1
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Yang Q, Zhang L, Lian Z, Zhang J. Efficient co-production of xylo-oligosaccharides and probiotics from corncob by combined lactic acid pretreatment and two-step enzymatic hydrolysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 382:129172. [PMID: 37201871 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Lactic acid (LA) is efficient in xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) production from poplar. However, the role of LA in XOS production from corncob has not been carefully elucidated, and the co-production of probiotics of Bacillus subtilis from corncob residue has not been reported. In this study, LA pretreatment was combined with enzymatic hydrolysis to produce XOS and monosaccharides from corncob. An XOS yield of 69.9% was obtained from corncob by combining 2% LA pretreatment and xylanase hydrolysis. Yields of 95.6% glucose and 54.0% xylose were obtained from corncob residue via cellulase, and the resulting cellulase hydrolysate was used to culture B. subtilis YS01. The resulting viable count of the strain was 6.4×108 CFU/mL, and the glucose and xylose utilization rates were 99.0% and 89.8%, respectively. This study demonstrates a green, efficient, and mild process for producing XOS and probiotics from corncob by combining LA pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Yang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass-based Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Civilian NBC Protection, Beijing 102205, PR China
| | - Zhina Lian
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass-based Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Junhua Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass-based Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing 210037, China.
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2
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Chen Y, Liao X, Li Y, Cao H, Zhang F, Fei B, Bao C, Cao H, Mao Y, Chen X, Gao X, Zhao W, Xu J. Effects of prebiotic supplement on gut microbiota, drug bioavailability, and adverse effects in patients with colorectal cancer at different primary tumor locations receiving chemotherapy: study protocol for a randomized clinical trial. Trials 2023; 24:268. [PMID: 37046334 PMCID: PMC10091326 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07137-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of colorectal cancer (CRC) worldwide is a huge challenge to human health. Primary tumor locations found to impact prognosis and response to therapy. The important role of gut microbiota in the progression and treatment of CRC has led to many attempts of alleviating chemotherapy-induced adverse effects using microecologics. However, the underlying mechanism of the difference in the prognosis of different primary tumor locations and the synergistic effect of prebiotics on chemotherapy need to be further elucidated. This study aims to explore the differences in tumor microbiota and examine the effectiveness of xylooligosaccharides (XOS) on gut microbiota, adverse effects, and bioavailability of chemotherapy drugs in CRC patients at different primary tumor locations. METHODS This is a double-blinded, randomized, parallel controlled clinical trial. Participants with left-sided CRC (LSCRC, n = 50) and right-sided CC (RSCC, n = 50) will randomly allocated to prebiotic group (n = 25) or control group (n = 25) and will receive either a daily XOS (3 g/day) or placebo, respectively, for 12 weeks. The primary outcomes will be the differences in the mucosa microbiota composition at different tumor locations and differences in gut microbiota composition, adverse effects, and blood concentration of capecitabine posttreatment. The secondary outcomes will include other blood indicators, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentration, quality of life, and mental health. DISCUSSION This study will reveal the potential benefits of prebiotic for improving the gut microbiota composition, alleviating the adverse effects, and improving the efficacy of chemotherapy in patients with CRC. In addition, this study will provide data on the different distribution of tumor microbiota and the different changes of gut microbiota during treatment in LSCRC and RSCC, which may provide novel insights into personalized cancer treatment strategies based on primary tumor locations and gut microbiota in the future. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ( www.chictr.org.cn ): ChiCTR2100046237. Registered on 12 May 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiaowei Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yanmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Hong Cao
- Department of Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Bojian Fei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Chuanqing Bao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Huaxiang Cao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yong Mao
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Jianmin Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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3
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Yan F, Tian S, Du K, Xue X, Gao P, Chen Z. Preparation and nutritional properties of xylooligosaccharide from agricultural and forestry byproducts: A comprehensive review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:977548. [PMID: 36176637 PMCID: PMC9513447 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.977548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Xylooligosaccharide (XOS) are functional oligosaccharides with prebiotic activities, which originate from lignocellulosic biomass and have attracted extensive attention from scholars in recent years. This paper summarizes the strategies used in the production of XOS, and introduces the raw materials, preparation methods, and purification technology of XOS. In addition, the biological characteristics and applications of XOS are also presented. The most commonly recommended XOS production strategy is the two-stage method of alkaline pre-treatment and enzymatic hydrolysis; and further purification by membrane filtration to achieve the high yield of XOS is required for prebiotic function. At the same time, new strategies and technologies such as the hydrothermal and steam explosion have been used as pre-treatment methods combined with enzymatic hydrolysis to prepare XOS. XOS have many critical physiological activities, especially in regulating blood glucose, reducing blood lipid, and improving the structure of host intestinal flora.
