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Sokolov P, Evsegneeva I, Karaulov A, Sukhanova A, Nabiev I. Allergen Microarrays and New Physical Approaches to More Sensitive and Specific Detection of Allergen-Specific Antibodies. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:353. [PMID: 39056629 PMCID: PMC11275078 DOI: 10.3390/bios14070353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of allergic diseases has increased tremendously in recent decades, which can be attributed to growing exposure to environmental triggers, changes in dietary habits, comorbidity, and the increased use of medications. In this context, the multiplexed diagnosis of sensitization to various allergens and the monitoring of the effectiveness of treatments for allergic diseases become particularly urgent issues. The detection of allergen-specific antibodies, in particular, sIgE and sIgG, is a modern alternative to skin tests due to the safety and efficiency of this method. The use of allergen microarrays to detect tens to hundreds of allergen-specific antibodies in less than 0.1 mL of blood serum enables the transition to a deeply personalized approach in the diagnosis of these diseases while reducing the invasiveness and increasing the informativeness of analysis. This review discusses the technological approaches underlying the development of allergen microarrays and other protein microarrays, including the methods of selection of the microarray substrates and matrices for protein molecule immobilization, the obtainment of allergens, and the use of different types of optical labels for increasing the sensitivity and specificity of the detection of allergen-specific antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Sokolov
- Life Improvement by Future Technologies (LIFT) Center, 143025 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Nano-Bioengineering, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), 115409 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Evsegneeva
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146 Moscow, Russia; (I.E.); (A.K.)
| | - Alexander Karaulov
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146 Moscow, Russia; (I.E.); (A.K.)
| | - Alyona Sukhanova
- Laboratoire BioSpecT, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France;
| | - Igor Nabiev
- Life Improvement by Future Technologies (LIFT) Center, 143025 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Nano-Bioengineering, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), 115409 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146 Moscow, Russia; (I.E.); (A.K.)
- Laboratoire BioSpecT, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France;
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Zhou Q, Huang D, Yang H, Hong Z, Wang C. Improvement of Carotenoids' Production by Increasing the Activity of Beta-Carotene Ketolase with Different Strategies. Microorganisms 2024; 12:377. [PMID: 38399781 PMCID: PMC10891602 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Canthaxanthin is an important antioxidant with wide application prospects, and β-carotene ketolase is the key enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of canthaxanthin. However, the challenge for the soluble expression of β-carotene ketolase is that it hinders the large-scale production of carotenoids such as canthaxanthin and astaxanthin. Hence, this study employed several strategies aiming to improve the soluble expression of β-carotene ketolase and its activity, including selecting optimal expression vectors, screening induction temperatures, adding soluble expression tags, and adding a molecular chaperone. Results showed that all these strategies can improve the soluble expression and activity of β-carotene ketolase in Escherichia coli. In particular, the production of soluble β-carotene ketolase was increased 8 times, with a commercial molecular chaperon of pG-KJE8, leading to a 1.16-fold enhancement in the canthaxanthin production from β-carotene. Interestingly, pG-KJE8 could also enhance the soluble expression of β-carotene ketolase derived from eukaryotic microalgae. Further research showed that the production of canthaxanthin and echinenone was significantly improved by as many as 30.77 times when the pG-KJE8 was added, indicating the molecular chaperone performed differently among different β-carotene ketolase. This study not only laid a foundation for further research on the improvement of β-carotene ketolase activity but also provided new ideas for the improvement of carotenoid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaomian Zhou
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (Q.Z.); (D.H.)
| | - Danqiong Huang
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (Q.Z.); (D.H.)
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biological Development and Application, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Haihong Yang
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (Q.Z.); (D.H.)
| | - Zeyu Hong
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (Q.Z.); (D.H.)
| | - Chaogang Wang
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (Q.Z.); (D.H.)
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biological Development and Application, Shenzhen 518060, China
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Xu H, Cheng Q, Qiu Y, Mao J, Ji Q, Zhu M, Zhang L, Wang Z, Li A, Xia Y. A Novel Strategy for Whole-Cell Biotransformation Enabling Simultaneous l-Phenyllactic Acid Production and Coenzyme Regeneration. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:20772-20781. [PMID: 37963219 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
l-Phenyllactic acid (l-PLA) is a small molecular organic acid that exhibits a powerful capacity for inhibition against foodborne pathogens. In this work, we developed a new cost-effective and environmentally friendly process for the biosynthesis of l-PLA. This strategy designed a novel whole-cell biotransformation system employing two heterologous enzymes, namely, phenylalanine dehydrogenase (PheDH) and l-hydroxyisocaproate dehydrogenase (l-HicDH). The novelty of this strategy lies in the first-time utilization of these two enzymes, which not only enables cascade catalysis for the production of l-PLA but also facilitates the regeneration of the coenzymes (NAD+/NADH) using only two enzymes rather than introducing more heterologous enzymes to the system. Consequently, this strategy can effectively simplify the biosynthesis process of l-PLA and minimize production costs. The initial l-PLA yield using this process achieved 2.53 ± 0.07 g/L. Furthermore, through meticulous optimization of the parameters for inducible enzyme expression and l-PLA biosynthesis, the l-PLA yield was successfully increased to 4.68 ± 0.04 g/L with a yield rate of 64.54 ± 0.29%. Moreover, this novel strategy is versatile in the biosynthesis of other organic acids, which can be achieved by easily modulating the combinations of substrates and enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huidong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qianqian Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yangyu Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jingjing Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qinyi Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Mulan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Zhouping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Aitao Li
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Zhang H, Long Y, Peng Y, Chen Y, Hu C, Chen J, Chen X, Guo A. Soluble expression and purification of recombinant bovine ferritin H-chain. Protein Expr Purif 2023; 211:106340. [PMID: 37481118 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2023.106340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Ferritin is a potential medicine delivery vehicle and vaccine platform, and its efficient expression is a prerequisite for widespread application. This study introduces a soluble expression strategy for recombinant bovine ferritin heavy chain (rFTH) in a prokaryotic system and an improved protein purification method. The amplified rFTH gene was ligated into the prokaryotic expression vector pET30a. The recombinant vectors with the N-terminal His-tag(N-His) or C-terminal His-tag(C-His) were translated and expressed separately. The results showed that the solubility of rFTH with C-His was significantly higher than that with N-His. The expression of rFTH with C-His was attempted at 37 °C and 16 °C, respectively. The results showed that the proportion of soluble protein expressed at 37 °C was more than 90%, higher than that expressed at 16 °C. Then rFTH with C-His was purified successfully using anion exchange chromatography, modified PEG precipitation, and dialysis. The rFTH protein was characterized using SDS-PAGE, Native-PAGE, Western blot, transmission electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering. The results demonstrated that the purified rFTH protein self-assembled into ferritin nanoparticles with a regular shape and uniform size. This study sheds new light on the soluble expression of ferritin and provides a foundation for the construction of bovine ferritin nanoparticle production platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yiting Long
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yongchong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yingyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Changmin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jianguo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Aizhen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Wuhan, 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Halder S, Jaiswal N, Koley H, Mahata N. Cloning, improved expression and purification of invasion plasmid antigen D (IpaD): an effector protein of enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC). Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2023:1-27. [PMID: 36871167 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2023.2184027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
The widespread increase in broad-spectrum antimicrobial resistance is making it more difficult to treat gastrointestinal infections. Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli is a prominent etiological agent of bacillary dysentery, invading via the fecal-oral route and exerting virulence on the host via the type III secretion system. IpaD, a surface-exposed protein on the T3SS tip that is conserved among EIEC and Shigella, may serve as a broad immunogen for bacillary dysentery protection. For the first time, we present an effective framework for improving the expression level and yield of IpaD in the soluble fraction for easy recovery, as well as ideal storage conditions, which may aid in the development of new protein therapies for gastrointestinal infections in the future. To achieve this, uncharacterized full length IpaD gene from EIEC was cloned into pHis-TEV vector and induction parameters were optimized for enhanced expression in the soluble fraction. After affinity-chromatography based purification, 61% pure protein with a yield of 0.33 mg per litre of culture was obtained. The purified IpaD was retained its secondary structure with a prominent α-helical structure as well as functional activity during storage, at 4°C, -20°C and -80°C using 5% sucrose as cryoprotectants, which is a critical criterion for protein-based treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeshna Halder
