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Khan AA, Gul J, Naqvi SR, Ali I, Farooq W, Liaqat R, AlMohamadi H, Štěpanec L, Juchelková D. Recent progress in microalgae-derived biochar for the treatment of textile industry wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 306:135565. [PMID: 35793745 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Textile industry utilize a massive amount of dyes for coloring. The dye-containing effluent is released into wastewater along with heavy metals that are part of dye structure. The treatment of textile industry wastewater using conventional techniques (coagulation, membrane technique, electrolysis ion exchange, etc.) is uneconomical and less efficient (for a low concentration of pollutants). Moreover, most of these techniques produce toxic sludge, making them less environmentally friendly. Algae base industry is growing for food, cosmetics and energy needs. Algae biomass in unique compared to lignocellulosic biomass due to presence of various functional group on its surface and presence of various cations. These two characteristics are unique for biochar as a tool for environmental decontamination. Algae biomass contain functional groups and cations that can be effective for removal of organic contaminants (dyes) and heavy metals. Algae can be micro and macro and both have entirely different biomass composition which will lead to a synthesis of different biochar even under same synthesis process. This study reviews the recent progress in the development of an economically viable and eco-friendly approach for textile industry wastewater using algae biomass-derived absorbents. The strategy employed microalgal biochar to remove organic pollutants (dyes) and heavy metals from textile effluents by biosorption. This article discusses different methods for preparing algal biochar (pyrolysis, hydrothermal carbonization and torrefaction), and the adsorption capacity of biochar for dyes and heavy metals. Work on hydrothermal carbonization and torrefaction of microalgal biomass for biochar is limited. Variation in structural and functional groups changes on biochar compared to original microalgal biomass are profound in contract with lignocellulosic biomass. Existing Challenges, future goals, and the development of these technologies at the pilot level are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Ahad Khan
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Science & Technology, H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Jawad Gul
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Science & Technology, H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Salman Raza Naqvi
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Science & Technology, H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Imtiaz Ali
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wasif Farooq
- Department of Chemical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum, and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rabia Liaqat
- U.S.-Pakistan Centre for Advanced Studies in Energy (USPCAS-E), National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), Sector H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Hamad AlMohamadi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Libor Štěpanec
- Department of Electronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 15/2172, Ostrava-Poruba, 708 00, Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar Juchelková
- Department of Electronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 15/2172, Ostrava-Poruba, 708 00, Czech Republic
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2
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R L, Rejiniemon TS, Sathya R, Kuppusamy P, Al-Mekhlafi FA, Wadaan MA, Rajendran P. Adsorption of heavy metals from the aqueous solution using activated biomass from Ulva flexuosa. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 306:135479. [PMID: 35753418 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The removal of various highly toxic heavy metals from wastewater environment is an important task to improve environment. The biosorption potential of cadmium, cobalt and zinc was evaluated using Ulva flexuosa biomass. The impacts of adsorbent dosage, pH of the medium, contact time, and agitation speed were analyzed. The maximum biosorption potential was reached at pH 4.0, 0.4 g initial biosorbent dosage, contact time 40 min and 30 mg/L initial metal concentration for cadmium, while the other factors were similar to zinc, except 35 min contact time (p < 0.01). The optimum absorption was pH 4, 0.6% adsorbent dosage, after 30 min contact time with the heavy metals and 40 mg/L cobalt concentration. Heavy metal removal efficiency was 94.8 ± 3.3%, 87.5 ± 2.3%, and 90.8 ± 1.4%, for cadmium, cobalt, and zinc, respectively (p < 0.01). The Langmuir constant (R2) was 0.980 for cadmium, 0.838 for cobalt and it was 0.718 for zinc. The present results revealed that the selected acid modified biomass was highly suitable for the adsorption of metal ions such as, Cd2+, Co2+ and Zn2+. The present work revealed the potential application of algal biomass for the removal of various heavy metals from the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lekshmi R
- Department of Botany and Biotechnology, Milad-E-Sherif Memorial (MSM) College, Kayamkulam, Kerala, India
| | - T S Rejiniemon
- Department of Botany and Biotechnology, AJ College of Science and Technology, Thonnakal, Trivandrum, India
| | - Rengasamy Sathya
- Department of Microbiology, Centre for Research and Development, PRIST University, Tamil Nadu, 613 403, India
| | - Palaniselvam Kuppusamy
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea
| | - Fahd A Al-Mekhlafi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad A Wadaan
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - P Rajendran
- Kanyakumari Field Centre of Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kanyakumari, 629702, Tamilnadu, India.