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4
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Gautério GV, Hübner T, Ribeiro TDR, Ziotti APM, Kalil SJ. Xylooligosaccharide Production with Low Xylose Release Using Crude Xylanase from Aureobasidium pullulans: Effect of the Enzymatic Hydrolysis Parameters. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:862-881. [PMID: 34550500 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03658-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Xylooligosaccharides (XOS) are non-digestible and fermentable oligomers that stand out for their efficient production by enzymatic hydrolysis and beneficial effects on human health. This study aimed to investigate the influence of the main reaction parameters of the beechwood xylan hydrolysis using crude xylanase from Aureobasidium pullulans CCT 1261, thus achieving the maximum XOS production. The effects of temperature (40 to 50 °C), reaction time (12 to 48 h), type of agitation, substrate concentration (1 to 6%, w/v), xylanase loading (100 to 300 U/g xylan), and pH (4.0 to 6.0) on the XOS production were fully evaluated. The most suitable conditions for XOS production included orbital shaking of 180 rpm, 40 °C, and 24 h of reaction. High contents of total XOS (10.1 mg/mL) and XOS with degree of polymerization (DP) of 2-3 (9.7 mg/mL), besides to a high percentage of XOS (99.1%), were obtained at 6% (w/v) of beechwood xylan, xylanase loading of 260 U/g xylan, and pH 6.0. The establishment of the best hydrolysis conditions allowed increasing both the content of total XOS 1.5-fold and the percentage of XOS by 9.4%, when compared to the initial production (6.7 mg/mL and 89.7%, respectively). Thus, this study established an efficient enzymatic hydrolysis process that results in a hydrolysate containing XOS with potential prebiotic character (i.e., rich in XOS with DP 2-3) and low xylose amounts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tamires Hübner
- Federal University of Rio Grande, School of Chemistry and Food, Rio Grande, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Tairine da Rosa Ribeiro
- Federal University of Rio Grande, School of Chemistry and Food, Rio Grande, 96203-900, Brazil
| | | | - Susana Juliano Kalil
- Federal University of Rio Grande, School of Chemistry and Food, Rio Grande, 96203-900, Brazil
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5
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Boonyapakron K, Chitnumsub P, Kanokratana P, Champreda V. Enhancement of catalytic performance of a metagenome-derived thermophilic oligosaccharide-specific xylanase by binding module removal and random mutagenesis. J Biosci Bioeng 2020; 131:13-19. [PMID: 33067124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2020.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Xylo-oligosaccharide (XO) is a promising pre-biotic with applications in food, feed and healthcare products. XO can be produced by enzymatic digestion of xylan with xylanase. In this study, we aimed to improve the biochemical properties relevant to catalysis and kinetics of X11, a thermophilic glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 11 endo-β-1,4-xylanase derived from a metagenomic library isolated from sugarcane bagasse, under high-temperature conditions preferred for XO synthesis. Removal of a carbohydrate-binding module (X11C) resulted in 6.5 fold greater catalytic efficiency. X11C was further improved by a Pro71Thr mutation in the X11P variant obtained from a random mutagenesis library, which exhibited 15.9 fold greater catalytic efficiency compared with wild-type X11 under the enzyme's optimal conditions of 80°C and pH 6.0. Homology modeling suggested that the improved performance of X11P could be attributed to formation of an extra H-bond between Thr71 and Ser75, which stabilizes the key catalytic residue Glu180 at the active pocket and β-sheet layers and agrees with the respective increase in melting temperature (Tm) where X11P >X11C >X11 as determined by differential scanning fluorimetry. The X11P variant was tested for hydrolysis of beechwood xylan, which showed X6 as the major product followed by X3 and X4 XOs. The highest yield of 5.5 g total XOs product/mg enzyme was observed for X11P, equivalent to 3.7 fold higher than that of wild-type with XO production of >800 mg/g xylan. The X11P enzyme could be developed as a thermophilic biocatalyst for XO synthesis in biorefineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katewadee Boonyapakron
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Penchit Chitnumsub
- Biomolecular Analysis and Application Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Pattanop Kanokratana
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Verawat Champreda
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand.