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, India
| | - Namita Jaiswal
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, India
| | - Hemanta Koley
- Department Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Nibedita Mahata
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, India
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Estabragh AM, Sadeghi HMM, Akbari V. Co-Expression of Chaperones for Improvement of Soluble Expression and Purification of An Anti-HER2 scFv in Escherichia Coli. Adv Biomed Res 2022; 11:117. [PMID: 36798911 PMCID: PMC9926028 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_351_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Single-chain fragment variable (scFv) is one of the most commonly used antibody fragments. They offer some advantages over full-length antibodies, including better penetration to target tissues. However, their functional production has been a challenge for manufacturers due to the potential misfolding and formation of inclusion bodies. Here we evaluated the soluble expression and purification of molecular chaperone co-expression. Materials and Methods E. coli BL21(DE3) cells were co-transformed with the mixture of plasmids pKJE7 and pET22b-scFv by the electroporation method. First, L-arabinose was added to induce the expression of molecular chaperones, and then IPTG was used as an inducer to start the expression of anti-HER2 scFv. The effect of cultivation temperature and IPTG concentration on soluble expression of the protein with or without chaperones was evaluated. The soluble expressed protein was subjected to native purification using the Ni-NTA affinity column. Results SDS-PAGE analysis confirmed the successful co-expression of anti-HER2-scFv and DnaK/DnaJ/GrpE chaperones. Co-expression with chaperones and low-temperature cultivation synergistically improved the soluble expression of anti-HER2 scFv. Co-expression with chaperone also exhibited an approximately four-fold increase in the final yield of purified soluble protein. Conclusion The combination of co-expression with chaperones and low temperature presented in this work may be useful for the improvement of commercial production of other scFvs in E. coli as functionally bioactive and soluble form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Mirzapour Estabragh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamid Mir Mohammad Sadeghi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Vajihe Akbari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Address for correspondence: Dr. Vajihe Akbari, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. E-mail:
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Du M, Hou Z, Liu L, Xuan Y, Chen X, Fan L, Li Z, Xu B. 1Progress, applications, challenges and prospects of protein purification technology. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1028691. [PMID: 36561042 PMCID: PMC9763899 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1028691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein is one of the most important biological macromolecules in life, which plays a vital role in cell growth, development, movement, heredity, reproduction and other life activities. High quality isolation and purification is an essential step in the study of the structure and function of target proteins. Therefore, the development of protein purification technologies has great theoretical and practical significance in exploring the laws of life activities and guiding production practice. Up to now, there is no forthcoming method to extract any proteins from a complex system, and the field of protein purification still faces significant opportunities and challenges. Conventional protein purification generally includes three steps: pretreatment, rough fractionation, and fine fractionation. Each of the steps will significantly affect the purity, yield and the activity of target proteins. The present review focuses on the principle and process of protein purification, recent advances, and the applications of these technologies in the life and health industry as well as their far-reaching impact, so as to promote the research of protein structure and function, drug development and precision medicine, and bring new insights to researchers in related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Du
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Fenyang College, Shanxi Medical University, Fenyang, China
| | - Zhuru Hou
- Science and Technology Centre, Fenyang College of Shanxi Medical University, Fenyang, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Fenyang College, Shanxi Medical University, Fenyang, China,Key Laboratory of Lvliang for Clinical Molecular Diagnostics, Fenyang, China,*Correspondence: Ling Liu, ; Benjin Xu,
| | - Yan Xuan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Fenyang College, Shanxi Medical University, Fenyang, China
| | - Xiaocong Chen
- Department of Basic Medicine, Fenyang College of Shanxi Medical University, Fenyang, China
| | - Lei Fan
- Department of Basic Medicine, Fenyang College of Shanxi Medical University, Fenyang, China
| | - Zhuoxi Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Fenyang College of Shanxi Medical University, Fenyang, China
| | - Benjin Xu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Fenyang College, Shanxi Medical University, Fenyang, China,Key Laboratory of Lvliang for Clinical Molecular Diagnostics, Fenyang, China,*Correspondence: Ling Liu, ; Benjin Xu,
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Pang C, Zhang G, Liu S, Zhou J, Li J, Du G. Engineering sigma factors and chaperones for enhanced heterologous lipoxygenase production in Escherichia coli. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022; 15:105. [PMID: 36217152 PMCID: PMC9552429 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02206-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipoxygenase (EC. 1.13.11.12, LOX) can catalyze the addition of oxygen into polyunsaturated fatty acids to produce hydroperoxides, which are widely used in the food, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries. In recent years, the heterologous production of LOX by Escherichia coli has attracted extensive attention. However, overexpressed recombinant LOX in E. coli aggregates and forms insoluble inclusion bodies owing to protein misfolding. RESULTS In this study, a split green fluorescent protein-based screening method was developed to screen sigma (σ) factors and molecular chaperones for soluble LOX expression. Three mutant libraries of Skp, GroES, and RpoH was analyzed using the high-throughput screening method developed herein, and a series of mutants with significantly higher yield of soluble heterologous LOX were obtained. The soluble expression level of LOX in the isolated mutants increased by 4.2- to 5.3-fold. Further, the highest LOX activity (up to 6240 ± 269 U·g-DCW-1) was observed in E. coli REopt, with the regulatory factor mutants, RpoH and GroES. Based on RNA-Seq analysis of the selected strains, E. coli Eopt, E. coli Sopt, E. coli Ropt, and wild type, amino acid substitutions in σ factors and molecular chaperones regulated the expression level of genes related to gene replication, recombination, and repair. Furthermore, the regulatory factor mutants were identified to be beneficial to the soluble expression of two other heterologous proteins, amylase and bone morphological protein 12. CONCLUSION In this study, a high-throughput screening method was developed for improved soluble LOX expression. The obtained positive mutants of the regulatory factor were analyzed and employed for the expression of other heterologous proteins, thus providing a potential solution for the inclusion-body protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Pang
- grid.258151.a0000 0001 0708 1323National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China ,grid.258151.a0000 0001 0708 1323Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 China
| | - Guoqiang Zhang
- grid.258151.a0000 0001 0708 1323National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China ,grid.258151.a0000 0001 0708 1323Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 China ,grid.258151.a0000 0001 0708 1323Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education On Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
| | - Song Liu
- grid.258151.a0000 0001 0708 1323National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China ,grid.258151.a0000 0001 0708 1323Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 China ,grid.258151.a0000 0001 0708 1323Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education On Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- grid.258151.a0000 0001 0708 1323National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China ,grid.258151.a0000 0001 0708 1323Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 China ,grid.258151.a0000 0001 0708 1323Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education On Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
| | - Jianghua Li
- grid.258151.a0000 0001 0708 1323Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 China ,grid.258151.a0000 0001 0708 1323School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China ,grid.258151.a0000 0001 0708 1323Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education On Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
| | - Guocheng Du
- grid.258151.a0000 0001 0708 1323Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 China ,grid.258151.a0000 0001 0708 1323School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China ,grid.258151.a0000 0001 0708 1323Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education On Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
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Sajed M, Falak S, Muhammad MA, Ahmad N, Rashid N. A plant-type L-asparaginase from Pyrobaculum calidifontis undergoes temperature dependent autocleavage. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01215-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Patwa N, Deep S. Role of molecular and chemical chaperon in assisting refolding of BMP2 in E. coli. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 220:204-210. [PMID: 35970369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) when expressed in bacteria forms inclusion bodies (IBs) due to its complex disulfide-rich structure. Chaperons are already well known for their role in assisting protein folding. In our studies, we have used two E. coli strains, BL21(DE3) and SHuffle® T7 cells for overexpressing BMP2 in soluble fraction. We observed that SHuffle® T7 cells successfully expressed soluble functionally active BMP2 in presence of molecular and chemical chaperones at low temperature. The combination of chemical and molecular chaperons further increases the yield of protein. The best-suited chaperon system for overexpression of BMP2 is GroES-GroEL at low temperature. The soluble functionally active BMP2 is confirmed by its binding to its receptor ALK3 through Native PAGE and ELISA assay using BMP2 specific antibody. It is possible to obtain BMP2 expression in soluble active form by using molecular and chemical chaperons which work synergistically in bacterial cells to fold disulphide-rich proteins at low temperature in easy and time saving steps (18 ̊C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitika Patwa
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India
| | - Shashank Deep
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India.