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Du T, Bogush A, Mašek O, Purton S, Campos LC. Algae, biochar and bacteria for acid mine drainage (AMD) remediation: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 304:135284. [PMID: 35691393 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Acid mine drainage (AMD) is a global issue and causes harmful environmental impacts. AMD has high acidity and contains a high concentration of heavy metals and metalloids, making it toxic to plants, animals, and humans. Traditional treatments for AMD have been widely used for a long time. Nevertheless, some limitations, such as low efficacy and secondary contamination, have led them to be replaced by other methods such as bio-based AMD treatments. This study reviewed three bio-based treatment methods using algae, biochar, and bacteria that can be used separately and potentially in combination for effective and sustainable AMD treatment to identify the removal mechanisms and essential parameters affecting AMD treatment. All bio-based methods, when applied as a single process and in combination (e.g. algae-biochar and algae-bacteria), were identified as effective treatments for AMD. Also, all these bio-based methods were found to be affected by some parameters (e.g. pH, temperature, biomass concentration and initial metal concentration) when removing heavy metals from AMD. However, we did not identify any research focusing on the combination of algae-biochar-bacteria as a consortium for AMD treatment. Therefore, due to the excellent performance in AMD treatment of algae, biochar and bacteria and the potential synergism among them, this review provides new insight and discusses the feasibility of a combination of algae-biochar-bacteria for AMD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhao Du
- Department of Civil, Environmental & Geomatic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Bogush
- Centre for Agroecology, Water and Resilience, Coventry University, Coventry, CV8 3LG, United Kingdom
| | - Ondřej Mašek
- UK Biochar Research Centre, School of Geoscience, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9YL, United Kingdom
| | - Saul Purton
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Luiza C Campos
- Department of Civil, Environmental & Geomatic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
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Gopalan J, Buthiyappan A, Raman AAA. Insight into metal-impregnated biomass based activated carbon for enhanced carbon dioxide adsorption: A review. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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5
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Hockaday J, Harvey A, Velasquez-Orta S. A comparative analysis of the adsorption kinetics of Cu2+ and Cd2+ by the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus obliquus. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Seoane R, Santaeufemia S, Abalde J, Torres E. Efficient Removal of Methylene Blue Using Living Biomass of the Microalga Chlamydomonas moewusii: Kinetics and Equilibrium Studies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052653. [PMID: 35270343 PMCID: PMC8909845 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The efficiency of the living biomass of the microalga Chlamydomonas moewusii in removing methylene blue dye is determined. The kinetics, equilibrium isotherms, and the effects on this process of the pH, contact time, and initial concentration of the dye are studied. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and point of zero charge are used to characterize the biomass and explore the process. The maximum removal capacity derived from the Langmuir isotherm is 212.41 ± 4.55 mg/g after 7 h of contact time at pH 7. The removal process is rapid because kinetic studies revealed that the best fit of the data is with pseudo-third-order kinetics. The removal efficiency is dependent on the pH; as the pH increased, the efficiency is higher. These results show that the living biomass of this microalga is a very efficient biosorbent and therefore very suitable for the removal of methylene blue from aqueous solutions.
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Liu M, Wei Y, Salam M, Yuan X, Liu B, He Q, Hu X, Li H, He Y. Potassium supplement enhanced cadmium removal in a Microcystis aeruginosa photobioreactor: Evidence from actual and simulated wastewater. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127719. [PMID: 34802826 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a Microcystis aeruginosa-based photobioreactor (M. aeruginosa-based PBR) was developed for the removal of cadmium (Cd2+) from diluted actual mine wastewater (DW) and Cd2+-contained simulated wastewater (SW), with a uniform Cd2+ concentration of 0.5 mg/L. For the DW and SW, both K+ -abundant (DWA & SWA) and K+-insufficient (DWB & SWB) treatments were conducted. It was found that continuous supplementation of K+ benefited Cd2+ removal. The Cd2+ removal efficiency in SWA reached 70% during the 41 days of operation, which was 20% higher than that in the SWB. The K+ addition triggered great higher Cd2+ removal efficiency (90%) in the DWA in comparison to the SWA. The Cd2+ assimilation by M. aeruginosa and Cd2+ retention on M. aeruginosa surface were the primary processes involved in the PBR system. The K+ starvation triggered a 45% and 43% loss of M. aeruginosa biomass in the DWA and the DWB, respectively. Hence, the Cd2+ removal efficiency in DWB increased significantly, and this was attributed to the increased abundance of non-living cells and enhanced bioretention of Cd2+. The results revealed that continuous K+ supplementation enhanced the Cd2+ removal efficiency in the M. aeruginosa-based PBR jointly by prompting algal cell growth, Cd2+ assimilation and biosorption, as well as Cd2+ retention on the algal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yanyan Wei
- Cultivation Base of Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Muhammad Salam
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xiaobing Yuan
- The second Construction Engineering Co., Ltd of the third Bureau of China Construction Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Bingsheng Liu
- The second Construction Engineering Co., Ltd of the third Bureau of China Construction Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Qiang He
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xuebin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Hong Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings (Ministry of Science and Technology), Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yixin He
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
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9
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Sustainable Application of Biosorption and Bioaccumulation of Persistent Pollutants in Wastewater Treatment: Current Practice. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9101696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent toxic substances including persistent organic pollutants and heavy metals have been released in high quantities in surface waters by industrial activities. Their presence in environmental compartments is causing harmful effects both on the environment and human health. It was shown that their removal from wastewaters using conventional methods and adsorbents is not always a sustainable process. In this circumstance, the use of microorganisms for pollutants uptake can be seen as being an environmentally-friendly and cost-effective strategy for the treatment of industrial effluents. However, in spite of their confirmed potential in the remediation of persistent pollutants, microorganisms are not yet applied at industrial scale. Thus, the current paper aims to synthesize and analyze the available data from literature to support the upscaling of microbial-based biosorption and bioaccumulation processes. The industrial sources of persistent pollutants, the microbial mechanisms for pollutant uptake and the significant results revealed so far in the scientific literature are identified and covered in this review. Moreover, the influence of different parameters affecting the performance of the discussed systems and also very important in designing of treatment processes are highly considered. The analysis performed in the paper offers an important perspective in making decisions for scaling-up and efficient operation, from the life cycle assessment point of view of wastewater microbial bioremediation. This is significant since the sustainability of the microbial-based remediation processes through standardized methodologies such as life cycle analysis (LCA), hasn’t been analyzed yet in the scientific literature.