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6
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Alokika, Singh B. Production, characteristics, and biotechnological applications of microbial xylanases. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:8763-8784. [PMID: 31641815 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10108-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Microbial xylanases have gathered great attention due to their biotechnological potential at industrial scale for many processes. A variety of lignocellulosic materials, such as sugarcane bagasse, rice straw, rice bran, wheat straw, wheat bran, corn cob, and ragi bran, are used for xylanase production which also solved the great issue of solid waste management. Both solid-state and submerged fermentation have been used for xylanase production controlled by various physical and nutritional parameters. Majority of xylanases have optimum pH in the range of 4.0-9.0 with optimum temperature at 30-60 °C. For biochemical, molecular studies and also for successful application in industries, purification and characterization of xylanase have been carried out using various appropriate techniques. Cloning and genetic engineering are used for commercial-level production of xylanase, to meet specific economic viability and industrial needs. Microbial xylanases are used in various biotechnological applications like biofuel production, pulp and paper industry, baking and brewing industry, food and feed industry, and deinking of waste paper. This review describes production, characteristics, and biotechnological applications of microbial xylanases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alokika
- Laboratory of Bioprocess Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Bijender Singh
- Laboratory of Bioprocess Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India. .,Department of Biotechnology, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Life Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, Mahendergarh, Haryana, 123031, India.
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7
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Singh A, Sharma D, Varghese LM, Mahajan R. Fast flow rate processes for purification of alkaline xylanase isoforms from Bacillus pumilus AJK and their biochemical characterization for industrial application purposes. Biotechnol Prog 2019; 36:e2898. [PMID: 31469503 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study shows the presence of five isozymic forms of alkaline xylanase from Bacillus pumilus using fast flow rate microfiltration, ultrafiltration, Q-sepharose, and phenyl sepharose chromatographic techniques. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, high-performance liquid chromatography, and zymographic studies also revealed the purity of five isoforms of alkaline xylanases. Isoforms-X-I, X-III, and X-V exhibited optimum activity at pH 8.5, whereas X-II, X-IV showed maximum activity at pH 9. All isoforms were optimally active at temperature 55°C. Isoforms were found to be stable at pH 7-11, showed 92-100% residual activity after 3 hr, treatment time for most industrial applications. The isoforms retained nearly 80-86% residual activity after incubating at 45°C for 3 hr. Molecular weights of xylanase I-V, were 13.1, 15.3, 18.4, 20.1, and 21.0 kDa, respectively. Mg2+ ions were found to be potent activator for all isozymic forms. The Km and Vmax values of X-I, X-II, X-III, X-IV, and X-V were 6.71, 6.66, 7.14, 5.88, 6.25 mg/ml and 2,000, 1,695, 1,666.66, 1,428.57, and 1,408.45 IU/mg protein, respectively. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis revealed the monomeric nature of all isoforms. The low-molecular masses, significantly enhanced activity in the presence of industrially suitable-low cost activator, better stability of all isoforms at pH 7-11 and at higher temperature, also presence of multiple forms of alkaline xylanase, makes this enzyme suitable for textile-paper industries. This is also the first report mentioning the purification of five isozymic forms of alkaline xylanase using fast flow rate techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avtar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Divya Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Libin M Varghese
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Ritu Mahajan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
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8
