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Jamro IA, Raheem A, Khoso S, Baloch HA, Kumar A, Chen G, Bhagat WA, Wenga T, Ma W. Investigation of enhanced H 2 production from municipal solid waste gasification via artificial neural network with data on tar compounds. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 328:117014. [PMID: 36516712 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
An artificial neural network (ANN) is a biologically inspired computational technique that imitates the behavior and learning process of the human brain. In this study, ANN technique was applied to assess the gasification of municipal solid waste (MSW) with the aim of enhancing the H2 production. The experiments were conducted using a horizontal tube reactor under different parameters: temperatures, MSW loadings, residence times, and equivalence ratios. The input and output variables (released gases) were tested and trained using back-propagation algorithm, and the data distribution by K-fold contrivance. The values of the training (80% data) and validation (20% data) dataset were found satisfactory. The values of regression coefficient (R2) for the training phase were lied between 0.9392 and 0.9991, and 0.9363 and 0.993824 for the testing phase. Whereas; the values of root mean square error (RSME) for the training phase were lied between 0.4111 and 0.8422, and between 0.1476 and 0.7320 for the testing phase. Higher H2 production of 42.1 vol% was produced at the higher reaction temperature of 900 °C with LHV of 11.2 MJ/Nm3. According to the tar analysis, the dominant compounds were aromatics (17 compounds) followed by polycyclic aromatic, phenyl, aliphatic, aromatic heterocyclic, polycyclic, and aromatic ketone compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imtiaz Ali Jamro
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering / Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass-wastes Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Abdul Raheem
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Sukkur IBA University, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Salim Khoso
- School of Engineering, The University of Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Akash Kumar
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering / Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass-wastes Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Guanyi Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering / Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass-wastes Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Waheed Ali Bhagat
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Terrence Wenga
- Department of Soil Science and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture Environment and Food Systems, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP167 Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Wenchao Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering / Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass-wastes Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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Simulation of Two-Phase Flow and Syngas Generation in Biomass Gasifier Based on Two-Fluid Model. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15134800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The efficient use of renewable energy is receiving more and more attention in the context of “carbon neutrality” and “carbon peaking”. For a long time, biomass has been used less efficiently as a renewable energy source, but with the development of fluidized biomass gasification technology, it can play an increasing role in industrial production. A fluidized bed biomass gasifier has a strong nonstationary process due to its complex energy–mass exchange, and analysis of its complex reaction process and products has relied on experiments for a long time. This paper uses a Euler–Euler two-fluid model to establish a three-dimensional CFD model of the fluidized bed biomass gasifier, on which factors affecting syngas generation are analyzed. The simulation shows that increasing the initial bed temperature can effectively improve syngas production, while increasing the air equivalent is not beneficial for syngas production.
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Yang RX, Jan K, Chen CT, Chen WT, Wu KCW. Thermochemical Conversion of Plastic Waste into Fuels, Chemicals, and Value-Added Materials: A Critical Review and Outlooks. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200171. [PMID: 35349769 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plastic waste is an emerging environmental issue for our society. Critical action to tackle this problem is to upcycle plastic waste as valuable feedstock. Thermochemical conversion of plastic waste has received growing attention. Although thermochemical conversion is promising for handling mixed plastic waste, it typically occurs at high temperatures (300-800 °C). Catalysts can play a critical role in improving the energy efficiency of thermochemical conversion, promoting targeted reactions, and improving product selectivity. This Review aims to summarize the state-of-the-art of catalytic thermochemical conversions of various types of plastic waste. First, general trends and recent development of catalytic thermochemical conversions including pyrolysis, gasification, hydrothermal processes, and chemolysis of plastic waste into fuels, chemicals, and value-added materials were reviewed. Second, the status quo for the commercial implementation of thermochemical conversion of plastic waste was summarized. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives of catalytic thermochemical conversion of plastic waste including the design of sustainable and robust catalysts were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Xuan Yang
- Department of Plastics Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01851, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan