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10
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Ferraro G, Toranzo RM, Bagnato C, Gómez Jousse M, Areco MM, Bohé A, Bagnarol D, Pasquevich DM, Curutchet G. Native Desmodesmus sp. and Chlorella sp. isolated from the Reconquista River display a different binding preference for Cu(II) and Zn(II). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 293:112835. [PMID: 34062427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present work was developed to study the metal removal performance of unicellular algae isolated from the Reconquista River and to evaluate the effect of the presence of more than one metal in the removal process. Thus, native species of unicellular algae were isolated from the highly contaminated Reconquista River. All of the isolates were classified, at genus level, based on their morphological appearance. Nine isolates were screened for their Zn(II) removal capacities. Chlorella sp. RR5 and Desmodesmus sp. RR7 were selected based on their removal performance, and their potential in the remediation of multiple metals was analyzed. Therefore, zinc (Zn(II)), copper (Cu(II)), and chromium (Cr(VI)) removal was evaluated in mono- and multi-metallic solutions. Biosorption capacities were high (0.8-1.8 mmol g-1) for Zn(II) and Cu(II) in mono-metallic solutions. Removal capacities decreased up to 48% in multi-metallic solutions. Interestingly, when multi-metallic systems were considered, each strain showed a metal preference. Chlorella sp. removed better Cu(II) meanwhile Desmodesmus sp. showed a preference for Zn(II). Thus, a metal-binding selectivity in each strain was determined. Chromium (VI) remediation was almost null in the conditions analyzed in this work. Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis showed that polysaccharides were the main functional group involved in metal adsorption and, in some cases, also the carboxylates played an important role. Overall, we were able to analyze a new source of algal diversity and perform a metal removal characterization of them, leading to the identification of a metal selectivity based on the characteristics of the tested algal strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Ferraro
- Instituto de Energía y Desarrollo Sustentable, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Centro Atómico Bariloche, Av. Bustillo 9500, CP 8400, S. C. de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - Regina M Toranzo
- Instituto de Energía y Desarrollo Sustentable, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Centro Atómico Bariloche, Av. Bustillo 9500, CP 8400, S. C. de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Carolina Bagnato
- Instituto de Energía y Desarrollo Sustentable, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Centro Atómico Bariloche, Av. Bustillo 9500, CP 8400, S. C. de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Micaela Gómez Jousse
- Instituto de Energía y Desarrollo Sustentable, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Centro Atómico Bariloche, Av. Bustillo 9500, CP 8400, S. C. de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - María Mar Areco
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental (3ia), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), 25 de Mayo y Francia, CP 1650, San Martin, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Ana Bohé
- Departamento de Fisicoquímica y Control de Calidad, Complejo Tecnológico Pilcaniyeu, Centro Atómico Bariloche, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Av. Bustillo 9500, 8400 S.C. de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Diego Bagnarol
- Departamento de Fisicoquímica y Control de Calidad, Complejo Tecnológico Pilcaniyeu, Centro Atómico Bariloche, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Av. Bustillo 9500, 8400 S.C. de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Daniel M Pasquevich
- Instituto de Energía y Desarrollo Sustentable, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Centro Atómico Bariloche, Av. Bustillo 9500, CP 8400, S. C. de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Gustavo Curutchet
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental (3ia), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), 25 de Mayo y Francia, CP 1650, San Martin, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
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11
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Ma X, Yan X, Yao J, Zheng S, Wei Q. Feasibility and comparative analysis of cadmium biosorption by living scenedesmus obliquus FACHB-12 biofilms. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 275:130125. [PMID: 33677276 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microalgal biofilm has been recognized as a cost-effective biorsorbent for heavy metal and a promising method for microalgae-water separation. In this study, living suspended Scenedesmus obliquus FACHB-12 (isolated from southern China) and its biofilm with different carriers were investigated to remove cadmium from aqueous solution. S. obliquus FACHB-12 biofilm with luffa sponge carrier showed highest cadmium removal efficiency at 92.7% compared to biofilm with K3 carrier (75.3%) and significantly higher than suspended S. obliquus FACHB-12 (61.8%) in 2 h experiment with initial Cd2+ concentration at 3.0 mg/L at pH = 6.0 with 0.8 g/L of biomass under room temperature. S. obliquus FACHB-12 biofilm with K3 and luffa sponge carrier also demonstrated higher tolerance towards increased Cd2+ concentration with highest biosorption efficiency at 85.1% and 90.35% respectively under 20 mg/L of Cd2+, while suspended S. obliquus FACHB-12 biosorption efficiency achieved 81.4% under 10 mg/L of Cd2+ and started to decline over increased cadmium concentration. The adsorption kinetics for all experimental groups followed the pseudo-second-order adsorption model, with biosorption equilibrium favored in Langmuir isotherm. The maximum biosorption capacity estimated by Langmuir isotherm reached 133.14 mg/g biomass in S. obliquus FACHB-12 biofilm with luffa sponge carrier, followed by 78.76 mg/g with K3 carrier, and 60.03 mg/g with suspended S. obliquus FACHB-12. Results suggest an efficient, inexpensive microalgal biofilm with biological carrier system could enhance high cadmium removal for advanced wastewater treatment and provide a cost-effective method for microalgae harvesting process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangmeng Ma
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 53004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Yan
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 53004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinjie Yao
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 53004, People's Republic of China
| | - Simi Zheng
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 53004, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun Wei
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 53004, People's Republic of China.