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Xian L, Li Z, Tang AX, Qin YM, Li QY, Liu HB, Liu YY. A novel neutral and thermophilic endoxylanase from Streptomyces ipomoeae efficiently produced xylobiose from agricultural and forestry residues. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 285:121293. [PMID: 30999191 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.03.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Endoxylanases capable of producing high ratios of xylobiose from agricultural and forestry residues in neutral and high temperature conditions are attractive for the prebiotic and alternative sweetener industries. In this study, a putative glycosyl hydrolase gene from Streptomyces ipomoeae was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant enzyme, named as SipoEnXyn10A, hydrolyzed beechwood xylan in endo-action mode releasing xylobiose as its main end product. It was most active at pH 6.5 and 75-80 °C and showed remarkable stability at 65 °C. The xylobiose yield from 10 g corncob and moso bamboo reached 1.123 ± 0.021 and 0.229 ± 0.005 g, respectively, at pH 6.5 and 70 °C, whichwas higher than other reports using the same material. Moreover, high ratios of xylobiose in the xylose-based product of about 85% were obtained from corncob, moso bamboo sawdust, cassava stem and Chinese fir sawdust. These results demonstrated that SipoEnXyn10A has potential for industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xian
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Zhong Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Ai-Xing Tang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biorefinery, Nanning 530003, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Yi-Min Qin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biorefinery, Nanning 530003, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Qing-Yun Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biorefinery, Nanning 530003, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Hai-Bo Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biorefinery, Nanning 530003, Guangxi, PR China
| | - You-Yan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biorefinery, Nanning 530003, Guangxi, PR China.
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9
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de Oliveira Simões LC, da Silva RR, de Oliveira Nascimento CE, Boscolo M, Gomes E, da Silva R. Purification and Physicochemical Characterization of a Novel Thermostable Xylanase Secreted by the Fungus Myceliophthora heterothallica F.2.1.4. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 188:991-1008. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-02973-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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10
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Sun D, Wang HM, Wang B, Wen JL, Li MF, Sun RC. Comparative study of hemicelluloses from Hybrid Pennisetum via a green and clean integrated process. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 205:135-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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11
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Wang Y, Cao X, Zhang R, Xiao L, Yuan T, Shi Q, Sun R. Evaluation of xylooligosaccharide production from residual hemicelluloses of dissolving pulp by acid and enzymatic hydrolysis. RSC Adv 2018; 8:35211-35217. [PMID: 35547053 PMCID: PMC9087475 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07140c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Xylooligosaccharides (XOS) are useful food and pharmaceutical additives, which can be produced from various xylans. However, the XOS prepared from lignocellulosic materials are difficult to purify due to the complexity of the degradation products. Thus, hemicelluloses with a high-purity will be the preferred feedstock for XOS production. In this work, acid hydrolysis and enzymatic hydrolysis were applied to prepare XOS from the residual hemicelluloses of the dissolving pulp. The results showed that the highest XOS yield (45.18%) obtained from the acid hydrolysis was achieved with 1% sulfuric acid at 120 °C for 60 min, and xylohexaose accounted for 47% of the XOS. For enzymatic hydrolysis, under optimal conditions, the highest XOS yield of 42.96% was observed, and xylobiose and xylotriose comprised 90.5% of the XOS. It is suggested that the distribution of the XOS could be controlled significantly according to the enzymatic or acid hydrolysis conditions used. The hemicelluloses extracted from dissolving pulp were applied to produce xylooligosaccharides (XOS) by acid and enzymatic hydrolysis.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry
- Beijing Forestry University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Xuefei Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry
- Beijing Forestry University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Ruochen Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry
- Beijing Forestry University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Lin Xiao
- Shandong Longlive Bio-Technology Co., Ltd
- China
| | - Tongqi Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry
- Beijing Forestry University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Quentin Shi
- Jining Mingsheng New Materials Co., Ltd
- Xinglong Industrial Park
- Jining City
- China
| | - Runcang Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry
- Beijing Forestry University
- Beijing
- China
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12
