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA, United States
| | - Kevin Gaffuri
- Center for Neuroeconomics Studies, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA, United States
| | - Paul J. Zak
- Center for Neuroeconomics Studies, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA, United States
- Immersion Neuroscience, Henderson, NV, United States
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Lin LH, Narender R, Zak PJ. Why people keep watching: neurophysiologic immersion during video consumption increases viewing time and influences behavior. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:1053053. [PMID: 36582406 PMCID: PMC9792976 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.1053053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Streaming services provide people with a seemingly infinite set of entertainment choices. This large set of options makes the decision to view alternative content or stop consuming content altogether compelling. Yet, nearly all experimental studies of the attributes of video content and their ability to influence behavior require that participants view stimuli in their entirety. The present study measured neurophysiologic responses while participants viewed videos with the option to stop viewing without penalty in order to identify signals that capture the neural value of content. A post-video behavioral choice was included to reduce the likelihood that measured neurophysiologic responses were noise rather than signal. We found that a measure derived from neurophysiologic Immersion predicted how long participants would watch a video. Further, the time spent watching a video increased the likelihood that it influenced behavior. The analysis indicates that the neurologic value one receives helps explain why people continue to watch videos and why they are influenced by them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hsin Lin
- Center for Neuroeconomics Studies, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA, United States,Department of Economics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Rainita Narender
- Center for Neuroeconomics Studies, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA, United States
| | - Paul J. Zak
- Center for Neuroeconomics Studies, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Paul J. Zak
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Merritt SH, Krouse M, Alogaily RS, Zak PJ. Continuous Neurophysiologic Data Accurately Predict Mood and Energy in the Elderly. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12091240. [PMID: 36138976 PMCID: PMC9497070 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12091240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The elderly have an elevated risk of clinical depression because of isolation from family and friends and a reticence to report their emotional states. The present study explored whether data from a commercial neuroscience platform could predict low mood and low energy in members of a retirement community. Neurophysiologic data were collected continuously for three weeks at 1Hz and averaged into hourly and daily measures, while mood and energy were captured with self-reports. Two neurophysiologic measures averaged over a day predicted low mood and low energy with 68% and 75% accuracy. Principal components analysis showed that neurologic variables were statistically associated with mood and energy two days in advance. Applying machine learning to hourly data classified low mood and low energy with 99% and 98% accuracy. Two-day lagged hourly neurophysiologic data predicted low mood and low energy with 98% and 96% accuracy. This study demonstrates that continuous measurement of neurophysiologic variables may be an effective way to reduce the incidence of mood disorders in vulnerable people by identifying when interventions are needed.
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Russo V, Bilucaglia M, Zito M. From virtual reality to augmented reality: A neuromarketing perspective. Front Psychol 2022; 13:965499. [PMID: 36160557 PMCID: PMC9501971 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.965499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Russo
- Department of Business, Law, Economics and Consumer Behaviour “Carlo A. Ricciardi”, Università IULM, Milan, Italy
- Behavior and Brain Lab IULM, Neuromarketing Research Center, Università IULM, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Bilucaglia
- Department of Business, Law, Economics and Consumer Behaviour “Carlo A. Ricciardi”, Università IULM, Milan, Italy
- Behavior and Brain Lab IULM, Neuromarketing Research Center, Università IULM, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Marco Bilucaglia,
| | - Margherita Zito
- Department of Business, Law, Economics and Consumer Behaviour “Carlo A. Ricciardi”, Università IULM, Milan, Italy
- Behavior and Brain Lab IULM, Neuromarketing Research Center, Università IULM, Milan, Italy
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Yang B, Wu N, Tong Z, Sun Y. Narrative-Based Environmental Education Improves Environmental Awareness and Environmental Attitudes in Children Aged 6–8. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116483. [PMID: 35682068 PMCID: PMC9180338 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Environmental education can effectively raise people’s awareness of environmental protection and encourage appropriate behaviors. This study explored the effect of narrative-based environmental education on children’s environmental awareness. To this end, we recruited first- and second-grade students from two elementary schools to participate in an experiment in which differences between the group receiving narrative-based environmental video education and the control group were compared. It was found that narrative-based environmental education can effectively promote children’s environmental awareness, which was mainly reflected in their environmental knowledge and environmental attitudes, however, not significant in their pro-environmental behavior intention. These findings support the implementation of environmental education for students in lower grades in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Yang
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (B.Y.); (N.W.); (Z.T.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ningning Wu
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (B.Y.); (N.W.); (Z.T.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zepeng Tong
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (B.Y.); (N.W.); (Z.T.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (B.Y.); (N.W.); (Z.T.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence:
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Wekenborg MK, Hill LK, Grabbe P, Thayer JF, Kirschbaum C, Lindenlaub S, Arne Wittling R, von Dawans B. Associations between burnout symptoms and social behaviour: exploring the role of acute stress and vagal function. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:892. [PMID: 35509000 PMCID: PMC9069827 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13333-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aimed to investigate the link between burnout symptoms and prosocial behaviour, as well as the role of acute stress and vagally-mediated heart rate variability (vmHRV) on this association. METHODS Seventy men were randomly assigned to either the stress or the control condition of the Trier Social Stress Test for Groups (TSST-G). Prosocial behaviour was assessed via a social decision-making paradigm during the respective TSST-G condition. RESULTS Correlation analyses revealed negative correlations between prosocial behaviour and burnout symptoms. Acute stress was also associated with reduced prosocial behaviour, whereas no interaction effects with burnout symptoms could be revealed. Exploratory analyses showed that vmHRV was negatively correlated with burnout symptoms during the social decision-making paradigm but did not mediate the link between burnout and prosocial behaviour. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we report first experimental evidence that burnout symptoms are negatively associated with prosocial behaviour. Further studies are needed to explore the causal relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena K Wekenborg
- Department of Psychology, Chair of Biopsychology, Dresden, TU, Germany. .,Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Digital Health, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, TU, Germany.
