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Kumar K, Singh D. Toxicity and bioremediation of the lead: a critical review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024; 34:1879-1909. [PMID: 36617394 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2165047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Lead is a naturally occurring, bluish-gray metal that is found in small quantities in the earth's crust. The existing literature demonstrates that non-biodegradable character and continuous use results in accumulation of lead concentration in the environment and causes various ill effects such as neurotoxicity, change in psychological and behavioral development of different organisms. Nowadays the most effective technique in the revival of the environment is bioremediation and it is environmentally friendly and cost-effective. Bacterial strains such as Oceanobacillus profundus and Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC4356 have the ability to reduce lead 97% and 73.9%, respectively. Similarly some species of algae and fungal strains also showed lead removal efficiency as 74% (spirulina), 97.1% (Chlorella kessleri), 95.5% (Penicillium janthinillum) and 86% (Aspergillus flavus). Biodegradation of lead by various microbes would be the most efficient and sustainable approach. This review focuses on toxicity, fate of lead in the environment and its microbial degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushhal Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Jammu, Rahya-Suchani, Samba, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Devinder Singh
- Department of Zoology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India
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Chakdar H, Thapa S, Srivastava A, Shukla P. Genomic and proteomic insights into the heavy metal bioremediation by cyanobacteria. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127609. [PMID: 34772552 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals (HMs) pose a global ecological threat due to their toxic effects on aquatic and terrestrial life. Effective remediation of HMs from the environment can help to restore soil's fertility and ecological vigor, one of the key Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) set by the United Nations. The cyanobacteria have emerged as a potential option for bioremediation of HMs due to their unique adaptations and robust metabolic machineries. Generally, cyanobacteria deploy multifarious mechanisms such as biosorption, bioaccumulation, activation of metal transporters, biotransformation and induction of detoxifying enzymes to sequester and minimize the toxic effects of heavy metals. Therefore, understanding the physiological responses and regulation of adaptation mechanisms at molecular level is necessary to unravel the candidate genes and proteins which can be manipulated to improve the bioremediation efficiency of cyanobacteria. Chaperons, cellular metabolites (extracellular polymers, biosurfactants), transcriptional regulators, metal transporters, phytochelatins and metallothioneins are some of the potential targets for strain engineering. In the present review, we have discussed the potential of cyanobacteria for HM bioremediation and provided a deeper insight into their genomic and proteomic regulation of various tolerance mechanisms. These approaches might pave new possibilities of implementing genetic engineering strategies for improving bioremediation efficiency with a future perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillol Chakdar
- Microbial Technology Unit II, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms (NBAIM), Mau 275103, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shobit Thapa
- Microbial Technology Unit II, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms (NBAIM), Mau 275103, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, ID 47907-2048, United States
| | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India; Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India.
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Sun Q, Lin J, Ding S, Gao S, Gao M, Wang Y, Zhang C. A comprehensive understanding of enhanced Pb mobilization in sediments caused by algal blooms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 691:969-980. [PMID: 31326819 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A good understanding of lead (Pb) mobilization in eutrophic lakes is a key to the accurate assessment of Pb pollution. In this work, dissolved and labile Pb was determined by both high resolution dialysis (HR-Peeper) and diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) in sediment-water profiles of the hyper-eutrophic Meiliang Bay of Lake Taihu on a monthly basis during one year. The drinking water standards for dissolved Pb of the World Health Organization (10μg/L) and those of China were exceeded in the overlying water (20.79-118.5μg/L). Out of which, a total of five months even exceeded the fisheries water quality limitation (50μg/L) in China. The algal blooms created an anaerobic environment in the surface sediments in July. The reductive conditions led to the dissolution of Fe/Mn and this caused the release of Pb, followed by organic matter complexation. This was supported by the coincident changes of dissolved Pb with dissolved organic matter (DOM) in sediments under anaerobic incubation. Algae residue decomposition in October caused another distinct release of Pb, but this process should be considerably suppressed by increased sulfide precipitation and pyrite adsorption of Pb ion. These results indicated that Pb mobilization in sediments can be significantly enhanced by algal blooms in eutrophic lakes, indicating that further attention should be paid to Pb pollution in waters with harmful algal blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Juan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shiming Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Shuaishuai Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mingrui Gao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Nanjing EasySensor Environmental Technology Co., Ltd, Nanjing 210018, China
| | - Chaosheng Zhang
- International Network for Environment and Health, School of Geography and Archaeology and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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Kosek K, Polkowska Ż, Żyszka B, Lipok J. Phytoplankton communities of polar regions--Diversity depending on environmental conditions and chemical anthropopressure. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 171:243-259. [PMID: 26846983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The polar regions (Arctic and Antarctic) constitute up to 14% of the biosphere and offer some of the coldest and most arid Earth's environments. Nevertheless several oxygenic phototrophs including some higher plants, mosses, lichens, various algal groups and cyanobacteria, survive that harsh climate and create the base of the trophic relationships in fragile ecosystems of polar environments. Ecosystems in polar regions are characterized by low primary productivity and slow growth rates, therefore they are more vulnerable to disturbance, than those in temperate regions. From this reason, chemical contaminants influencing the growth of photoautotrophic producers might induce serious disorders in the integrity of polar ecosystems. However, for a long time these areas were believed to be free of chemical contamination, and relatively protected from widespread anthropogenic pressure, due their remoteness and extreme climate conditions. Nowadays, there is a growing amount of data that prove that xenobiotics are transported thousands of kilometers by the air and ocean currents and then they are deposed in colder regions and accumulate in many environments, including the habitats of marine and freshwater cyanobacteria. Cyanobacteria (blue green algae), as a natural part of phytoplankton assemblages, are globally distributed, but in high polar ecosystems they represent the dominant primary producers. These microorganisms are continuously exposed to various concentration levels of the compounds that are present in their habitats and act as nourishment or the factors influencing the growth and development of cyanobacteria in other way. The most common group of contaminants in Arctic and Antarctic are persistent organic pollutants (POPs), characterized by durability and resistance to degradation. It is important to determine their concentrations in all phytoplankton species cells and in their environment to get to know the possibility of contaminants to transfer to higher trophic levels, considering however that some strains of microalgae are capable of metabolizing xenobiotics, make them less toxic or even remove them from the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Kosek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., Gdansk 80-233, Poland.