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Linares-Pastén JA, Aronsson A, Karlsson EN. Structural Considerations on the Use of Endo-Xylanases for the Production of prebiotic Xylooligosaccharides from Biomass. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2018; 19:48-67. [PMID: 27670134 PMCID: PMC5738707 DOI: 10.2174/1389203717666160923155209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Xylooligosaccharides (XOS) have gained increased interest as prebiotics during the last years. XOS and arabinoxylooligosaccharides (AXOS) can be produced from major fractions of biomass including agricultural by-products and other low cost raw materials. Endo-xylanases are key enzymes for the production of (A)XOS from xylan. As the xylan structure is broadly diverse due to different substitutions, diverse endo-xylanases have evolved for its degradation. In this review structural and functional aspects are discussed, focusing on the potential applications of endo-xylanases in the production of differently substituted (A)XOS as emerging prebiotics, as well as their implication in the processing of the raw materials. Endo-xylanases are found in at least eight different glycoside hydrolase families (GH), and can either have a retaining or an inverting catalytic mechanism. To date, it is mainly retaining endo-xylanases that are used in applications to produce (A)XOS. Enzymes from these GH-families (mainly GH10 and GH11, and the more recently investigated GH30) are taken as prototypes to discuss substrate preferences and main products obtained. Finally, the need of new and accessory enzymes (new specificities from new families or sources) to increase the yield of different types of (A)XOS is discussed, along with in vitro tests of produced oligosaccharides and production of enzymes in GRAS organisms to facilitate use in functional food manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Aronsson
- Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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13
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Cartaxo da Costa Urtiga S, Aquino Azevedo de Lucena Gabi C, Rodrigues de Araújo Eleamen G, Santos Souza B, Pessôa HDLF, Marcelino HR, Afonso de Moura Mendonça E, Egito ESTD, Oliveira EE. Preparation and characterization of safe microparticles based on xylan. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2017; 43:1601-1609. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2017.1326932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Cartaxo da Costa Urtiga
- Departamento de Farmácia, Laboratório de Sistemas Dispersos (LaSiD), Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Petrópolis, Natal, Brazil
- Laboratório de Síntese e Vetorização de Moléculas (LSVM)., Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | | | - Bartolomeu Santos Souza
- Departamento de Farmácia, Laboratório de Sistemas Dispersos (LaSiD), Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Petrópolis, Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Henrique Rodrigues Marcelino
- Departamento de Farmácia, Laboratório de Sistemas Dispersos (LaSiD), Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Petrópolis, Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Eryvaldo Sócrates Tabosa do Egito
- Departamento de Farmácia, Laboratório de Sistemas Dispersos (LaSiD), Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Petrópolis, Natal, Brazil
| | - Elquio Eleamen Oliveira
- Laboratório de Síntese e Vetorização de Moléculas (LSVM)., Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
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14
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Ma R, Bai Y, Huang H, Luo H, Chen S, Fan Y, Cai L, Yao B. Utility of Thermostable Xylanases of Mycothermus thermophilus in Generating Prebiotic Xylooligosaccharides. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:1139-1145. [PMID: 28067041 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Xylooligosaccharides as emerging prebiotics are able to promote the growth of probiotic bacteria. In the present study, four neutral, thermostable xylanases (MtXyn11A, MtXyn11At, MtXyn11B, and MtXyn11C) from compost fungus Mycothermus thermophilus CGMCC3.18119 were overexpressed in Pichia pastoris GS115 and used to produce xylooligosaccharides from beechwood xylan. The enzymes showed similar enzymatic properties (maximal activities at pH 6.0-6.5 and 65 °C) but varied in catalytic efficiency and cleaving actions. MtXyn11A, MtXyn11At, and MtXyn11C mainly produced xylobiose (59-62%), xylose (16-20%), and xylotriose (16-19%), while MtXyn11B released xylobiose (51%), xylotriose (32%), and xylose (12%) as the main products. When using the xylan hydrolysates of different xylanases as the carbon source, four probiotic Lactobacillus strains Lactobacillus brevis 1.2028, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Lactobacillus casei BL23, and Lactobacillus plantarum WCSF1 were confirmed to use the xylooligosaccharides efficiently (83.8-98.2%), with L. brevis 1.2028 as the greatest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100094, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | - Sanfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100094, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Lei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
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15