- Institute of Environmental Engineering and Management, National Taipei University of Technology, No.1 Sec. 3, Chung-Hsiao E. Rd., Taipei, 106344, Taiwan
| | - Kalsoom Jan
- Department of Plastics Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01851, USA
| | - Ching-Tien Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ting Chen
- Department of Plastics Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01851, USA
| | - Kevin C-W Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan
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Lu D, Yoshikawa K, Ismail TM, Abd El-Salam M. Assessment of the carbonized woody briquette gasification in an updraft fixed bed gasifier using the Euler-Euler model. APPLIED ENERGY 2018; 220:70-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Aida IMI, Salmiaton A, Nur DKB. Mixed Plastic Wastes Pyrolysis in a Fluidized Bed Reactor for Potential Diesel Production. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.7763/ijesd.2015.v6.666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Raheem A, W. A. K. G. WA, Taufiq Yap YH, Danquah MK, Harun R. Optimization of the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris for syngas production using central composite design. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra10503j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgal gasification for syngas production using a high temperature horizontal tubular furnace was optimized under varying conditions of temperature, microalgal biomass loading, heating rate and equivalent ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Raheem
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Universiti Putra Malaysia
- 43400 Serdang
- Malaysia
| | - Wan Azlina W. A. K. G.
- Catalysis Science and Technology Research Centre
- Faculty of Science
- Universiti Putra Malaysia
- Serdang
- Malaysia
| | - Y. H. Taufiq Yap
- Catalysis Science and Technology Research Centre
- Faculty of Science
- Universiti Putra Malaysia
- Serdang
- Malaysia
| | | | - Razif Harun
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Universiti Putra Malaysia
- 43400 Serdang
- Malaysia
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Ahmed R, Sinnathambi CM, Eldmerdash U, Subbarao D. Thermodynamics analysis of refinery sludge gasification in adiabatic updraft gasifier. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:758137. [PMID: 24672368 PMCID: PMC3932231 DOI: 10.1155/2014/758137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Limited information is available about the thermodynamic evaluation for biomass gasification process using updraft gasifier. Therefore, to minimize errors, the gasification of dry refinery sludge (DRS) is carried out in adiabatic system at atmospheric pressure under ambient air conditions. The objectives of this paper are to investigate the physical and chemical energy and exergy of product gas at different equivalent ratios (ER). It will also be used to determine whether the cold gas, exergy, and energy efficiencies of gases may be maximized by using secondary air injected to gasification zone under various ratios (0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5) at optimum ER of 0.195. From the results obtained, it is indicated that the chemical energy and exergy of producer gas are magnified by 5 and 10 times higher than their corresponding physical values, respectively. The cold gas, energy, and exergy efficiencies of DRS gasification are in the ranges of 22.9-55.5%, 43.7-72.4%, and 42.5-50.4%, respectively. Initially, all 3 efficiencies increase until they reach a maximum at the optimum ER of 0.195; thereafter, they decline with further increase in ER values. The injection of secondary air to gasification zone is also found to increase the cold gas, energy, and exergy efficiencies. A ratio of secondary air to primary air of 0.5 is found to be the optimum ratio for all 3 efficiencies to reach the maximum values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Ahmed
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 31750 Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Chandra M. Sinnathambi
- Fundamental and Applied Sciences Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 31750 Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Usama Eldmerdash
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 31750 Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Duvvuri Subbarao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 31750 Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia
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Senapati PK, Behera S. Experimental investigation on an entrained flow type biomass gasification system using coconut coir dust as powdery biomass feedstock. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 117:99-106. [PMID: 22613886 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 04/14/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Based on an entrained flow concept, a prototype atmospheric gasification system has been designed and developed in the laboratory for gasification of powdery biomass feedstock such as rice husks, coconut coir dust, saw dust etc. The reactor was developed by adopting L/D (height to diameter) ratio of 10, residence time of about 2s and a turn down ratio (TDR) of 1.5. The experimental investigation was carried out using coconut coir dust as biomass feedstock with a mean operating feed rate of 40 kg/h The effects of equivalence ratio in the range of 0.21-0.3, steam feed at a fixed flow rate of 12 kg/h, preheat on reactor temperature, product gas yield and tar content were investigated. The gasifier could able to attain high temperatures in the range of 976-1100 °C with gas lower heating value (LHV) and peak cold gas efficiency (CGE) of 7.86 MJ/Nm3 and 87.6% respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Senapati
- Design & Rural Technology Department, CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar 751 013, India.