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Expression of Codon-Optimized Gene Encoding Murine Moloney Leukemia Virus Reverse Transcriptase in Escherichia coli. Protein J 2022; 41:515-526. [PMID: 35933571 PMCID: PMC9362449 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-022-10066-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (MMLV-RT) is the most frequently used enzyme in molecular biology for cDNA synthesis. To date, reverse transcription coupled with Polymerase Chain Reaction, known as RT-PCR, has been popular as an excellent approach for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we aimed to improve the enzymatic production and performance of MMLV-RT by optimizing both codon and culture conditions in E. coli expression system. By applying the optimized codon and culture conditions, the enzyme was successfully overexpressed and increased at high level based on the result of SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. The total amount of MMLV-RT has improved 85-fold from 0.002 g L-1 to 0.175 g L-1 of culture. One-step purification by nickel affinity chromatography has been performed to generate the purified enzyme for further analysis of qualitative and quantitative RT activity. Overall, our investigation provides useful strategies to enhance the recombinant enzyme of MMLV-RT in both production and performance. More importantly, the enzyme has shown promising activity to be used for RT-PCR assay.
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Sajed M, Ahmad N, Rashid N. Temperature dependent autocleavage and applications of recombinant L-asparaginase from Thermococcus kodakarensis for acrylamide mitigation. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:129. [PMID: 35607391 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03197-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
This manuscript describes enhancement of soluble production, auto-cleavage analysis and assessment of acrylamide mitigation potential of Tk2246, a plant-type L-asparaginase from Thermococcus kodakarensis. The gene encoding Tk2246 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Recombinant Tk2246 was produced mainly in insoluble form. Various strategies were utilized to enhance the soluble production, which significantly increased the soluble yield. Interestingly, recombinant Tk2246 was produced even without addition of the inducer, though relatively in a lower amount. To our surprise, Tk2246 was produced in partially cleaved form when the inducer was not added in the culture. When applied for acrylamide mitigation, Tk2246 reduced the acrylamide formation more than 80% in French fries, chapati and yeast-leavened bread. In addition to acrylamide mitigation, Tk2246 exhibited antistaling activity without loss of sensory properties of the food. High activity, thermostability and efficient acrylamide reduction capability make Tk2246 a potential candidate for industrial applications.
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Ellatif SA, Abdel Razik ES, AL-surhanee AA, Al-Sarraj F, Daigham GE, Mahfouz AY. Enhanced Production, Cloning, and Expression of a Xylanase Gene from Endophytic Fungal Strain Trichoderma harzianum kj831197.1: Unveiling the In Vitro Anti-Fungal Activity against Phytopathogenic Fungi. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8050447. [PMID: 35628703 PMCID: PMC9144407 DOI: 10.3390/jof8050447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichoderma sp. is extensively applied as a beneficial fungus for the management of plant diseases, plant growth promotion, induced resistance, and plays an important role in global sustainable agriculture. This study aimed to enhance the production of microbial xylanase in high titer from the endophytic fungus Trichoderma harzianum kj831197.1, and the cloning of xylanase genes in E. coli DH5α using a pUC19 vector. A combination of glucose, 0.1 mM, Tween 80 with lactose, and 2 mM galactose combined with malt extract boostedthe enzyme production. Xylanase production was maximized at a pH of 5.0, temp. of 30 °C, and agitation of 150 rpm in the presence of malt extract and bagasse as the best nitrogen source and waste, respectively, using submerged fermentation. The molecular weight of highly purified xylanase was 32 KDa, identified using SDS-PAGE. The xylanase gene of T. harzianum kj831197.1 was screened in fungal DNA using definite primers specified in the gene bank database. The identified region was excised using restriction enzymes HindIII and EcoRI and cloned into a pUC19 plasmid vector. Optimization of fermentation conditions improved xylanase production about 23.9-fold.The antifungal efficacy of xylanase toward different phytopathogenic fungi was determined. The highest inhibition was against Corynespora cassiicola, Alternaria sp., Fusarium oxysporum, and Botrytis fabae. This study offered an economical, simple, and efficient method using Trichoderma harzianum kj831197.1 for the production of the xylanase enzyme via the submerged fermentation method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan Abd Ellatif
- Bioprocess Development Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Borg El-Arab 21934, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Elsayed S. Abdel Razik
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Borg El-Arab 21934, Egypt;
| | | | - Faisal Al-Sarraj
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ghadir E. Daigham
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Girls Branch), Cairo 11435, Egypt; (G.E.D.); (A.Y.M.)
| | - Amira Y. Mahfouz
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Girls Branch), Cairo 11435, Egypt; (G.E.D.); (A.Y.M.)
