1
|
Duarte Neto JMW, Wanderley MCDA, da Silva TAF, Marques DAV, da Silva GR, Gurgel JF, Oliveira JDP, Porto ALF. Bacillus thuringiensis endotoxin production: a systematic review of the past 10 years. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:128. [PMID: 32712871 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02904-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is one of the most promising biological control agents used commercially. Its products can contribute to reducing ecological and environmental problems associated with the use of chemical pesticides. Among the limiting factors of using Bt as bioinsecticide are the costs and ensuring its biological activity, which may vary according to the strain and culture conditions. This systematic review aimed to collect state-of-the-art information on the production of Bt endotoxins and to score the methodological feasibility of the data obtained, thus highlighting possible incoherencies. In order to consolidate recent findings and guide future studies, a total of 47 original articles from the last 10 years was analysed, with special attention being given to corroborating data, identifying inconsistencies and suggesting future adjustments so as to increase data reliability. With a maximum score of 8 points, three production parameters were classified on the following scale: preferable (score: 2), adequate (score: 1) and inadequate (score: 0), and another two parameter were classified as adequate (score: 1) or inadequate (score: 0). No article scored more than 6 out of the maximum of 8, thus reflecting the need for more detailed studies regarding Bt endotoxin production. The lack of standardization of methods and units of measurement also have made a comparison of results and an overall analysis difficult. Standards are suggested in the present study. The inclusion of bioassays and quantifying toxin via alkaline dilution are strongly recommended for studies of this nature, along with LC50 expressed in mg/L. Sixteen articles (34%) did not use either of these suggested methods, which indicates the need for further supporting studies. These findings reinforce the need for robust studies in this area, which could include the development of more affordable and effective bioinsecticides, thus increasing their competitiveness against insecticides derived from unsustainable sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Manoel W Duarte Neto
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Agronomic Institute of Pernambuco, IPA, Av. General San Martin, Recife, PE, 137150761-000, Brazil.,Bioactives Technology Laboratory (LABTECBIO), Animal Morphology and Physiology Department, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, UFRPE, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros, n/nr, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil.,Keizo Asami Immunopathology Laboratory (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco, UFPE, Av. Prof. Moraes Lins Do Rego, n/nr, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Maria Carolina de A Wanderley
- Bioactives Technology Laboratory (LABTECBIO), Animal Morphology and Physiology Department, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, UFRPE, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros, n/nr, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil.,Keizo Asami Immunopathology Laboratory (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco, UFPE, Av. Prof. Moraes Lins Do Rego, n/nr, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Túlio Alexandre F da Silva
- Bioactives Technology Laboratory (LABTECBIO), Animal Morphology and Physiology Department, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, UFRPE, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros, n/nr, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Daniela A Viana Marques
- University of Pernambuco (UPE), Serra Talhada Campus, Av. Afonso Magalhães, n/nr, Serra Talhada, PE, Brazil
| | - Gilvanda R da Silva
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Agronomic Institute of Pernambuco, IPA, Av. General San Martin, Recife, PE, 137150761-000, Brazil
| | - Josimar Fernandes Gurgel
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Agronomic Institute of Pernambuco, IPA, Av. General San Martin, Recife, PE, 137150761-000, Brazil
| | - José de Paula Oliveira
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Agronomic Institute of Pernambuco, IPA, Av. General San Martin, Recife, PE, 137150761-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia F Porto
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Agronomic Institute of Pernambuco, IPA, Av. General San Martin, Recife, PE, 137150761-000, Brazil. .,Bioactives Technology Laboratory (LABTECBIO), Animal Morphology and Physiology Department, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, UFRPE, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros, n/nr, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil. .,Keizo Asami Immunopathology Laboratory (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco, UFPE, Av. Prof. Moraes Lins Do Rego, n/nr, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li P, Chen J, Li Y, Zhang K, Wang H. Possible mechanisms of control of Fusarium wilt of cut chrysanthemum by Phanerochaete chrysosporium in continuous cropping fields: A case study. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15994. [PMID: 29167484 PMCID: PMC5700048 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16125-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Continuous cropping is a universal challenge in agriculture because it has adverse physiological effects on plants, resulting in stunting, inferior quality, and even massive loss in harvest due to diseases. In this study, Phanerochaete chrysosporium was inoculated into the field in which cut chrysanthemum had already been continuously cropped for five years to control wilt disease. After 120 days of cultivation, the addition of P. chrysosporium significantly improved the physiological status of plants and changed the bacterial and fungal community structure in the soil. The bacterial quantity in the treatment increased by 1.76 times, but the fungal quantity, especially the quantity of Fusarium oxysporum, decreased significantly in comparison with the control. The investigation into the mechanisms of control of Fusarium wilt of cut chrysanthemum by P. chrysosporium showed that P. chrysosporium in soil can inhibit the growth of F. oxysporum and decrease p-hydroxybenzoic acid (HA), which stimulates the propagation of F. oxysporum. Based on current evidence, the inhibition by P. chrysosporium and change in HA appear to be the main causes of the alleviation of wilt disease in the treatment. Other factors, such as nutrients, might also have an influence on the wilt disease of cut chrysanthemum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Henan Province Engineering Laboratory for Bioconversion Technology of Functional Microbes, College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Jingchao Chen
- Henan Province Engineering Laboratory for Bioconversion Technology of Functional Microbes, College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Yi Li
- Henan Province Engineering Laboratory for Bioconversion Technology of Functional Microbes, College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Henan Province Engineering Laboratory for Bioconversion Technology of Functional Microbes, College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Hailei Wang
- Henan Province Engineering Laboratory for Bioconversion Technology of Functional Microbes, College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China.