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Hemicellulose isolation, characterization, and the production of xylo-oligosaccharides from the wastewater of a viscose fiber mill. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 141:238-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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16
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Production and optimization of xylooligosaccharides from corncob by Bacillus aerophilus KGJ2 xylanase and its antioxidant potential. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 79:595-600. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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17
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An J, Xie Y, Zhang Y, Tian D, Wang S, Yang G, Feng Y. Characterization of a thermostable, specific GH10 xylanase from Caldicellulosiruptor bescii with high catalytic activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Okeke BC, Hall RW, Nanjundaswamy A, Thomson MS, Deravi Y, Sawyer L, Prescott A. Selection and molecular characterization of cellulolytic–xylanolytic fungi from surface soil-biomass mixtures from Black Belt sites. Microbiol Res 2015; 175:24-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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19
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Carvalho AFA, Neto PDO, Zaghetto de Almeida P, Bueno da Silva J, Escaramboni B, Pastore GM. Screening of Xylanolytic Aspergillus fumigatus for Prebiotic Xylooligosaccharide Production Using Bagasse. Food Technol Biotechnol 2015; 53:428-435. [PMID: 27904377 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.53.04.15.4160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugarcane bagasse is an important lignocellulosic material studied for the production of xylooligosaccharides (XOS). Some XOS are considered soluble dietary fibre, with low caloric value and prebiotic effect, but they are expensive and not easily available. In a screening of 138 fungi, only nine were shortlisted, and just Aspergillus fumigatus M51 (35.6 U/mL) and A. fumigatus U2370 (28.5 U/mL) were selected as the most significant producers of xylanases. These fungi had low β-xylosidase activity, which is desirable for the production of XOS. The xylanases from Trichoderma reesei CCT 2768, A. fumigatus M51 and A. fumigatus U2370 gave a significantly higher XOS yield, 11.9, 14.7 and 7.9% respectively, in a 3-hour reaction with hemicellulose from sugarcane bagasse. These enzymes are relatively thermostable at 40-50 °C and can be used in a wide range of pH values. Furthermore, these xylanases produced more prebiotic XOS (xylobiose and xylotriose) when compared with a commercial xylanase. The xylanases from A. fumigatus M51 reached a high level of XOS production (37.6%) in 48-72 h using hemicellulose extracted from sugarcane bagasse. This yield represents 68.8 kg of prebiotic XOS per metric tonne of cane bagasse. In addition, in a biorefinery, after hemicellulose extraction for XOS production, the residual cellulose could be used for the production of second-generation ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Flavia Azevedo Carvalho
- Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP),
Rua Monteiro Lobato 80, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil; Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Letters, Săo Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Dom Antonio 2100, 19806-380 Assis, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro de Oliva Neto
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Letters, Săo Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Dom Antonio 2100, 19806-380 Assis, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula Zaghetto de Almeida
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Letters, Săo Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Dom Antonio 2100, 19806-380 Assis, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Bueno da Silva
- Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP),
Rua Monteiro Lobato 80, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruna Escaramboni
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Letters, Săo Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Dom Antonio 2100, 19806-380 Assis, SP, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Maria Pastore
- Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP),
Rua Monteiro Lobato 80, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
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20
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Recombinant xylanase from Streptomyces coelicolor Ac-738: characterization and the effect on xylan-containing products. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 30:801-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-013-1480-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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21
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Li H, Long C, Zhou J, Liu J, Wu X, Long M. Rapid analysis of mono-saccharides and oligo-saccharides in hydrolysates of lignocellulosic biomass by HPLC. Biotechnol Lett 2013; 35:1405-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-013-1224-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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22