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Elleuch J, Ben Amor F, Chaaben Z, Frikha F, Michaud P, Fendri I, Abdelkafi S. Zinc biosorption by Dunaliella sp. AL-1: Mechanism and effects on cell metabolism. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 773:145024. [PMID: 33582349 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phycoremediation is being considered as an eco-friendly and safe technology for toxics eradication from contaminated aquatic systems. The zinc biosorption capacity of Dunaliella sp. AL-1 was demonstrated. Zinc impacted cell growth and photosynthetic pigments accumulation showing exposure time and concentration-dependent effects. The investigation of the antioxidant protective response to zinc exposition proved a stimulation of guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) activity and an increased rate of total phenolics, flavonoids, condensed tannins and glutathione (GSH). The Box-Behnken design was used to optimize zinc removal conditions by Dunaliella sp. AL-1 strain. The maximum experimental zinc uptake was obtained when zinc concentration, algae dose, initial pH, and contact time were set at 25 mg/L, 0.5 g/L, 7.59 and 13 h 43 min, respectively. Under completely optimized conditions, the fraction of zinc removed intracellularly was much lower than the adsorbed on the cell surface. FTIR analysis Dunaliella sp. AL-1 biomass demonstrated that several functional groups as OH, CH2, CO, PO, COO and CO may participate in the biosorption process. A comparative proteomic analysis through nano-HPLC coupled to LC-MS/MS, was performed from pre- and post-zinc treatments cells. Among 199 identified proteins, 60 were differentially expressed of which 41 proteins were down-regulated against 19 up-regulated ones. Target proteins have been demonstrated to be implicated in different metabolic processes mainly photosynthesis and antioxidant defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihen Elleuch
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Faten Ben Amor
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Zeineb Chaaben
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Végétales Appliquées à l'Amélioration des Cultures, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fakher Frikha
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Génie Enzymatique des Lipases, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Philippe Michaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Imen Fendri
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Végétales Appliquées à l'Amélioration des Cultures, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Slim Abdelkafi
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
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13
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Lin Z, Li J, Luan Y, Dai W. Application of algae for heavy metal adsorption: A 20-year meta-analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 190:110089. [PMID: 31896472 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.110089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The use of algae to adsorb heavy metals is an efficient and environmentally friendly treatment for contaminated water and has attracted widespread research attention. In this study, a meta-analysis of the heavy metal adsorption capacity of algae from five different phyla and the factors influencing these capacities was conducted. Phaeophyta was found to have a high heavy metal adsorption capacity, whereas Bacillariophyta had a relatively low adsorption capacity; Chlorophyta, Rhodophyta, and Cyanophyta had moderate adsorption capacities. Non-living algae were more effective in practical applications than living algae were. Algal biomass had a relatively high adsorption efficiency of 1-10 g/L, which did not increase significantly when algal concentration increased. The algal adsorption efficiency for initial heavy metal concentrations of 10-100 mg/L was higher than for concentrations of greater than 100 mg/L. The results further show that algal adsorption of heavy metals reached a maximum capacity of 80-90% within 20 min. Heavy metal adsorption by algae was not temperature-dependent, and it was more effective in moderately to weakly acidic environments (pH = 4-7.5). Considering these aspects for practical applications, algae from some phyla can effectively be used for heavy metal biosorption in contaminated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Lin
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yaning Luan
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Wei Dai
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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14
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Batch Study of Cadmium Biosorption by Carbon Dioxide Enriched Aphanothece sp. Dried Biomass. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12010264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The conventional method for cadmium removal in aqueous solutions (1–100 mg/L) is ineffective and inefficient. Therefore, a batch biosorption reactor using a local freshwater microalga (originating from an urban lake, namely, Situ Rawa Kalong-Depok) as dried biosorbent was tested. Biosorbent made from three kinds of cyanobacterium Aphanothece sp. cultivars (A0, A8, and A15) were used to eliminate cadmium (Cd2+) ions in aqueous solution (1–7 mg/L). The biosorbents were harvested from a photobioreactor system enriched with carbon dioxide gas of 0.04% (atmospheric), 8%, and 15% under continuous light illumination of about 5700–6000 lux for 14 d of cultivation. Produced dried biosorbents had Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET) surface area ranges of 0.571–1.846 m2/g. Biosorption of Cd2+ was pH and concentration dependent. Sorption was spontaneous (ΔG = −8.39 to −10.88 kJ/mol), exothermic (ΔH = −41.85 to −49.16 kJ/mol), and decreased randomness (ΔS = −0.102 to −0.126 kJ/mol. K) on the interface between solid and liquid phases when the process was completed. The kinetic sorption data fitted best to the pseudo-second-order model (k2 = 2.79 × 10−2, 3.96 × 10−2, and 4.54 × 10−2 g/mg.min). The dried biosorbents of A0, A8, and A15, after modeling with the Langmuir and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm models, indicated that cadmium binding occurred through chemisorption (qmax, D-R = 9.74 × 10−4, 4.79 × 10−3, and 9.12 × 10−3 mol/g and mean free energy of 8.45, 11.18, and 11.18 kJ/mol) on the monolayer and homogenous surface (qmax, Langmuir of 12.24, 36.90, and 60.24 mg/g). In addition, the results of SEM, EDX, and FTIR showed that there were at least nine functional groups that interacted with Cd2+ (led to bond formation) after biosorption through cation exchange mechanisms, and morphologically the surfaces changed after biosorption. Biosorbent A15 indicated the best resilient features over three cycles of sorption–desorption using 1 M HCl as the desorbing eluent. These biosorbents can be a potent and eco-friendly material for treating aqueous wastewater.
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15
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Manzoor F, Karbassi A, Golzary A. Removal of Heavy Metal Contaminants from Wastewater by Using Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck: A Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/2212717806666190716160536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Removal of heavy metals is very important in wastewater treatment process, due
to their abundant hazardous effects. There are various chemical and physical methods including
ion exchange, reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, and ultrafiltration for removing
heavy metals from wastewater, but biological treatment has attracted researchers for years
as it is cheap and efficient. Microalgae have a significant capability of absorbing and eliminating
heavy metals from wastewater. One of the most attractive microalgae species for
this application is the Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck. The current study takes a literature review
of using microalgae species, especially C. vulgaris, with the aim of wastewater heavy
metal treatment. In this regard firstly, various methods of eliminating heavy metals using
microalgae were investigated, and then the application of C. vulgaris in the process of
eliminating heavy metals from wastewater is fully presented. It became obvious that the
use of C. vulgaris application is more helpful in the case of Copper, Lead, Zinc, Cadmium,
and Nickel. Moreover, the main factor affecting heavy metal treatment using C. vulgaris is
the pH of media, and the second effective parameter is temperature that is often considered
about 25°C. The appropriate time period for the treatment was 5-7 days. Generally,
C. vulgaris presented a very favorable efficiency in eliminating various heavy metals and
is capable of removing heavy metals from wastewater to more than 90% on average.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Manzoor
- Graduate School of the Environment and Energy of Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Karbassi
- School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6135, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abooali Golzary
- School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6135, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Noormohamadi HR, Fat'hi MR, Ghaedi M, Ghezelbash GR. Potentiality of white-rot fungi in biosorption of nickel and cadmium: Modeling optimization and kinetics study. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 216:124-130. [PMID: 30366266 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to analyze simultaneous biosorption of Cd+2 and Ni+2 by living Phanerochaete chrysosporium as low-cost and eco-friendly biosorbent following optimization by applying a central composite design. The effect of operating parameters such as solution pH (4.0-8.0), temperature (20-40 °C), contact time (3-15 h), initial Cd+2 and Ni+2 concentrations (15-35, 5-25 mg L-1, respectively) was evaluated by response surface methodology (RSM) for optimizing biosorption process. The Cd+2 and Ni+2 ions at 25 and 16 mg L-1 were accumulated in P. chrysosporium with the efficiency of 96.23% and 89.48%, respectively, at pH of 6 and 36 °C after around 9 h under well mixing. The equilibrium data were fitted well with Langmuir isotherm model with maximum biosorption capacity of 71.43 and 46.50 mg g-1 for Cd+2 and Ni+2, respectively. In addition, the pseudo-second order kinetic model could describe the kinetic data adequately. Further, possible interaction pathway among metals and P. chrysosporium functional groups were studied by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) techniques were applied for morphology investigation and semi elemental analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Noormohamadi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Fat'hi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Mehrorang Ghaedi
- Chemistry Department, Yasouj University, Yasouj 75918-74831, Iran.