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Center, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637141, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Horn S, Pieters R, Bezuidenhout C. Pathogenic features of heterotrophic plate count bacteria from drinking-water boreholes. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2016; 14:890-900. [PMID: 27959868 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2016.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that heterotrophic plate count (HPC) bacteria may be hazardous to humans with weakened health. We investigated the pathogenic potential of HPC bacteria from untreated borehole water, consumed by humans, for: their haemolytic properties, the production of extracellular enzymes such as DNase, proteinase, lipase, lecithinase, hyaluronidase and chondroitinase, the effect simulated gastric fluid has on their survival, as well as the bacteria's antibiotic-susceptible profile. HuTu-80 cells acted as model for the human intestine and were exposed to the HPC isolates to determine their effects on the viability of the cells. Several HPC isolates were α- or β-haemolytic, produced two or more extracellular enzymes, survived the SGF treatment, and showed resistance against selected antibiotics. The isolates were also harmful to the human intestinal cells to varying degrees. A novel pathogen score was calculated for each isolate. Bacillus cereus had the highest pathogen index: the pathogenicity of the other bacteria declined as follows: Aeromonas taiwanensis > Aeromonas hydrophila > Bacillus thuringiensis > Alcaligenes faecalis > Pseudomonas sp. > Bacillus pumilus > Brevibacillus sp. > Bacillus subtilis > Bacillus sp. These results demonstrated that the prevailing standards for HPCs in drinking water may expose humans with compromised immune systems to undue risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suranie Horn
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, Potchefstroom Campus, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa E-mail:
| | - Rialet Pieters
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, Potchefstroom Campus, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa E-mail:
| | - Carlos Bezuidenhout
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, Potchefstroom Campus, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
The correlation of the presence and expression levels of cry genes with the insecticidal activities against Plutella xylostella for Bacillus thuringiensis strains. Toxins (Basel) 2014; 6:2453-70. [PMID: 25153253 PMCID: PMC4147593 DOI: 10.3390/toxins6082453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of Bacillusthuringiensis (Bt) strains with high insecticidal activity is essential for the preparation of bioinsecticide. In this study, for 60 Bt strains isolated in Taiwan, their genotypes and the correlation of some cry genes as well as the expression levels of cry1 genes, with their insecticidal activities against Plutella xylostella, were investigated. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) results revealed that the genotypes of these Bt strains are highly diversified. Also, a considerable number of the Bt strains isolated in Taiwan were found to have high insecticidal activities. Since strains that showed individual combined patterns of PFGE and RAPD exhibited distinct insecticidal activities against P. xylostella, thus, these genotypes may be useful for the identification of the new Bt strains and those which have been used in bioinsecticides. In addition, although the presence of cry2Aa1 may have a greater effect on the insecticidal activity of Bt strains in bioassay than other cry genes, only high expression level of cry1 genes plays a key role to determine the insecticidal activity of Bt strains. In conclusion, both RAPD and PFGE are effective in the differentiation of Bt strains. The presence of cry2Aa1 and, especially, the expression level of cry1 genes are useful for the prediction of the insecticidal activities of Bt strains against P. xylostella.
Collapse
|
5
|
Li YL, Du J, Fang ZX, You J. Dissipation of insecticidal Cry1Ac protein and its toxicity to nontarget aquatic organisms. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:10864-10871. [PMID: 24151928 DOI: 10.1021/jf403472j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The widespread cultivation of Bacillus thuringiensis crops has raised public concerns on their risk to nontarget organisms. Persistence of Cry1Ac protein in soil, sediment and water and its toxicity to nontarget aquatic organisms were determined. The dissipation of Cry1Ac toxin was well described using first order kinetics, with the half-lives (DT50) ranging from 0.8 to 3.2, 2.1 to 7.6 and 11.0 to 15.8 d in soil, sediment and water, respectively. Microbial degradation played a key role in the dissipation of Cry1Ac toxin and high temperature accelerated the processes. Cry1Ac toxin was more toxic to the midge Chironomus dilutus than the amphipod Hyalella azteca, with the median lethal concentration (LC50) of C. dilutus being 155 ng/g dry weight and 201 ng/mL in 10-d sediment and 4-d water bioassays, respectively. While Cry1Ac toxin showed toxicity to the midges, risk of Bt proteins to aquatic nontarget organisms was limited because their environmentally relevant concentrations were much lower than the LC50s.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Liang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|