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BAHA S, ZHANG M, BEHLOUL N, LIU Z, WEI W, MENG J. Efficient production and characterization of immunogenic HEV-PCV2 chimeric virus-like particles. Vet Microbiol 2022; 268:109410. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Efficient production of d-glucosamine by diacetylchitobiose deacetylase catalyzed deacetylation of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine. Biotechnol Lett 2022; 44:473-483. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-022-03225-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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16
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Xiong N, Xie D, Dong Y, Xue YP, Zheng YG. Efficient biosynthesis of 1-cyanocyclohexaneacetic acid using a highly soluble nitrilase by N-terminus modification of novel peptide tags. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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17
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Xu T, Li M, Wang C, Yuan M, Chang X, Qian Z, Li B, Sun M, Wang H. Codon Optimization, Soluble Expression and Purification of PE_PGRS45 Gene from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Preparation of Its Polyclonal Antibody Protein. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:1583-1590. [PMID: 34489370 PMCID: PMC9705950 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2106.06006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated that PE_PGRS45 is constitutively expressed under various environmental conditions (such as nutrient depletion, hypoxia, and low pH) of the in vitro growth conditions examined, indicating that PE_PGRS45 protein is critical to the basic functions of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, there are few reports about the biochemical function and pathogenic mechanism of PE_PGRS45 protein. The fact that this M. tuberculosis gene is not easily expressed in E. coli may be mainly due to the high content of G+C and the use of unique codons. Fusion tags are indispensable tools used to improve the soluble expression of recombinant proteins and accelerate the characterization of protein structure and function. In the present study, His6, Trx, and His6-MBP were used as fusion tags, but only MBP-PE_PGRS45 was expressed solubly. The purification using His6-MBP tag-specific binding to the Ni column was easy to separate after the tag cleavage. We used the purified PE_PGRS45 to immunize New Zealand rabbits and obtained anti- PE_PGRS45 serum. We found that the titer of polyclonal antibodies against PE_PGR45 was higher than 1:256000. The result shows that purified PE_PGRS45 can induce New Zealand rabbits to produce high-titer antibodies. In conclusion, the recombinant protein PE_PGRS45 was successfully expressed in E. coli and specific antiserum was prepared, which will be followed by further evaluation of these specific antigens to develop highly sensitive and specific diagnostic tests for tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China
| | - Minying Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China
| | - Chutong Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China
| | - Meili Yuan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China
| | - Xianyou Chang
- The Infectious Disease Hospital of Bengbu City, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China
| | - Zhongqing Qian
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China
| | - Baiqing Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China
| | - Meiqun Sun
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China,Department of Histology and Embryology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China,Corresponding author Phone: +86-0552-3171086 Fax: +86-0552-3171086 E-mail:
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18
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Talaei A, Mazaheri S, Bayat E, Bakhshandeh B, Sabzalinejad M, Damough S, Mahboudi F, Nematollahi L, Talebkhan Y. Production of Soluble and Functional Anti-TNF-α Fab' Fragment in Cytoplasm of E. coli: Investigating the Effect of Process Conditions on Cellular Biomass and Protein Yield Using Response Surface Methodology. Protein J 2021; 40:786-798. [PMID: 34023982 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-021-09996-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing dominance of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in the biopharmaceutical industry and smaller antibody fragments bringing notable advantages over full-length antibodies, it is of considerable significance to choose the most suitable production system. Although mammalian expression system has been the preferred choice in recent years for mAbs production, E. coli could be the favorable host for non-glycosylated small antibody fragments due to the emergence of new engineered E. coli strains capable of forming disulfide-bonds in their cytoplasm.In this study, non-glycosylated anti-TNF-α Fab' moiety of Certolizumab pegol, produced by periplasmic expression in E. coli in previous studies, was produced in the cytoplasm of E. coli SHuffle strain. The results indicated that it is biologically functional by testing the antigen-binding activity via indirect ELISA and inhibition of TNF-α induced cytotoxicity using MTT test. Major factors affecting protein production and, optimized culture conditions were examined by analyzing growth characteristics and patterns of expression in 24 h of post-induction cultivation and, optimization of culture conditions by response surface methodology considering temperature, time of induction and concentration of inducer in small (tube) and shake-flask scale. Based on the results, temperature had the most significant influence on functional protein yield while exerting different impacts in small and shake-flask scales, which indicated that cultivation volume is also an important factor that should be taken into account in optimization process. Furthermore, richness of medium and slower cellular growth rate improved specific cellular yield of functional protein by having a positive effect on the solubility of Fab' antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andisheh Talaei
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Mazaheri
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Bayat
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnaz Bakhshandeh
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Shadi Damough
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Leila Nematollahi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Yeganeh Talebkhan
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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Mathioudaki E, Arvaniti K, Muenke C, Drakonaki A, Vranakis I, Koutantou M, Psaroulaki A, Xie H, Tsiotis G. Expression, purification and characterization of the IcmG and IcmK proteins of the type IVB secretion system from Coxiella burnetii. Protein Expr Purif 2021; 186:105905. [PMID: 33989770 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2021.105905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Coxiella burnetii, the causative agent of Q fever, is an intracellular bacterial pathogen. Studies on Coxiella have shown that a type IVB secretion system (T4BSS) contributes to the establishment of the infection by transferring protein molecules. In this report, we focus on two core proteins of the Coxiella T4BSS, namely the IcmG/DotF protein (CBU_1626) and the IcmK/DotH protein (CBU_1628). Here we present a method for the recombinant expression of IcmG and IcmK in E. coli. IcmG was purified by Strep-Tactin affinity chromatography and size exclusion chromatography, while for the purification of IcmK an additional anion exchange chromatography step was introduced. The yields of the purified IcmG and IcmK proteins were 1.2 mg/L and 3 mg/L, respectively. The purified proteins showed predominant band on SDS-PAGE gel of 37 kDa for the IcmG and 40 kDa for the IcmK. Protein folding is confirmed by circular dichroism spectroscopy. The dynamic light scattering experiment indicated that IcmG and IcmK existed in a homogenous form. Further Blue native PAGE indicates the presences of a monomeric form for the IcmK and IcmG. Our work lays the basis for functional exploration and structural determination of IcmG and IcmK proteins of Coxiella's secretion system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Mathioudaki
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, GR-71003, Voutes, Greece
| | - Katerina Arvaniti
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, GR-71003, Voutes, Greece
| | - Cornelia Muenke
- Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Max-von-Laue-Straße 3, D-60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Athina Drakonaki
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, GR-71003, Voutes, Greece
| | - Iosif Vranakis
- Department of Clinical Bacteriology, Parasitology, Zoonoses and Geographical Medicine, Medical School, University of Crete, GR-71110, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Myrto Koutantou
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, GR-71003, Voutes, Greece
| | - Anna Psaroulaki
- Department of Clinical Bacteriology, Parasitology, Zoonoses and Geographical Medicine, Medical School, University of Crete, GR-71110, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Hao Xie
- Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Max-von-Laue-Straße 3, D-60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Georgios Tsiotis
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, GR-71003, Voutes, Greece.
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20
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Restrepo-Pineda S, Pérez NO, Valdez-Cruz NA, Trujillo-Roldán MA. Thermoinducible expression system for producing recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli: advances and insights. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 45:6223457. [PMID: 33844837 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuab023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant protein (RP) production from Escherichia coli has been extensively studied to find strategies for increasing product yields. The thermoinducible expression system is commonly employed at the industrial level to produce various RPs which avoids the addition of chemical inducers, thus minimizing contamination risks. Multiple aspects of the molecular origin and biotechnological uses of its regulatory elements (pL/pR promoters and cI857 thermolabile repressor) derived from bacteriophage λ provide knowledge to improve the bioprocesses using this system. Here, we discuss the main aspects of the potential use of the λpL/pR-cI857 thermoinducible system for RP production in E. coli, focusing on the approaches of investigations that have contributed to the advancement of this expression system. Metabolic and physiological changes that occur in the host cells caused by heat stress and by RP overproduction are also described. Therefore, the current scenario and the future applications of systems that use heat to induce RP production is discussed to understand the relationship between the activation of the bacterial heat shock response, RP accumulation, and its possible aggregation to form inclusion bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Restrepo-Pineda
- Unidad de Bioprocesos, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Néstor O Pérez
- Probiomed S.A. de C.V. Planta Tenancingo, Cruce de Carreteras Acatzingo-Zumpahuacan SN, 52400 Tenancingo, Estado de México, México
| | - Norma A Valdez-Cruz
- Unidad de Bioprocesos, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Mauricio A Trujillo-Roldán
- Unidad de Bioprocesos, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
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21
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Bhatwa A, Wang W, Hassan YI, Abraham N, Li XZ, Zhou T. Challenges Associated With the Formation of Recombinant Protein Inclusion Bodies in Escherichia coli and Strategies to Address Them for Industrial Applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:630551. [PMID: 33644021 PMCID: PMC7902521 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.630551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant proteins are becoming increasingly important for industrial applications, where Escherichia coli is the most widely used bacterial host for their production. However, the formation of inclusion bodies is a frequently encountered challenge for producing soluble and functional recombinant proteins. To overcome this hurdle, different strategies have been developed through adjusting growth conditions, engineering host strains of E. coli, altering expression vectors, and modifying the proteins of interest. These approaches will be comprehensively highlighted with some of the new developments in this review. Additionally, the unique features of protein inclusion bodies, the mechanism and influencing factors of their formation, and their potential advantages will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshpreet Bhatwa
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Weijun Wang
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Yousef I. Hassan
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Nadine Abraham
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Xiu-Zhen Li
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Ting Zhou
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
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22
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Effect of temperature on the production of a recombinant antivenom in fed-batch mode. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:1017-1030. [PMID: 33443635 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11093-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In the pharmaceutical industry, nanobodies show promising properties for its application in serotherapy targeting the highly diffusible scorpion toxins. The production of recombinant nanobodies in Escherichia coli has been widely studied in shake flask cultures in rich medium. However, there are no upstream bioprocess studies of nanobody production in defined minimal medium and the effect of the induction temperature on the production kinetics. In this work, the effect of the temperature during the expression of the chimeric bispecific nanobody CH10-12 form, showing high scorpion antivenom potential, was studied in bioreactor cultures of E. coli. High biomass concentrations (25 g cdw/L) were achieved in fed-batch mode, and the expression of the CH10-12 nanobody was induced at temperatures 28, 29, 30, 33, and 37°C with a constant glucose feed. For the bispecific form NbF12-10, the induction was performed at 29°C. Biomass and carbon dioxide yields were reported for each culture phase, and the maintenance coefficient was obtained for each strain. Nanobody production in the CH10-12 strain was higher at low temperatures (lower than 30°C) and declined with the increase of the temperature. At 29°C, the CH10-12, NbF12-10, and WK6 strains were compared. Strains CH10-12 and NbF12-10 had a productivity of 0.052 and 0.021 mg/L/h of nanobody, respectively, after 13 h of induction. The specific productivity of the nanobodies was modeled as a function of the induction temperature and the specific growth rates. Experimental results confirm that low temperatures increase the productivity of the nanobody.Key points• Nanobodies with scorpion antivenom activity produced using two recombinant strains.• Nanobodies production was achieved in fed-batch cultures at different induction temperatures.• Low induction temperatures result in high volumetric productivities of the nanobody CH10-12.