| | - Gholam Reza Ghezelbash
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
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17
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Review of Heavy Metal Adsorption Processes by Several Organic Matters from Wastewaters. WATER 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/w10101377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination of natural rivers and wastewaters is a problem for both the environment and human society. The accumulation and adsorption of heavy metals could happen with several organic and inorganic matters, but the most used adsorbents are (biological and chemical) organic compounds. This review article presents the basics of heavy metal adsorption on several organic surfaces. There are many organic matters, which seem to be useful as agents for heavy metal adsorption. All of the cited authors and articles present the adsorption kinetics by the most used isotherm models (such as Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms). By comparing several research results presented by a pre-selected assortment of papers, we would like to give an overview of the microbiological, organic chemical, and other surface adsorption possibilities. We draw conclusions for two new adsorption fields (adsorption with biosorbent and artificial materials). We present an optional possibility to study adsorption kinetics, efficiency and regeneration methods to successfully conclude the heavy metal treatment process, and we make some recommendations about the efficient water usage calculations using the water allowance coefficient (WAC) indicator.
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18
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Metal Removal from Acid Waters by an Endemic Microalga from the Atacama Desert for Water Recovery. MINERALS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/min8090378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The environmental problems generated by waste from the mining industry in the mineral extraction for business purposes are known worldwide. The aim of this work is to evaluate the microalga Muriellopsis sp. as a potential remover of metallic ions such as copper (Cu2+), zinc (Zn2+) and iron (Fe2+), pollutants of acid mine drainage (AMD) type waters. For this, the removal of these ions was verified in artificial acid waters with high concentrations of the ions under examination. Furthermore, the removal was evaluated in waters obtained from areas contaminated by mining waste. The results showed that Muriellopsis sp. removed metals in waters with high concentrations after 4–12 h and showed tolerance to pH between 3 and 5. These results allow proposing this species as a potential bioremediator for areas contaminated by mining activity. In this work, some potential alternatives for application in damaged areas are proposed as a decontamination plan and future prevention.
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19
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Rugnini L, Costa G, Congestri R, Antonaroli S, Sanità di Toppi L, Bruno L. Phosphorus and metal removal combined with lipid production by the green microalga Desmodesmus sp.: An integrated approach. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 125:45-51. [PMID: 29413630 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This work focused on the potential of Desmodesmus sp. to be employed for wastewater bioremediation and biodiesel production. The green microalga was grown in a culture medium with a phosphorus (P) content of 4.55 mg L-1 simulating an industrial effluent; it was also exposed to a bimetal solution of copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni) for 2 days. P removal was between 94 and 100%. After 2 days of exposure to metals, 94% of Cu and 85% of Ni were removed by Desmodesmus sp. Adsorption tests showed that the green microalga was able to remove up to 90% of Cu and 43% of Ni in less than 30 min. The presence of metals decreased the lipid yield, but biodiesel quality from the biomass obtained from metal exposed samples was higher than that grown without metals. This result revealed that this technology could offer a new alternative solution to environmental pollution and carbon-neutral fuel generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Rugnini
- LBA-Laboratory of Biology of Algae, Dept. of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via Cracovia 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - G Costa
- Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Dept. Civil Engineering and Computer Science Engineering, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via del Politecnico, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - R Congestri
- LBA-Laboratory of Biology of Algae, Dept. of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via Cracovia 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - S Antonaroli
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via della Ricerca Scientifica snc, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - L Sanità di Toppi
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via L. Ghini 13, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - L Bruno
- LBA-Laboratory of Biology of Algae, Dept. of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via Cracovia 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
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20
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Bwapwa J, Jaiyeola A, Chetty R. Bioremediation of acid mine drainage using algae strains: A review. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sajce.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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21
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Hariz HB, Takriff MS. Palm oil mill effluent treatment and CO 2 sequestration by using microalgae-sustainable strategies for environmental protection. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:20209-20240. [PMID: 28791508 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9742-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this era of globalization, various products and technologies are being developed by the industries. While resources and energy are utilized from processes, wastes are being excreted through water streams, air, and ground. Without realizing it, environmental pollutions increase as the country develops. Effective technology is desired to create green factories that are able to overcome these issues. Wastewater is classified as the water coming from domestic or industrial sources. Wastewater treatment includes physical, chemical, and biological treatment processes. Aerobic and anaerobic processes are utilized in biological treatment approach. However, the current biological approaches emit greenhouse gases (GHGs), methane, and carbon dioxide that contribute to global warming. Microalgae can be the alternative to treating wastewater as it is able to consume nutrients from wastewater loading and fix CO2 as it undergoes photosynthesis. The utilization of microalgae in the system will directly reduce GHG emissions with low operating cost within a short period of time. The aim of this review is to discuss the uses of native microalgae species in palm oil mill effluent (POME) and flue gas remediation. In addition, the discussion on the optimal microalgae cultivation parameter selection is included as this is significant for effective microalgae-based treatment operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harizah Bajunaid Hariz
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, The National University of Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Sobri Takriff
- Research Center for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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22
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Larronde-Larretche M, Jin X. Microalgal biomass dewatering using forward osmosis membrane: Influence of microalgae species and carbohydrates composition. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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23