| | - LaBarron K Hill
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Pia Grabbe
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julian F Thayer
- Department of Psychological Science, School of Social Ecology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Susan Lindenlaub
- Department of Psychology, Chair of Biopsychology, Dresden, TU, Germany
| | | | - Bernadette von Dawans
- Department of Biological and Clinical Psychology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany
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Zak PJ, Curry B, Owen T, Barraza JA. Oxytocin Release Increases With Age and Is Associated With Life Satisfaction and Prosocial Behaviors. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:846234. [PMID: 35530727 PMCID: PMC9069134 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.846234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Helping behaviors and life satisfaction generally increase after middle-age. Identifying the neural substrates of prosocial behaviors in older adults may offer additional insights into these changes over the lifespan. The present study examines the endogenous release of the neuromodulator oxytocin (OT) in participants aged 18-99 and its relationship to prosocial behaviors. OT has been shown to influence trust, altruism, charity, and generosity, yet the effect of age on OT release has not been well-established. Blood samples before and after a video stimulus were obtained from 103 participants in order to examine the impact of OT on prosocial behaviors. We found that OT release following a social prime increased with age (r = 0.49, p = 0.001) and that OT moderated the relationship between age and donations to charity. We tested for robustness by examining three additional prosocial behaviors, money and goods donated to charity during the past year and social-sector volunteering. OT moderated the impact of age on all three prosocial behaviors (ps < 0.05). The analysis also showed that participants' change in OT was positively associated with satisfaction with life (p = 0.04), empathic concern (p = 0.015), dispositional gratitude (p = 0.019), and religious commitment (p = 0.001). Our findings indicate that the neural chemistry that helps sustain social relationships and live a fulfilled life appear to strengthen with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J. Zak
- Center for Neuroeconomics Studies, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA, United States
| | - Ben Curry
- TripActions, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Tyler Owen
- Center for Neuroeconomics Studies, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA, United States
| | - Jorge A. Barraza
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Spelt HAA, Asta L, Kersten-van Dijk ET, Ham J, IJsselsteijn WA, Westerink JHDM. Exploring physiologic reactions to persuasive information. Psychophysiology 2022; 59:e14001. [PMID: 35066870 PMCID: PMC9285495 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Persuasion aims at changing peoples’ motivations and/or behaviors. This study explores how and when physiology reflects persuasion processes and specifically whether individual differences in motivations and behaviors affect psychophysiologic reactions to persuasive information. Participants (N = 70) with medium or high meat consumption patterns watched a persuasive video advocating limited meat consumption, while their electrodermal and cardiovascular physiology was measured. Results indicated that the video increased participants’ moral beliefs, perceived behavioral control, and reduction intentions. This study also found an increase in physiologic arousal during the persuasive video and that people with motivations less aligned to the persuasion objective had more physiologic arousal. The findings encourage further psychophysiologic persuasion research, especially as these insights can potentially be used to personalize persuasive messages of behavior change applications. Persuasion consists of a diversity of mental processes that despite the efforts of many scholars are not fully understood. This explorative manuscript describes an important next step in using peripheral physiology to get information about persuasion‐related processes. It describes how and when people’s physiologic activity changes due to persuasion and what these changes might mean for the personalization of Persuasive Technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne A A Spelt
- Digital Engagement, Cognition and Behavior Group, Philips Research, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Human-Technology Interaction Group, Faculty Industrial Engineering & Innovation Sciences, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Luisa Asta
- Human-Technology Interaction Group, Faculty Industrial Engineering & Innovation Sciences, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Els T Kersten-van Dijk
- Human-Technology Interaction Group, Faculty Industrial Engineering & Innovation Sciences, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Ham
- Human-Technology Interaction Group, Faculty Industrial Engineering & Innovation Sciences, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Wijnand A IJsselsteijn
- Human-Technology Interaction Group, Faculty Industrial Engineering & Innovation Sciences, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Joyce H D M Westerink
- Digital Engagement, Cognition and Behavior Group, Philips Research, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Human-Technology Interaction Group, Faculty Industrial Engineering & Innovation Sciences, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Goranson A, O’Fallon C, Gray K. The moral identity picture scale (MIPS): Measuring the full scope of moral identity. SELF AND IDENTITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2021.1990118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Goranson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Connor O’Fallon
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Kurt Gray
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