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23
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Qu W, Wang D, Wu J, Chan Z, Di W, Wang J, Zeng R. Production of Neoagaro-Oligosaccharides With Various Degrees of Polymerization by Using a Truncated Marine Agarase. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:574771. [PMID: 33072038 PMCID: PMC7541962 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.574771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactivities, such as freshness maintenance, whitening, and prebiotics, of marine neoagaro-oligosaccharides (NAOS) with 4-12 degrees of polymerization (DPs) have been proven. However, NAOS produced by most marine β-agarases always possess low DPs (≤6) and limited categories; thus, a strategy that can efficiently produce NAOS especially with various DPs ≥8 must be developed. In this study, 60 amino acid residues with no functional annotation result were removed from the C-terminal of agarase AgaM1, and truncated recombinant AgaM1 (trAgaM1) was found to have the ability to produce NAOS with various DPs (4-12) under certain conditions. The catalytic efficiency and stability of trAgaM1 were obviously lower than the wild type (rAgaM1), which probably endowed trAgaM1 with the ability to produce NAOS with various DPs. The optimum conditions for various NAOS production included mixing 1% agarose (w/v) with 10.26 U/ml trAgaM1 and incubating the mixture at 50°C in deionized water for 100 min. This strategy produced neoagarotetraose (NA4), neoagarohexaose (NA6), neoagarooctaose (NA8), neoagarodecaose (NA10), and neoagarododecaose (NA12) at final concentrations of 0.15, 1.53, 1.53, 3.02, and 3.02 g/L, respectively. The NAOS served as end-products of the reaction. The conditions for trAgaM1 expression in a shake flask and 5 L fermentation tank were optimized, and the yields of trAgaM1 increased by 56- and 842-fold compared with those before optimization, respectively. This study provides numerous substrate sources for production and activity tests of NAOS with high DPs and offers a foundation for large-scale production of NAOS with various DPs at a low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Qu
- Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Dingquan Wang
- Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhuhua Chan
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China
| | - Wenjie Di
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China
| | - Jianxin Wang
- Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Runying Zeng
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China.,Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China
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High-resolution crystal structure and biochemical characterization of a GH11 endoxylanase from Nectria haematococca. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15658. [PMID: 32973265 PMCID: PMC7519127 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72644-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymatic degradation of vegetal biomass offers versatile procedures to improve the production of alternative fuels and other biomass-based products. Here we present the three-dimensional structure of a xylanase from Nectria haematococca (NhGH11) at 1.0 Å resolution and its functional properties. The atomic resolution structure provides details and insights about the complex hydrogen bonding network of the active site region and allowed a detailed comparison with homologous structures. Complementary biochemical studies showed that the xylanase can catalyze the hydrolysis of complex xylan into simple xylose aldopentose subunits of different lengths. NhGH11 can catalyze the efficient breakdown of beechwood xylan, xylan polysaccharide, and wheat arabinoxylan with turnover numbers of 1730.6 ± 318.1 min-1, 1648.2 ± 249.3 min-1 and 2410.8 ± 517.5 min-1 respectively. NhGH11 showed maximum catalytic activity at pH 6.0 and 45 °C. The mesophilic character of NhGH11 can be explained by distinct structural features in comparison to thermophilic GH11 enzymes, including the number of hydrogen bonds, side chain interactions and number of buried water molecules. The enzymatic activity of NhGH11 is not very sensitive to metal ions and chemical reagents that are typically present in associated industrial production processes. The data we present highlights the potential of NhGH11 to be applied in industrial biomass degradation processes.
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25
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Jäger VD, Lamm R, Küsters K, Ölçücü G, Oldiges M, Jaeger KE, Büchs J, Krauss U. Catalytically-active inclusion bodies for biotechnology-general concepts, optimization, and application. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:7313-7329. [PMID: 32651598 PMCID: PMC7413871 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10760-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial inclusion bodies (IBs) have long been considered as inactive, unfolded waste material produced by heterologous overexpression of recombinant genes. In industrial applications, they are occasionally used as an alternative in cases where a protein cannot be expressed in soluble form and in high enough amounts. Then, however, refolding approaches are needed to transform inactive IBs into active soluble protein. While anecdotal reports about IBs themselves showing catalytic functionality/activity (CatIB) are found throughout literature, only recently, the use of protein engineering methods has facilitated the on-demand production of CatIBs. CatIB formation is induced usually by fusing short peptide tags or aggregation-inducing protein domains to a target protein. The resulting proteinaceous particles formed by heterologous expression of the respective genes can be regarded as a biologically produced bionanomaterial or, if enzymes are used as target protein, carrier-free enzyme immobilizates. In the present contribution, we review general concepts important for CatIB production, processing, and application. KEY POINTS: • Catalytically active inclusion bodies (CatIBs) are promising bionanomaterials. • Potential applications in biocatalysis, synthetic chemistry, and biotechnology. • CatIB formation represents a generic approach for enzyme immobilization. • CatIB formation efficiency depends on construct design and expression conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera D Jäger
- Institut für Molekulare Enzymtechnologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, 52425, Germany
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, Espoo, 02150, Finland
| | - Robin Lamm
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, 52425, Germany
- AVT-Chair for Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Kira Küsters
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, 52425, Germany
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Gizem Ölçücü
- Institut für Molekulare Enzymtechnologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, 52425, Germany
| | - Marco Oldiges
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, 52425, Germany
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Karl-Erich Jaeger
- Institut für Molekulare Enzymtechnologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, 52425, Germany
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, 52425, Germany
| | - Jochen Büchs
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, 52425, Germany
- AVT-Chair for Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Ulrich Krauss
- Institut für Molekulare Enzymtechnologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany.
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, 52425, Germany.
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, 52425, Germany.