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Zeraatkar AK, Ahmadzadeh H, Talebi AF, Moheimani NR, McHenry MP. Potential use of algae for heavy metal bioremediation, a critical review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 181:817-831. [PMID: 27397844 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Algae have several industrial applications that can lower the cost of biofuel co-production. Among these co-production applications, environmental and wastewater bioremediation are increasingly important. Heavy metal pollution and its implications for public health and the environment have led to increased interest in developing environmental biotechnology approaches. We review the potential for algal biosorption and/or neutralization of the toxic effects of heavy metal ions, primarily focusing on their cellular structure, pretreatment, modification, as well as potential application of genetic engineering in biosorption performance. We evaluate pretreatment, immobilization, and factors affecting biosorption capacity, such as initial metal ion concentration, biomass concentration, initial pH, time, temperature, and interference of multi metal ions and introduce molecular tools to develop engineered algal strains with higher biosorption capacity and selectivity. We conclude that consideration of these parameters can lead to the development of low-cost micro and macroalgae cultivation with high bioremediation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hossein Ahmadzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, 1436-91779, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Farhad Talebi
- Genetic Department, Faculty of Biotechnology, Semnan University, Semnan, 35131-19111, Iran
| | - Navid R Moheimani
- Algae R&D Centre, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Australia
| | - Mark P McHenry
- School of Engineering and Information Technology, Murdoch University, Australia
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24
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Zhang X, Zhao X, Wan C, Chen B, Bai F. Efficient biosorption of cadmium by the self-flocculating microalga Scenedesmus obliquus AS-6-1. ALGAL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Cd-Resistant Strains of B. cereus S5 with Endurance Capacity and Their Capacities for Cadmium Removal from Cadmium-Polluted Water. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151479. [PMID: 27077388 PMCID: PMC4831789 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to identify Cd-resistant bacterial strains with endurance capacity and to evaluate their ability to remove cadmium ions from cadmium-polluted water. The Bacillus cereusS5 strain identified in this study had the closest genetic relationship with B. cereus sp. Cp1 and performed well in the removal of Cd2+ions from solution. The results showed that both the live and dead biomasses of the Cd2+-tolerant B. cereus S5 strain could absorb Cd2+ ions in solution but that the live biomass of the B. cereus S5 strain outperformed the dead biomass at lower Cd2+concentrations. An analysis of the cadmium tolerance genes of B. cereus S5 identified ATPase genes that were associated with cadmium tolerance and involved in the ATP pumping mechanism. The FTIR spectra revealed the presence of amino, carboxyl and hydroxyl groups on the pristine biomass and indicated that the cadmium ion removal ability was related to the structure of the strain. The maximum absorption capacity of the B. cereus S5 strain in viable spore biomass was 70.16 mg/g (dry weight) based on a pseudo-second-order kinetic model fit to the experimental data. The Langmuir and Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm adsorption models fit the cadmium ion adsorption data well, and the kinetic curves indicated that the adsorption rate was second-order. For Cd2+ concentrations (mg/L) of 1–109 mg/L, good removal efficiency (>80%) was achieved using approximately 3.48–10.3 g/L of active spore biomass of the B. cereus S5 strain. A cadmium-tolerant bacteria-activated carbon-immobilized column could be used for a longer duration and exhibited greater treatment efficacy than the control column in the treatment of cadmium-polluted water. In addition, a toxicity assessment using mice demonstrated that the biomass of the B. cereus S5 strain and its fermentation products were non-toxic. Thus, the isolated B. cereus S5 strain can be considered an alternative biological adsorbent for use in emergency responses to severe cadmium pollution and in the routine treatment of trace cadmium pollution.
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26
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Zheng H, Guo W, Li S, Wu Q, Yin R, Feng X, Du J, Ren N, Chang JS. Biosorption of cadmium by a lipid extraction residue of lipid-rich microalgae. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra27264e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigates the performances and mechanisms of biosorption of cadmium (Cd) ions using a lipid extraction residue from three strains of lipid production microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heshan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- P. R. China
| | - Wanqian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- P. R. China
| | - Shuo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- P. R. China
| | - Qinglian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- P. R. China
| | - Renli Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaochi Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- P. R. China
| | - Juanshan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- P. R. China
| | - Nanqi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- P. R. China
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- P. R. China
- Department of Chemical Engineering
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27
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Shamshad I, Khan S, Waqas M, Asma M, Nawab J, Gul N, Raiz A, Li G. Heavy metal uptake capacity of fresh water algae (Oedogonium westti) from aqueous solution: A mesocosm research. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2016; 18:393-398. [PMID: 26515662 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2015.1109594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The green macroalgae present in freshwater ecosystems have attracted a great attention of the world scientists for removal of heavy metals from wastewater. In this mesocosm study, the uptake rates of heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), and lead (Pb) by Oedogonium westi (O. westti) were measured. The equilibrium adsorption capabilities of O. westti were different for Cd, Ni, Cr, and Pb (0.974, 0.418, 0.620, and 0.261 mgg(-1), respectively) at 18 °C and pH 5.0. Furthermore, the removal efficiencies for Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb were observed from 55-95%, 61-93%, 59-89%, and 61-96%, respectively. The highest removal efficiency was observed for Cd and Cr from aqueous solution at acidic pH and low initial metal concentrations. However, the removal efficiencies of Ni and Pb were higher at high pH and high concentrations of metals in aqueous solution. The results summarized that O. westti is a suitable candidate for removal of selected toxic heavy metals from the aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Shamshad
- a Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xiamen , China
- b Department of Environmental Science , University of Peshawar , Pakistan
- c Department of Environmental Science , International Islamic University , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Sardar Khan
- a Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xiamen , China
- b Department of Environmental Science , University of Peshawar , Pakistan
- d Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo , China
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- a Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xiamen , China
- b Department of Environmental Science , University of Peshawar , Pakistan
| | - Maliha Asma
- c Department of Environmental Science , International Islamic University , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Javed Nawab