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Carvalho AFA, Neto PDO, da Silva DF, Pastore GM. Xylo-oligosaccharides from lignocellulosic materials: Chemical structure, health benefits and production by chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis. Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2012.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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23
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Yang H, Wang K, Wang W, Sun RC. Improved bioconversion of poplar by synergistic treatments with white-rot fungus Trametes velutina D10149 pretreatment and alkaline fractionation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 130:578-583. [PMID: 23334013 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.12.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Successive treatments with fungus and alkali were proposed to reduce the recalcitrance and improved the enzymatic digestibility of triploid poplar. Biopretreatment with Trametes velutina D10149 for 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16weeks gradually degraded hemicelluloses and lignin, and improved the digestibility of cellulose from 4.0% to 19.5% with the increasing dry mass loss of lignocelluloses from 15.5% to 53.4%. Combining with alkaline fractionation, biopretreatment for 4weeks significantly enhanced the availability of cellulose and achieved a maximum glucose yield (38.8% of the original cellulose) with a dry mass loss of 24.4%. The BET surface area of lignocelluloses increased from 1.7 to 10.6m(2)/g after combination of 8weeks biopretreatment and alkaline fractionation. Moreover, alkaline fractionation removed amorphous and low molecular components, which incurred a higher crystalline index and narrower molecular weight distribution of residual carbohydrates in synergistically treated samples as compared to biopretreated samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Yang
- Institute of Biomass Chemistry and Technology, College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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24
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Bian J, Peng F, Peng XP, Peng P, Xu F, Sun RC. Structural features and antioxidant activity of xylooligosaccharides enzymatically produced from sugarcane bagasse. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 127:236-41. [PMID: 23131647 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.09.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Revised: 08/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Xylooligosaccharides (XOS) were prepared from xylan-rich hemicelluloses isolated by potassium hydroxide from sugarcane bagasse by hydrolysis with crude xylanase secreted by Pichia stipitis. Hydrolysis for 12h produced XOS with a maximum yield of 31.8%, equivalent to 5.29 mg mL(-1) in the hydrolyzate. XOS with degrees of polymerization (DP) from 2 to 4 (xylobiose, xylotriose, and xylotetraose) were the major components in the hydrolysates, whereas the oligosaccharides with higher DP of 5-6 (xylopentaose and xylohexose) showed a constant low level. FT-IR and NMR ((1)H, (13)C, HSQC) demonstrated that XOS contained Araf and 4-O-Me-α-D-GlcpA residues. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay showed that the XOS exhibited concentration-dependent antioxidant activity. The results obtained indicate that the XOS produced from sugarcane bagasse can be employed in food-related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Bian
- Institute of Biomass Chemistry and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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25
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Panesar PS, Kumari S, Panesar R. Biotechnological approaches for the production of prebiotics and their potential applications. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2012; 33:345-64. [PMID: 22985065 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2012.709482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide interest in prebiotics have been increasing extensively both as food ingredients and pharmacological supplements, since they have beneficial properties for human health. Prebiotics not only stimulate the growth of healthy bacteria such as bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in the gut but also increase the resistance towards pathogens. In addition to this, they also act as dietary fiber, an energy source for intestinal cells after converting to short-chain fatty acids, a stimulator of immune systems, sugar replacer etc. Moreover, due to heat resistant properties, they are able to maintain their intact form during the baking process and allow them to be incorporated into every day food products. Thus, they can be interesting and useful ingredients in the development of novel functional foods. This review provides comprehensive information about the different biotechnological techniques employed in the production of prebiotics and their potential applications in different areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parmjit S Panesar
- Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Food Engineering & Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering & Technology , Longowal, Punjab , India
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26
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Gonçalves TA, Damásio ARL, Segato F, Alvarez TM, Bragatto J, Brenelli LB, Citadini APS, Murakami MT, Ruller R, Paes Leme AF, Prade RA, Squina FM. Functional characterization and synergic action of fungal xylanase and arabinofuranosidase for production of xylooligosaccharides. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 119:293-299. [PMID: 22750495 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Plant cell wall degrading enzymes are key technological components in biomass bioconversion platforms for lignocellulosic materials transformation. Cost effective production of enzymes and identification of efficient degradation routes are two economic bottlenecks that currently limit the use of renewable feedstocks through an environmental friendly pathway. The present study describes the hypersecretion of an endo-xylanase (GH11) and an arabinofuranosidase (GH54) by a fungal expression system with potential biotechnological application, along with comprehensive characterization of both enzymes, including spectrometric analysis of thermal denaturation, biochemical characterization and mode of action description. The synergistic effect of these enzymes on natural substrates such as sugarcane bagasse, demonstrated the biotechnological potential of using GH11 and GH54 for production of probiotic xylooligosaccharides from plant biomass. Our findings shed light on enzymatic mechanisms for xylooligosaccharide production, as well as provide basis for further studies for the development of novel enzymatic routes for use in biomass-to-bioethanol applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Gonçalves
- Laboratório Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Bioetanol (CTBE), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil
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27
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Li X, Li E, Zhu Y, Teng C, Sun B, Song H, Yang R. A typical endo-xylanase from Streptomyces rameus L2001 and its unique characteristics in xylooligosaccharide production. Carbohydr Res 2012; 359:30-6. [PMID: 22925761 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The activity of the extracellular xylanase produced by Streptomyces rameus L2001 against different xylans and xylooligosaccharides (XOS) was investigated. The main products of hydrolysis of birchwood xylan and oat-spelt xylan by the S. rameus L2001 xylanase were xylobiose (X2) and xylotriose (X3), suggesting that this is an endo-acting xylanase. This was confirmed by analysis of XOS degradation products. The enzyme hardly hydrolyzed X2 and X3, but hydrolyzed xylotetraose (X4) and xylopentaose (X5) producing mainly X2 and X3 through transglycosylation. Depending on the substrate, different quantities of reducing sugars were produced by the xylanase: 150 mg/g from corncob, 105 mg/g from bean culms, and 133 mg/g from bagasse. With the bagasse substrate, the xylanase yielded 2.36, 2.76, 2.03, and 2.17 mg/mL of X2, X3, X4, and X5, respectively. The structure of xylobiose and xylotriose from the hydrolysis of corncob xylan was identified by MS and NMR. The production of XOS from various agricultural wastes has potential industrial applications. This is the first report of XOS production by S. rameus L2001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuting Li
- Department of Food Science, School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, PR China.
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28
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Samanta AK, Jayapal N, Kolte AP, Senani S, Sridhar M, Suresh KP, Sampath KT. Enzymatic production of xylooligosaccharides from alkali solubilized xylan of natural grass (Sehima nervosum). BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 112:199-205. [PMID: 22414575 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a process for producing XOS from Sehima nervosum grass was developed. The grass contains 28.1% hemicellulose. NaOH and steam application yielded 98% of original xylan in contrast to 85% by KOH application. Hydrolysis of xylan with commercial xylanase caused breakdown into XOS comprising of xylobiose, xylotriose along with xylose. Response surface model (RSM) revealed highest xylobiose yield (11 g/100g xylan) at pH 5.03, temperature 45.19°C, reaction time 10.11h with enzyme dose 17.41 U. Similarly for maximizing xylotriose yield, ideal hydrolysis conditions were pH 5.11, temperature 40.33°C, reaction time 16.55 h with enzyme dose 13.20 U. A two step process encompassing xylan fractionation and enzymatic hydrolysis enabled XOS production from the S. nervosum grass.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Samanta
- National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore 560030, India.
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