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Fu Z, Fan G, Zhu Y, Teng C, Li H, Liu Q, Yang R, Li X. Soluble expression of a novel feruloyl esterase from Burkholderia pyrrocinia B1213 in Escherichia coli and optimization of production conditions. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2020.1803129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhilei Fu
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, PR China
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Guangsen Fan
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, PR China
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yuting Zhu
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, PR China
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Chao Teng
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, PR China
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hehe Li
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, PR China
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Qian Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ran Yang
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, PR China
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiuting Li
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, PR China
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, PR China
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Datta P, Fu L, He W, Koffas MAG, Dordick JS, Linhardt RJ. Expression of enzymes for 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) biosynthesis and their preparation for PAPS synthesis and regeneration. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:7067-7078. [PMID: 32601738 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10709-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of sulfated polysaccharides involves the sulfation of simpler polysaccharide substrates, through the action sulfotransferases using the cofactor, 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS). Three enzymes are essential for the in vitro synthesis of PAPS, namely, pyrophosphatase (PPA), adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate kinase (APSK), and ATP sulfurylase (ATPS). The optimized enzyme expression ratio and effect on PAPS synthesis were evaluated using ePathBrick, a novel synthetic biology tool that assemble multiple genes in a single vector. The introduction of multiple promoters and stop codons at different location enable the bacterial system to fine tune expression level of the genes inserted. Recombinant vectors expressing PPA (U39393.1), ATPS (CP021243.1), and PPA (CP047127.1) were used for fermentations and resulted in volumetric yields of 400-1380 mg/L with accumulation of 34-66% in the soluble fraction. The enzymes from soluble fraction, without any further purification, were used for PAPS synthesis. The PAPS was used for the chemoenzymatic synthesis of a heparan sulfate polysaccharide and coupled with a PAPS-ASTIV regeneration system. ASTIV catalyzes the regeneration of PAPS. A recombinant vector expressing the enzyme ASTIV (from Rattus norvegicus) was used for fermentations and resulted in volumetric yield of 1153 mg/L enzyme with accumulation of 48% in the soluble fraction. In conclusion, we have successfully utilized a metabolic engineering approach to optimize the overall PAPS synthesis productivity. In addition, we have demonstrated that the ePathBrick system could be applied towards study and improvement of enzymatic synthesis conditions. In parallel, we have successfully demonstrated an autoinduction microbial fermentation towards the production of mammalian enzyme (ASTIV). KEY POINTS : • ePathBrick used to optimize expression levels of enzymes. • Protocols have been used for the production of recombinant enzymes. • High cell density fed-batch fermentations with high yields of soluble enzymes. • Robust fermentation protocol successfully transferred to contract manufacturing and research facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payel Datta
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Li Fu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Wenqin He
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - M A G Koffas
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
| | - J S Dordick
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
- Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
| | - R J Linhardt
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
- Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
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Purification and characterizations of a nanocage ferritin GF1 from oyster (Crassostrea gigas). Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Yao D, Fan J, Han R, Xiao J, Li Q, Xu G, Dong J, Ni Y. Enhancing soluble expression of sucrose phosphorylase in Escherichia coli by molecular chaperones. Protein Expr Purif 2020; 169:105571. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2020.105571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Use of plasmids for expression of proteins from the genus Leishmania in Escherichia coli: current state and perspectives. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:4273-4280. [PMID: 32215706 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10548-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniosis is caused by the protozoa of the genus Leishmania with a wide spectrum of clinical and epidemiological manifestations which are characterized into four clinical groups: cutaneous, mucocutaneous, diffuse cutaneous, and visceral. American visceral leishmaniosis (AVL) or visceral leishmaniosis (VL) has been known as the most severe form of the disease. However, despite the growing number of people exposed to the infection risk and the great effort done by the scientific community worldwide to significantly increase the knowledge about these diseases, there is no vaccine capable of preventing VL in humans. In this short review, we present some of the plasmids used for the expression of recombinant protein by Escherichia coli strains used mainly for the second generation of vaccines for leishmaniosis. It can be emphasized that currently, these vectors and hosts play an important role in developing vaccine strategies against the disease. Indeed, use of the E. coli BL21 (DE) strain is remarkable mainly due to its characteristics for being a stable protein producer as well as the use of histidine tags for antigen purification. KEY POINTS: • Plasmid vectors and E. coli will continue being important for studies about leishmaniosis. • Protein purification exploiting histidine tags is a key technique.
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Detailed small-scale characterization and scale-up of active YFP inclusion body production with Escherichia coli induced by a tetrameric coiled coil domain. J Biosci Bioeng 2020; 129:730-740. [PMID: 32143998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
During heterologous protein production with Escherichia coli, the formation of inclusion bodies (IBs) is often a major drawback as these aggregated proteins are usually inactive. However, different strategies for the generation of IBs consisting of catalytically active proteins have recently been described. In this study, the archaeal tetrameric coiled-coil domain of the cell-surface protein tetrabrachion was fused to a target reporter protein to produce fluorescent IBs (FIBs). As the cultivation conditions severely influence IB formation, the entire cultivation process resulting in the production of FIBs were thoroughly studied. First, the cultivation process was scaled down based on the maximum oxygen transfer capacity, combining online monitoring technologies for shake flasks and microtiter plates with offline sampling. The evaluation of culture conditions in complex terrific broth autoinduction medium showed strong oxygen limitation and leaky expression. Furthermore, strong acetate formation and pH changes from 6.5 to 8.8 led to sub-optimal cultivation conditions. However, in minimal Wilms-MOPS autoinduction medium, defined culture conditions and a tightly controlled expression were achieved. The production of FIBs is strongly influenced by the induction strength. Increasing induction strengths result in lower total amounts of functional protein. However, the amount of functional FIBs increases. Furthermore, to prevent the formation of conventional inactive IBs, a temperature shift from 37 °C to 15 °C is crucial to generate FIBs. Finally, the gained insights were transferred to a stirred tank reactor batch fermentation. Hereby, 12 g/L FIBs were produced, making up 43 % (w/w) of the total generated biomass.
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Bhardwaj N, Kumar B, Verma P. A detailed overview of xylanases: an emerging biomolecule for current and future prospective. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s40643-019-0276-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Xylan is the second most abundant naturally occurring renewable polysaccharide available on earth. It is a complex heteropolysaccharide consisting of different monosaccharides such as l-arabinose, d-galactose, d-mannoses and organic acids such as acetic acid, ferulic acid, glucuronic acid interwoven together with help of glycosidic and ester bonds. The breakdown of xylan is restricted due to its heterogeneous nature and it can be overcome by xylanases which are capable of cleaving the heterogeneous β-1,4-glycoside linkage. Xylanases are abundantly present in nature (e.g., molluscs, insects and microorganisms) and several microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, yeast, and algae are used extensively for its production. Microbial xylanases show varying substrate specificities and biochemical properties which makes it suitable for various applications in industrial and biotechnological sectors. The suitability of xylanases for its application in food and feed, paper and pulp, textile, pharmaceuticals, and lignocellulosic biorefinery has led to an increase in demand of xylanases globally. The present review gives an insight of using microbial xylanases as an “Emerging Green Tool” along with its current status and future prospective.