- b Department of Environmental Science , University of Peshawar , Pakistan
- e Department of Environmental and Conservation Sciences , University of Swat , Pakistan
| | - Nayab Gul
- b Department of Environmental Science , University of Peshawar , Pakistan
| | - Arjumand Raiz
- b Department of Environmental Science , University of Peshawar , Pakistan
| | - Gang Li
- a Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xiamen , China
- d Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo , China
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28
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Suresh Kumar K, Dahms HU, Won EJ, Lee JS, Shin KH. Microalgae - A promising tool for heavy metal remediation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 113:329-52. [PMID: 25528489 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Biotechnology of microalgae has gained popularity due to the growing need for novel environmental technologies and the development of innovative mass-production. Inexpensive growth requirements (solar light and CO2), and, the advantage of being utilized simultaneously for multiple technologies (e.g. carbon mitigation, biofuel production, and bioremediation) make microalgae suitable candidates for several ecofriendly technologies. Microalgae have developed an extensive spectrum of mechanisms (extracellular and intracellular) to cope with heavy metal toxicity. Their wide-spread occurrence along with their ability to grow and concentrate heavy metals, ascertains their suitability in practical applications of waste-water bioremediation. Heavy metal uptake by microalgae is affirmed to be superior to the prevalent physicochemical processes employed in the removal of toxic heavy metals. In order to evaluate their potential and to fill in the loopholes, it is essential to carry out a critical assessment of the existing microalgal technologies, and realize the need for development of commercially viable technologies involving strategic multidisciplinary approaches. This review summarizes several areas of heavy metal remediation from a microalgal perspective and provides an overview of various practical avenues of this technology. It particularly details heavy metals and microalgae which have been extensively studied, and provides a schematic representation of the mechanisms of heavy metal remediation in microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Suresh Kumar
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, South Korea
| | - Hans-Uwe Dahms
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Eun-Ji Won
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Hoon Shin
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, South Korea.
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Shamshad I, Khan S, Waqas M, Ahmad N, Khan K. Removal and bioaccumulation of heavy metals from aqueous solutions using freshwater algae. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2015; 71:38-44. [PMID: 25607667 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2014.458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Four freshwater algae, including Cladophora glomerata, Oedogonium westii, Vaucheria debaryana and Zygnema insigne, were tested for their bioaccumulation capacity for cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr) and lead (Pb) in a controlled environment with an average temperature of 18 °C, and light/dark duration of 12:12 h. Experiments were performed in aqueous solutions containing selected heavy metals (HM) (ranging from 0.05 to 1.5 mg L(-1)) with 0.5 g of living algae at 18 °C and pH 6.8. The results indicated that C. glomerata was observed to be the most competent species for the removal of Cr, Cd and Pb from aqueous solutions. HM removal trends were in the order of Cd>Cr>Pb while the removal efficiency of selected algae species was in the order of C. glomerata, O. westii, V. debaryana and Z. insigne. The bioaccumulation capacity of C. glomerata, V. debaryana and Z. insigne was observed for different HM. Removal of HM was higher with low levels of HM in aqueous solutions. The results indicated that C. glomerata, O. westii, V. debaryana and Z. insigne had significant (P≤0.01) diverse bioaccumulation capacity for Cr, Cd and Pb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Shamshad
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan E-mail:
| | - Sardar Khan
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan E-mail:
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan E-mail:
| | - Nadeem Ahmad
- Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Kifayatullah Khan
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
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Chow YH, Yap YJ, Tan CP, Anuar MS, Tejo BA, Show PL, Ariff AB, Ng EP, Ling TC. Characterization of bovine serum albumin partitioning behaviors in polymer-salt aqueous two-phase systems. J Biosci Bioeng 2014; 120:85-90. [PMID: 25553974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2014.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a linear relationship is proposed relating the natural logarithm of partition coefficient, ln K for protein partitioning in poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG)-phosphate aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) to the square of tie-line length (TLL(2)). This relationship provides good fits (r(2) > 0.98) to the partition of bovine serum albumin (BSA) in PEG (1450 g/mol, 2000 g/mol, 3350 g/mol, and 4000 g/mol)-phosphate ATPS with TLL of 25.0-50.0% (w/w) at pH 7.0. Results also showed that the plot of ln K against pH for BSA partitioning in the ATPS containing 33.0% (w/w) PEG1450 and 8.0% (w/w) phosphate with varied working pH between 6.0 and 9.0 exhibited a linear relationship which is in good agreement (r(2) = 0.94) with the proposed relationship, ln K = α' pH + β'. These results suggested that both the relationships proposed could be applied to correlate and elucidate the partition behavior of biomolecules in the polymer-salt ATPS. The influence of other system parameters on the partition behavior of BSA was also investigated. An optimum BSA yield of 90.80% in the top phase and K of 2.40 was achieved in an ATPS constituted with 33.0% (w/w) PEG 1450 and 8.0% (w/w) phosphate in the presence of 8.5% (w/w) sodium chloride (NaCl) at pH 9.0 for 0.3% (w/w) BSA load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Hui Chow
- Department of Process and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yee Jiun Yap
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Chin Ping Tan
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Shamsul Anuar
- Department of Process and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Bimo Ario Tejo
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Surya University, JI. Scientia Boulevard Block U/7, Gading Serpong, Tangerang 15810, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Manufacturing and Industrial Processes Division, Faculty of Engineering, Centre for Food and Bioproduct Processing, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Arbakariya Bin Ariff
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Eng-Poh Ng
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Malaysia
| | - Tau Chuan Ling
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