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A critical perspective on career shocks in a volatile environment: Red Cross staff and volunteers aiding migrants on their way to Europe in 2016. CAREER DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1108/cdi-10-2020-0281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the career shocks of Red Cross (RC) of Serbia staff and volunteers providing aid during the 2016 migrants’ influx. Specifically, the authors explore what the volatile environment in which RC staff and volunteers work can teach us about career shocks, and what makes a career shock for people whose everyday work entails stressful events.Design/methodology/approachThis study examined a number of anecdotes that reflect the career shock construct to a greater or lesser extent. These anecdotes were developed by RC staff and volunteers as part of a communications training storytelling exercise.FindingsThe authors analyzed these events from the perspective of recent developments in career shocks research and examined whether the anecdotes contained elements that would enable us to differentiate between career shocks and stressors. Those anecdotes found to be the most prototypical of career shocks, as opposed to stressors, were found to instigate in-depth reflection about the career, were identity related, and had a tangible career impact. Shocking events in the eyes of RC people entailed work demands that go beyond expectations, excessive media scrutiny, and conflicting values. The authors discuss how organizational values, fostering person–organization fit, providing organizational and collegial support, and deploying “weathered” staff, could comprise the “vaccine” that makes the organization immune to career shocks.Originality/valueBy taking a data before theory approach to the study of career shocks, this paper provides a novel perspective on the lived experiences of RC people, and how such experiences may be classified into career shocks or stressors.
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Roberts TJ, Ringler T, Krahn D, Ahearn E. The My Life, My Story Program: Sustained Impact of Veterans' Personal Narratives on Healthcare Providers 5 Years After Implementation. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2021; 36:829-836. [PMID: 31999933 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2020.1719316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Patient-centered care promotes positive patient, staff, and organizational outcomes. Communication is one critical element of patient-centered care. Establishing a patient-provider relationship in which a patient feels comfortable sharing their goals, preferences, and values is important to support patient-centered care and positive health outcomes. The My Life, My Story (MLMS) program was developed in 2013 to elicit and share Veterans' life stories with their healthcare providers. Life stories become part of the Veteran's chart so providers can access, read, and utilize as appropriate. To evaluate the program's sustained value and impact 5 years after implementation, healthcare staff were recruited to complete a short survey with closed and open-ended items. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the quantitative survey responses and thematic analysis was used to analyze qualitative responses. Approximately 94% of staff indicated they had read MLMS notes and over 86% agreed or strongly agreed that reading the notes was a good use of their clinical time and helped them provide better treatment or care. Staff also described making more personalized decisions about the plan of treatment or care delivery after knowing the Veteran better from their story. Our findings suggest the MLMS program has been well sustained over time, and the use of patient stories in healthcare may be a valuable, practical, and sustainable tool to support the delivery of patient-centered care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonya J Roberts
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital
- School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin - Madison
| | - Thor Ringler
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital
- School of Medicine & Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison
| | - Dean Krahn
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital
- School of Medicine & Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison
| | - Eileen Ahearn
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital
- School of Medicine & Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison
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Huynh E, Nyhout A, Ganea P, Chevalier F. Designing Narrative-Focused Role-Playing Games for Visualization Literacy in Young Children. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS 2021; 27:924-934. [PMID: 33048745 DOI: 10.1109/tvcg.2020.3030464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Building on game design and education research, this paper introduces narrative-focused role-playing games as a way to promote visualization literacy in young children. Visualization literacy skills are vital in understanding the world around us and constructing meaningful visualizations, yet, how to better develop these skills at an early age remains largely overlooked and understudied. Only recently has the visualization community started to fill this gap, resulting in preliminary studies and development of educational tools for use in early education. We add to these efforts through the exploration of gamification to support learning, and identify an opportunity to apply role-playing game-based designs by leveraging the presence of narratives in data-related problems involving visualizations. We study the effects of including narrative elements on learning through a technology probe, grounded in a set of design considerations stemming from visualization, game design and education science. We create two versions of a game - one with narrative elements and one without - and evaluate our instances on 33 child participants between 11- to 13-years old using a between-subjects study design. Despite participants requiring double the amount of time to complete their game due to additional narrative elements, the inclusion of such elements were found to improve engagement without sacrificing learning; our results indicate no significant differences in development of graph-reading skills, but significant differences in engagement and overall enjoyment of the game. We report observations and qualitative feedback collected, and note areas for improvement and room for future work.