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Heterologous Ectoine Production in Escherichia coli: Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology. Int J Microbiol 2019; 2019:5475361. [PMID: 31354830 PMCID: PMC6636453 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5475361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction A halophilic bacterium of the Halomonas elongata BK-AG25 has successfully produced ectoine with high productivity. To overcome the drawbacks of high levels of salt in the production process, a nonhalophilic bacteria of Escherichia coli (E. coli) was used to express the ectoine gene cluster of the halophilic bacteria, and the production of ectoine by the recombinant cell was optimized. Methods The ectoine gene cluster from the halophilic bacterium was isolated and inserted into an expression plasmid of pET30(a) and subsequently transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3). Production of ectoine from the recombinant E. coli was investigated and then maximized by optimizing the level of nutrients in the medium, as well as the bioprocess conditions using response surface methodology. The experimental designs were performed using a central composite design. Results The recombinant E. coli successfully expressed the ectoine gene cluster of Halomonas elongata BK-AG25 under the control of the T7 promoter. The recombinant cell was able to produce ectoine, of which most were excreted into the medium. The optimization of ectoine production with the response surface methodology showed that the level of salt in the medium, the incubation temperature, the optical density of the bacteria before induction, and the final concentration of the inducer gave a significant effect on ectoine production by the recombinant E. coli. Interestingly, the level of salt in the medium and the incubation temperature showed an inverse effect on the production of intracellular and extracellular ectoine by the recombinant cell. At the optimum conditions, the production yield was about 418 mg ectoine/g cdw (cell dry weight) after 12 hours of incubation. Conclusion This study is the first report on the expression of an ectoine gene cluster of Halomonas elongata BK-AG25 in E. coli BL21, under the control of the T7 promoter. Optimization of the level of nutrients in the medium, as well as the bioprocess condition using response surface methodology, has successfully increased the production of ectoine by the recombinant bacteria.
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Ribeiro VT, Asevedo EA, de Paiva Vasconcelos LTC, Filho MAO, de Araújo JS, de Macedo GR, de Sousa Júnior FC, Dos Santos ES. Evaluation of induction conditions for plasmid pQE-30 stability and 503 antigen of Leishmania i. chagasi expression in E. coli M15. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:6495-6504. [PMID: 31218376 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09948-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of induction conditions (IPTG concentration, temperature, and induction time) on the plasmid pQE-30 stability and 503 antigen expression of Leishmania i. chagasi in Escherichia coli M15. Batch cultures were performed at 37 °C and induced by the addition of different IPTG concentrations (0.01 to 1.5 mM). Subsequently, experiments were carried out at different temperatures (27 to 42 °C), evaluating the influence of induction time (0.5 to 6 h after the start of the culture). The results showed that IPTG toxicity caused a metabolic stress in the cells and, consequently, the microorganism growth reduced. The induction with IPTG may also be associated with the plasmid pQE-30 instability, due to metabolic burden imposed by the recombinant protein expression. The optimal conditions for 503 antigen expression of Leishmania i. chagasi in Escherichia coli M15 were an IPTG concentration of 1.0 mM, temperature of 37 °C, and induction time of 2 h. The maximum antigen concentration obtained was 0.119 ± 0.009 g/L, about seven times higher than the lowest concentration. Therefore, the results showed that 503 antigen can be produced in laboratory; however, it requires more studies to minimize the plasmid instability and improve to industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Troccoli Ribeiro
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Sen. Salgado Filho, 3000, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Estéfani Alves Asevedo
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Sen. Salgado Filho, 3000, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Luan Tales Costa de Paiva Vasconcelos
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Sen. Salgado Filho, 3000, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Marcos Antônio Oliveira Filho
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Sen. Salgado Filho, 3000, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Jaciara Silva de Araújo
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Sen. Salgado Filho, 3000, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Gorete Ribeiro de Macedo
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Sen. Salgado Filho, 3000, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Francisco Canindé de Sousa Júnior
- Pharmacy Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, R. Gen. Gustavo Cordeiro de Faria, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 59012-570, Brazil
| | - Everaldo Silvino Dos Santos
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Sen. Salgado Filho, 3000, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 59078-970, Brazil.
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Barkhordari F, Sohrabi N, Davami F, Mahboudi F, Garoosi YT. Cloning, expression and characterization of a HER2-alpha luffin fusion protein in Escherichia coli. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 49:759-766. [PMID: 31032734 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2019.1608447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, immunotoxins have attracted significant attention in treatment of a wide range of diseases including cancers due to their natural origins and their role in blocking crucial pathways within the cells. Ribosome inactivating proteins (RIPs) are efficient molecules in blocking protein synthesis through interactions with ribosomal rRNA molecules. cDNA molecule encoding HER2 scFv antibody fragment originated from trastuzumab attached to the mature alpha luffin gene fragment was subcloned into pET28a expression vector and expressed in different E. coli expression hosts. Identity of the expressed recombinant protein was investigated through western blotting and the fusion protein was purified using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. The biological activity (toxicity) of the protein was investigated on DNA and RNA samples. A 58 kDa protein was expressed in E. coli. The best protein expression level was achieved in 0.2 mM IPTG at 30 °C in TB medium using E. coli BL21 (DE3) host strain. The fusion protein showed RNase and DNA glycosylase activity on tested RNA and DNA samples. DNA glycosylase activity of the recombinant fusion protein showed that alpha luffin part of this protein is active in conjugation to the scFv molecule and the expressed protein can be further studied in targeted biological in vitro assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Barkhordari
- a Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran.,b Department of Biochemistry, Payame Noor University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Nooshin Sohrabi
- c Department of Biology, Payame Noor University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Fatemeh Davami
- a Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Fereidoun Mahboudi
- a Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran
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Malekian R, Sima S, Jahanian-Najafabadi A, Moazen F, Akbari V. Improvement of soluble expression of GM-CSF in the cytoplasm of Escherichia coli using chemical and molecular chaperones. Protein Expr Purif 2019; 160:66-72. [PMID: 30998976 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The most common approaches to improve soluble expression of heterologous proteins are applications of molecular chaperones such as DnaK, DnaJ, GrpE, GroEL and GroES. The aim of present study was to enhance soluble expression of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in Escherichia coli by different approaches including modification of cultivation and induction conditions, and thermally, genetically and chemically enhancement of expression of cellular chaperones. To genetically enhance amount of molecular chaperones, co-expression of pET28-GM-CSF and pKJE7 plasmids was performed. The soluble expressed protein was affinity purified and subjected to endotoxin removal. Co-expression with molecular chaperones significantly increased soluble expression of GM-CSF. Addition of chemical chaperones and osmolytes like NaCl (0.5 M), sucrose (0.5 M), sorbitol (0.5 M) and MgCl2 (1 mM) to growing media could improve solubility of GM-CSF. Biological activity of purified GM-CSF was confirmed based on its proliferative effect on HL-60 cell lines. The approach developed in the present study can be applied to improve soluble expression of other recombinant protein proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raziyeh Malekian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Setareh Sima
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Jahanian-Najafabadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Moazen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Vajihe Akbari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Efficient production of aggregation prone 4-α-glucanotransferase by combined use of molecular chaperones and chemical chaperones in Escherichia coli. J Biotechnol 2019; 292:68-75. [PMID: 30690094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a combined optimization strategy, based on co-expression of molecular chaperones and supplementation of osmolytes, was used to reduce the formation of inclusion bodies and enhance the expression of the soluble form of 4-α-glucanotransferase. The 4-α-glucanotransferase yield was enhanced by co-expression with pGro7 and supplementation of trimetlylamine oxide. Subsequently, the effects of process conditions (temperature, inducer concentration, and arabinose concentration) on cell growth and 4-α-glucanotransferase production were also investigated in shake flasks. In addition, a modified high-cell-density fermentation approach was proposed and applied in 3-L fermentor supplied with l-arabinose and trimetlylamine oxide, which achieved a dry cell weight of 65.92 g·L-1. Through this cultivation approach at 28 °C, the activity of 4-α-glucanotransferase reached 332.5 U·g-1 dry cell weight, which was 24.6-fold greater than the initial activity in shake flask cultivation. This combined strategy is expected to provide an efficient and economical approach to overproduction of aggregation prone proteins on a large scale.