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Torres E, Mera R, Herrero C, Abalde J. Isotherm studies for the determination of Cd (II) ions removal capacity in living biomass of a microalga with high tolerance to cadmium toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:12616-12628. [PMID: 24954392 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3207-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The biosorption characteristics of Cd (II) ions using the living biomass of the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum were investigated. This microalga is a highly tolerant species to cadmium toxicity; for this reason, it is interesting to know its potential for use in the removal of this metal. The use of living biomass offers better possibilities than that of dead biomass since cadmium can also be bioaccumulated inside the cells. For this purpose, tolerant species are necessary. P. tricornutum is within this category with an EC50,96h of 19.1 ± 3.5 mg Cd (II)/L, and in the present manuscript, it is demonstrated that this microalga has a very good potential for bioremediation of Cd (II) ions in saline habitats. Cadmium removed by the cells was divided into three fractions: total, intracellular and bioadsorbed. The experiments were conducted for 96 h in natural seawater with a concentration range of 1-100 mg Cd (II)/L. Each fraction was characterized every 24 h by sorption isotherms. The experimental isotherm data were analyzed using the Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich and Temkin equations. The biosorption was well described by Langmuir isotherm followed by Freundlich. The worst model was Temkin. The biosorption capacity of this microalga for Cd (II) ions was found to be 67.1 ± 3.2 mg/g after 96 h with approximately 40 % of this capacity in the intracellular fraction. The bioconcentration factor determined was 2,204.7 after 96 h and with an initial Cd (II) concentration of 1 mg/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Torres
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Alejandro de La Sota, No. 1, 15008, La Coruña, Spain,
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Huang CP, Wang J. Specific chemical interactions between metal ions and biological solids exemplified by sludge particulates. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 160:32-42. [PMID: 24495800 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption of metals onto biological surfaces was studied exemplified by municipal sludge particulates of the primary, the secondary, and the tertiary sludge types from four regional wastewater treatment plants. Major factors affecting the extent of metal adsorption including pH, DOM, total biomass, and total metal loading were studied. The acidity-basicity characteristics of the DOM, the metal ions (Lewis acids), and the surface of the sludge particulates make pH the most important parameter in metal adsorption. Change in pH can modify the speciation of the metal ions, the DOM, and the surface acidity of the sludge particulates and subsequently determines the degree of metal distribution between the aqueous phase and the sludge solids. Information on the acidity-basicity characteristics of the DOM and the sludge particulates are used to calculate the stability constant of metal ion-sludge complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Huang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Department of Civil, Architectural & Environmental Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
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Chen BY, Chen CY, Guo WQ, Chang HW, Chen WM, Lee DJ, Huang CC, Ren NQ, Chang JS. Fixed-bed biosorption of cadmium using immobilized Scenedesmus obliquus CNW-N cells on loofa (Luffa cylindrica) sponge. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 160:175-181. [PMID: 24581862 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A continuous fixed-bed biosorption process was established for cadmium (Cd) removal by Scenedesmus obliquus CNW-N (isolated from southern Taiwan) cells immobilized onto loofa sponge. This immobilized-cell biosorption process allows better recovery and reusability of the microalgal biomass. The growth of microalgae on the matrix support with appropriate nutrient supplementation could enhance the overall metal removal activity. Major operating parameters (e.g., feeding flow rate, cycle number of medium replacement, and particle diameter of the sponge) were studied for treatability evaluation. The most promising cell growth on the sponge support was obtained at a flow rate of 0.284 bed volume (BV)/min, sponge particle diameter of 1 cm, and with one cycle of medium replacement. The performance of fixed-bed biosorption (adsorption capacity of 38.4 mg, breakthrough time at 15.5 h) was achieved at a flow rate of 5 ml/min with an influent concentration of 7.5 mg Cd/l.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor-Yann Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National I-Lan University, I-Lan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yen Chen
- Center for Biosciences and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Qian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Hao-Wei Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ming Chen
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung Marine University, No. 142, Hai-Chuan Rd., Nan-Tzu, Kaohsiung City 811, Taiwan
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Chen Huang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Department of Life Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Qi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Center for Biosciences and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Research Center for Energy Technology and Strategy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Chen CY, Bai MD, Chang JS. Improving microalgal oil collecting efficiency by pretreating the microalgal cell wall with destructive bacteria. Biochem Eng J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2013.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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35
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Khani MH. Dynamics and Thermodynamics Studies on the Lead and Cadmium Removal from Aqueous Solutions byPadinasp. Algae: Studies in Single and Binary Metal Systems. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2013.809761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Imamoglu M. Adsorption of Cd(II) Ions onto Activated Carbon Prepared from Hazelnut Husks. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2012.739869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Establishment of an efficient genetic transformation system in Scenedesmus obliquus. J Biotechnol 2013; 163:61-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abdel-Raouf N, Al-Homaidan A, Ibraheem I. Microalgae and wastewater treatment. Saudi J Biol Sci 2012; 19:257-75. [PMID: 24936135 PMCID: PMC4052567 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2012.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 403] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2012] [Revised: 04/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic and inorganic substances which were released into the environment as a result of domestic, agricultural and industrial water activities lead to organic and inorganic pollution. The normal primary and secondary treatment processes of these wastewaters have been introduced in a growing number of places, in order to eliminate the easily settled materials and to oxidize the organic material present in wastewater. The final result is a clear, apparently clean effluent which is discharged into natural water bodies. This secondary effluent is, however, loaded with inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus and causes eutrophication and more long-term problems because of refractory organics and heavy metals that are discharged. Microalgae culture offers an interesting step for wastewater treatments, because they provide a tertiary biotreatment coupled with the production of potentially valuable biomass, which can be used for several purposes. Microalgae cultures offer an elegant solution to tertiary and quandary treatments due to the ability of microalgae to use inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus for their growth. And also, for their capacity to remove heavy metals, as well as some toxic organic compounds, therefore, it does not lead to secondary pollution. In the current review we will highlight on the role of micro-algae in the treatment of wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Abdel-Raouf
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Medical Studies and Sciences Sections, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A.A. Al-Homaidan
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, P.O. Box 2455, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - I.B.M. Ibraheem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, P.O. Box 2455, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
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