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16
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Examining 'sticky' storytelling and moral claims as the essence of workplace bullying. Nurs Outlook 2020; 68:647-656. [PMID: 32622647 DOI: 10.1016/j.outlook.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fisher (1985) argued that "there is no genre…that is not an episode in the story of life" (p. 347). As they incorporate moral claims, stories become 'sticky,' even when they are not accurate of fact, shifting listener beliefs, values, and sense of self. PURPOSE This study examined 'sticky' storytelling and moral claims inherent in workplace bullying. METHOD Critical hermeneutic method nested within an integrative review served as the research approach, extending findings reported in published research reports and gray literature. FINDINGS Through polished use of rhetorical style and resource control strategies within tacitly or explicitly supportive workplace contexts, bullies construct convincing but morally disengaged narratives-sticky stories-that violate ethical principles and yield moral ambiguity for their victims as they impede workplace productivity. DISCUSSION Largely ineffective, policies aimed to stem bullying have done little to date to mitigate bullying's impact. Recognizing the moral storytelling characterizing workplace bullying might strengthen policy for constraining workplace bullying.
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Parton DM, McGinley JJ. At the heart of harm: Cardiac substrates of action-based aversion to harm. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Voluntary upregulation of heart rate variability through biofeedback is improved by mental contemplative training. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7860. [PMID: 31133673 PMCID: PMC6536553 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44201-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of the parasympathetic nervous system, indexed through high frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV), is indicative of physical and psychological health. However, little is known about the trainability of this capacity. We investigated the effects of a 9-month mental training program (the ReSource Project; n = 298) on voluntary HF-HRV upregulation, assessed with a novel biofeedback procedure. The program consisted of attentional, interoceptive, socio-affective and socio-cognitive training elements, all of which potentially influence parasympathetic regulation. Based on known links between oxytocin and parasympathetic activity, we also explored the relationship of HF-HRV upregulation to the oxytocin receptor system. We found that HF-HRV during the biofeedback session increased after 3 months of training, concomitant with prolonged respiration cycles. Breathing-controlled changes in HF-HRV upregulation, indicative of improved parasympathetic control, were significantly increased after 6 months of training. Homozygous risk allele carriers (AA) of the oxytocin receptor gene polymorphism rs53576 showed initially lower parasympathetic control, but fully compensated for their initial deficits through the training. No changes were found for HF-HRV at rest. Our data demonstrate that a mental training intervention extending over several months can increase the capacity for voluntary regulation of HF-HRV, with important implications for improving individual and societal health.
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Alexander V, Blinder C, Zak PJ. Why trust an algorithm? Performance, cognition, and neurophysiology. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2018.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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ElShafie SJ. Making Science Meaningful for Broad Audiences through Stories. Integr Comp Biol 2018; 58:1213-1223. [DOI: 10.1093/icb/icy103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sara J ElShafie
- Department of Integrative Biology and Museum of Paleontology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Baruch J, Springs S. Opioids and pain in the emergency department: a narrative crisis. MEDICAL HUMANITIES 2018; 44:213-216. [PMID: 29945943 DOI: 10.1136/medhum-2017-011429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The opioid crisis poses challenges to patients who come to the emergency department (ED) in pain and the clinicians who have a duty to offer relief. In search of help, patients often find suspicion. But clinicians have reasons to be concerned about feeding addiction and its lethal consequences. This article discusses the narrative challenges facing many clinicians in the ED tasked with caring for complex patients in pain. It will discuss the many ways our brains are influenced by story, and how this susceptibility is often beyond our grasp. And yet, narrative and story skills present great opportunities for improving pain management, not only when it comes to opioids, but by returning the focus back to the patient in pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Baruch
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Stacey Springs
- Center for Evidence Synthesis in Health, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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Abstract
Engaging with fictional stories and the characters within them might help us better understand our real-world peers. Because stories are about characters and their interactions, understanding stories might help us to exercise our social cognitive abilities. Correlational studies with children and adults, experimental research, and neuropsychological investigations have all helped develop our understanding of how stories relate to social cognition. However, there remain a number of limitations to the current evidence, some puzzling results, and several unanswered questions that should inspire future research. This review traces multiple lines of evidence tying stories to social cognition and raises numerous critical questions for the field.