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Biofuels Production from Biomass by Thermochemical Conversion Technologies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2012. [DOI: 10.1155/2012/542426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Agricultural biomass as an energy resource has several environmental and economical advantages and has potential to substantially contribute to present days’ fuel demands. Currently, thermochemical processes for agricultural biomass to energy transformation seem promising and feasible. The relative advantage of thermochemical conversion over others is due to higher productivity and compatibility with existing infrastructure facilities. However, the majority of these processes are still under development phase and trying to secure a market share due to various challenges, right from suitable infrastructure, raw material, technical limitations, government policies, and social acceptance. The knowledge at hand suggests that biomass can become a sustainable and major contributor to the current energy demands, if research and development are encouraged in the field of thermochemical conversion for various agricultural biomass types. This paper intends to explore the physical and chemical characteristics of biofuel substitutes of fossil fuels, potential biomass sources, and process parameters for thermochemical conversion.
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Jaojaruek K, Jarungthammachote S, Gratuito MKB, Wongsuwan H, Homhual S. Experimental study of wood downdraft gasification for an improved producer gas quality through an innovative two-stage air and premixed air/gas supply approach. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:4834-4840. [PMID: 21292477 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Revised: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This study conducted experiments on three different downdraft gasification approaches: single stage, conventional two-stage, and an innovative two-stage air and premixed air/gas supply approach. The innovative two-stage approach has two nozzle locations, one for air supply at combustion zone and the other located at the pyrolysis zone for supplying the premixed gas (air and producer gas). The producer gas is partially bypassed to mix with air and supplied to burn at the pyrolysis zone. The result shows that producer gas quality generated by the innovative two-stage approach improved as compared to conventional two-stage. The higher heating value (HHV) increased from 5.4 to 6.5 MJ/Nm(3). Tar content in producer gas reduced to less than 45 mg/Nm(3). With this approach, gas can be fed directly to an internal combustion engine. Furthermore, the gasification thermal efficiency also improved by approximately 14%. The approach gave double benefits on gas qualities and energy savings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitipong Jaojaruek
- Energy Research Laboratory of Mechanical Engineering (ERLoME), Faculty of Engineering KPS, Kasetsart University, Khamphengsaen, Nakornpathom, Thailand.
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Cheng G, Zhang L, He P, Yan F, Xiao B, Xu T, Jiang C, Zhang Y, Guo D. Pyrolysis of ramie residue: kinetic study and fuel gas produced in a cyclone furnace. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:3451-3456. [PMID: 21094601 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.10.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Revised: 10/23/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The thermal decomposition behavior of ramie residue (RR) and the characteristics of fuel gas produced in a cyclone furnace were studied. The pyrolysis kinetics was investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) at heating rates of 5-20°C/min. The results showed that RR mainly decomposed between 250 and 390°C, and the apparent activation energy ranged from 200 to 258 kJ/mol. In the cyclone furnace, fast pyrolysis, partial combustion and gasification occurred almost simultaneously, and the thermal energy was supplied by partial combustion of RR powder at the hypo stoichiometric amount of air. Higher effect of equivalence ratio (ER) led to higher reaction temperature and fewer contents of tar and char, but too high ER lowered fuel gas content and degraded fuel gas quality. Over the ranges of the experimental conditions, the gas yield varied between 1.07 and 2.08 N m(3)/kg and the LHV was between 3350 and 4798 kJ/Nm(3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gong Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
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