| | - Żaneta Polkowska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., Gdansk 80-233, Poland.
| | - Beata Żyszka
- Department of Analytical and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Opole University, Oleska 48 St., Opole 45-052, Poland.
| | - Jacek Lipok
- Department of Analytical and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Opole University, Oleska 48 St., Opole 45-052, Poland.
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Miranda J, Krishnakumar G, Gonsalves R. Lead sorption by living biomass of Chroococcus multicoloratus and Oscillatoria trichoides: kinetics and equilibrium studies. ANN MICROBIOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-012-0509-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Miranda J, Krishnakumar G, D’Silva A. Removal of Pb2+ from aqueous system by live Oscillatoria laete-virens (Crouan and Crouan) Gomont isolated from industrial effluents. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 28:3053-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-012-1115-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Abdel-Raouf N, Al-Homaidan A, Ibraheem I. Microalgae and wastewater treatment. Saudi J Biol Sci 2012; 19:257-75. [PMID: 24936135 PMCID: PMC4052567 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2012.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 407] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2012] [Revised: 04/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic and inorganic substances which were released into the environment as a result of domestic, agricultural and industrial water activities lead to organic and inorganic pollution. The normal primary and secondary treatment processes of these wastewaters have been introduced in a growing number of places, in order to eliminate the easily settled materials and to oxidize the organic material present in wastewater. The final result is a clear, apparently clean effluent which is discharged into natural water bodies. This secondary effluent is, however, loaded with inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus and causes eutrophication and more long-term problems because of refractory organics and heavy metals that are discharged. Microalgae culture offers an interesting step for wastewater treatments, because they provide a tertiary biotreatment coupled with the production of potentially valuable biomass, which can be used for several purposes. Microalgae cultures offer an elegant solution to tertiary and quandary treatments due to the ability of microalgae to use inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus for their growth. And also, for their capacity to remove heavy metals, as well as some toxic organic compounds, therefore, it does not lead to secondary pollution. In the current review we will highlight on the role of micro-algae in the treatment of wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Abdel-Raouf
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Medical Studies and Sciences Sections, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A.A. Al-Homaidan
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, P.O. Box 2455, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - I.B.M. Ibraheem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, P.O. Box 2455, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
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Njoku VO, Ayuk AA, Oguzie EE, Ejike EN. Biosorption of Cd(II) From Aqueous Solution by Cocoa Pod Husk Biomass: Equilibrium, Kinetic, and Thermodynamic Studies. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2011.626829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Kumar D, Rai J, Gaur JP. Removal of metal ions by Phormidium bigranulatum (cyanobacteria)-dominated mat in batch and continuous flow systems. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 104:202-207. [PMID: 22119430 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Revised: 10/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Live Phormidium bigranulatum-dominated mat successfully removed Pb(II), Cu(II) and Cd(II) from aqueous solution. Percent metal removal approached equilibrium within 4h, independent of mat thickness (0.2-1.6 mm), in batch system. But % metal removal increased with increase in mat thickness due to enhancement of biomass, which provided more metal binding sites. Metal accumulation decreased with increase in mat thickness due to lessened metal availability vis-à-vis biomass. Metal removal (%) increased with increasing mat area, but decreased with increasing metal concentration in the solution. In continuous flow system, metal accumulation increased with increasing volume of single or multi-metal solution passed over the mat. The mat removed all the tested metals from the multi-metal solution with almost the same efficiency. The maximum removal of the test metals occurred at the lowest tested flow rate. Raceway type ponds can be employed for large-scale use of Phormidium mat in bioremediation of metalliferous wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhananjay Kumar
- Laboratory of Algal Biology, Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
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Exopolysaccharide-producing cyanobacteria in heavy metal removal from water: molecular basis and practical applicability of the biosorption process. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 92:697-708. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3601-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Revised: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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