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Mar RA. Evaluating whether stories can promote social cognition: Introducing the Social Processes and Content Entrained by Narrative (SPaCEN) framework. DISCOURSE PROCESSES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/0163853x.2018.1448209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Miller JG. Physiological mechanisms of prosociality. Curr Opin Psychol 2017; 20:50-54. [PMID: 28837956 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Psychophysiological perspectives can provide unique insights into the nature and motivations of children's prosociality and inform our understanding of individual differences. Here, I review current research on prosociality involving some of the most common physiological measures in developmental psychology, including cortisol, various sympathetic nervous system measures, and high-frequency heart rate variability. The literature has been quite mixed, in part because the link between physiology and prosociality is context-dependent and person-dependent. However, recent advances are refining our understanding of the basic physiological mechanisms of prosociality. Resting physiology that contributes to a balance of regulation and vigilance prepares children to effectively cope with future social challenges, like noticing and attending to the needs of others. Experiencing some arousal is an important aspect of empathy-related responding, but physiological patterns of both heightened and hypoarousal can undermine prosociality. Physiological flexibility in response to others' needs may support emotional and behavioral flexibility important for prosociality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas G Miller
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, 135 Young Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Abstract
Movies have changed dramatically over the last 100 years. Several of these changes in popular English-language filmmaking practice are reflected in patterns of film style as distributed over the length of movies. In particular, arrangements of shot durations, motion, and luminance have altered and come to reflect aspects of the narrative form. Narrative form, on the other hand, appears to have been relatively unchanged over that time and is often characterized as having four more or less equal duration parts, sometimes called acts - setup, complication, development, and climax. The altered patterns in film style found here affect a movie's pace: increasing shot durations and decreasing motion in the setup, darkening across the complication and development followed by brightening across the climax, decreasing shot durations and increasing motion during the first part of the climax followed by increasing shot durations and decreasing motion at the end of the climax. Decreasing shot durations mean more cuts; more cuts mean potentially more saccades that drive attention; more motion also captures attention; and brighter and darker images are associated with positive and negative emotions. Coupled with narrative form, all of these may serve to increase the engagement of the movie viewer.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E. Cutting
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Uris Hall, 109 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853-7601 USA
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26
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2 More than Just a Story: Narrative Insights into Comprehension, Ideology, and Decision Making. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1201/9781315369587-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
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Bornemann B, Kok BE, Böckler A, Singer T. Helping from the heart: Voluntary upregulation of heart rate variability predicts altruistic behavior. Biol Psychol 2016; 119:54-63. [PMID: 27381930 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Our various daily activities continually require regulation of our internal state. These regulatory processes covary with changes in High Frequency Heart Rate Variability (HF-HRV), a marker of parasympathetic activity. Specifically, incidental increases in HF-HRV accompany positive social engagement behavior and prosocial action. Little is known about deliberate regulation of HF-HRV and the role of voluntary parasympathetic regulation in prosocial behavior. Here, we present a novel biofeedback task that measures the ability to deliberately increase HF-HRV. In two large samples, we find that a) participants are able to voluntarily upregulate HF-HRV, and b) variation in this ability predicts individual differences in altruistic prosocial behavior, but not non-altruistic forms of prosociality, assessed through 14 different measures. Our findings suggest that self-induction of parasympathetic states is involved in altruistic action. The biofeedback task may provide a measure of deliberate parasympathetic regulation, with implications for the study of attention, emotion, and social behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Bornemann
- Department of Social Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Germany.
| | - Bethany E Kok
- Department of Social Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Germany
| | - Anne Böckler
- Department of Social Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Germany; Department of Psychology, Würzburg University, Germany
| | - Tania Singer
- Department of Social Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Germany
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Antonakis J, Bastardoz N, Jacquart P, Shamir B. Charisma: An Ill-Defined and Ill-Measured Gift. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY AND ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR 2016. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-041015-062305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John Antonakis
- Faculty of Business and Economics, Department of Organizational Behavior, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; ,
| | - Nicolas Bastardoz
- Faculty of Business and Economics, Department of Organizational Behavior, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; ,
| | | | - Boas Shamir
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel 91905
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