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de Marco A, Ferrer-Miralles N, Garcia-Fruitós E, Mitraki A, Peternel S, Rinas U, Trujillo-Roldán MA, Valdez-Cruz NA, Vázquez E, Villaverde A. Bacterial inclusion bodies are industrially exploitable amyloids. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2019; 43:53-72. [PMID: 30357330 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuy038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the structure, functionalities and biology of functional amyloids is an issue of emerging interest. Inclusion bodies, namely protein clusters formed in recombinant bacteria during protein production processes, have emerged as unanticipated, highly tunable models for the scrutiny of the physiology and architecture of functional amyloids. Based on an amyloidal skeleton combined with varying amounts of native or native-like protein forms, bacterial inclusion bodies exhibit an unusual arrangement that confers mechanical stability, biological activity and conditional protein release, being thus exploitable as versatile biomaterials. The applicability of inclusion bodies in biotechnology as enriched sources of protein and reusable catalysts, and in biomedicine as biocompatible topographies, nanopills or mimetics of endocrine secretory granules has been largely validated. Beyond these uses, the dissection of how recombinant bacteria manage the aggregation of functional protein species into structures of highly variable complexity offers insights about unsuspected connections between protein quality (conformational status compatible with functionality) and cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ario de Marco
- Laboratory for Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska Cesta 13, 5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - Neus Ferrer-Miralles
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Carrer de la Vall Moronta s/n, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Carrer de la Vall Moronta s/n, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Carrer de la Vall Moronta s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Elena Garcia-Fruitós
- Department of Ruminant Production, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Torre Marimon, 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Mitraki
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.,Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), N. Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Ursula Rinas
- Leibniz University of Hannover, Technical Chemistry and Life Science, 30167 Hannover, Germany.,Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mauricio A Trujillo-Roldán
- Programa de Investigación de Producción de Biomoléculas, Unidad de Bioprocesos, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Ciudad de México, México
| | - Norma A Valdez-Cruz
- Programa de Investigación de Producción de Biomoléculas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Ciudad de México, México
| | - Esther Vázquez
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Carrer de la Vall Moronta s/n, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Carrer de la Vall Moronta s/n, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Carrer de la Vall Moronta s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Antonio Villaverde
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Carrer de la Vall Moronta s/n, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Carrer de la Vall Moronta s/n, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Carrer de la Vall Moronta s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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Study on Transglucosylation Properties of Amylosucrase from Xanthomonas campestris pv. Campestris and Its Application in the Production of α-Arbutin. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Arbutin (4-hydroquinone-α-D-glucopyranoside), an effective skin-lightening agent due to its considerable inhibitory effect on human tyrosinase activity, is widely used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Recently, α-arbutin was prepared through transglucosylation of hydroquinone using microbial glycosyltransferases as catalysts. However, the low yield and prolonged reaction time of the biotransformation process of α-arbutin production limited its industrial application. In this work, an amylosucrase (ASase) from Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris str. ATCC 33913 (XcAS) was expressed efficiently in Escherichia coli JM109. The catalytic property of the purified XcAS for the synthesis of α-arbutin was tested. The recombinant strain was applied for highly efficient synthesis of α-arbutin using sucrose and hydroquinone as glucosyl donor and acceptor, respectively. By optimizing the biotransformation conditions and applying a fed-batch strategy, the final production yield and conversion rate of α-arbutin reached 60.9 g/L and 95.5%, respectively, which is the highest reported yield by engineered strains. Compared to the highest reported value (<1.4 g/L/h), our productivity (7.6 g/L/h) was improved more than five-fold. This work represents an efficient and rapid method for α-arbutin production with potential industrial applications.
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Kumar N, Pandey R, Prabhu AA, Venkata Dasu V. Genetic and substrate-level modulation of Bacillus subtilis physiology for enhanced extracellular human interferon gamma production. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 48:391-401. [PMID: 29688129 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2018.1446157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Human interferon-gamma (hIFNG) production is limited by various gene-level bottlenecks including translation, protein folding, and secretion which depends upon the physiological state of the organism. In this study gene-level and substrate-level modulations have been used to control Bacillus subtilis physiology for >15 fold extracellular soluble hIFNG production. Two variants of the native human interferon-gamma gene (hifng) were designed and synthesized, namely, cohifnghis and cohifng having codon adaptation index 25.33 and 26.89% higher than the native gene, respectively. BScoIFNG and BScoIFNGhis with ΔG of -100.0 and -113.7 kcal mol-1 resulted in 30 and 6.5% higher hIFNG compared to the native gene in complex medium. BScoIFNG produced 1.53 fold higher hIFNG using glucose-based defined medium as compared to the complex medium by modulating the physiological parameter growth rate from 0.35 to 0.26 hr-1. Further modulatory effect of various phosphotransferase transport system (PTS) and no-PTS sugars, sugar alcohols, and organic acids was quantified on the physiology of B. subtilis WB800N for extracellular hIFNG production. Sorbitol and glycerol emerged as the best hIFNG producers with lowest growth and substrate consumption rates. BScoIFNG produced maximum 3.15 mg L-1 hIFNG at 50 g L-1 glycerol with highest hIFNG yield (Yp/x = 0.136) and lowest substrate uptake rate (qs = 0.26).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Kumar
- a Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati , Assam , India
| | - Rajat Pandey
- a Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati , Assam , India
| | - Ashish Anand Prabhu
- a Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati , Assam , India
| | - Veeranki Venkata Dasu
- a Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati , Assam , India
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Boshtam M, Khanahmad Shahreza H, Feizollahzadeh S, Rahimmanesh I, Asgary S. Expression and purification of biologically active recombinant rabbit monocyte chemoattractant protein1 in Escherichia coli. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2018; 365:4955552. [PMID: 29596634 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fny070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1) with recruiting monocytes is an important factor at the beginning of inflammatory disorders such as atherosclerosis which seems its blocking preclude this process and help improvement of related diseases. To perform clinical research in this field, MCP1 protein is required but firstly, animal studies should be done. As the rabbit is a suitable model for many inflammatory disorders, and Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) (BL21) cell is a high-efficiency host for protein expression, we decided to produce recombinant rabbit MCP1 (rRMCP1) in BL21/pET28a system. After codon usage, a construct containing RMCP1 sequence was synthesized, cloned into the pET28a plasmid, and overexpressed in BL21 cells. Followed that, with changing expression condition such as cell concentration before the induction, time period, temperature, shaking rate and inducer concentration (IPTG), rRMCP1 expression was optimized, and purified by Ni-NTA. The biological activity of the expressed protein was verified using monocyte migration assay. Using this expression system, nearly 28 mg/mL rRMCP1 was produced at 26°C/180 rpm for 24 h in LB broth medium with 1 mM IPTG. Therefore, we were succeeded to express the intermediate level of rRMCP1 with this method. This amount of protein is sufficient for biological researches in the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Boshtam
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174643446, Iran
| | - Hossein Khanahmad Shahreza
- Genetic and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174643446, Iran
| | - Sadegh Feizollahzadeh
- Faculty of Paramedical, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 5756115198, Iran
| | - Ilnaz Rahimmanesh
- Genetic and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174643446, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Asgary
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174643446, Iran
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Efficient osmolyte-based procedure to increase expression level and solubility of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) nucleoprotein in E. coli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:4087-4100. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8907-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Potential Applications of the Escherichia coli Heat Shock Response in Synthetic Biology. Trends Biotechnol 2018; 36:186-198. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Dong W, Liu K, Liu J, Shi Z, Xin F, Zhang W, Ma J, Wu H, Wang F, Jiang M. Expression and characterization of the key enzymes involved in 2-benzoxazolinone degradation by Pigmentiphaga sp. DL-8. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 248:153-159. [PMID: 28684178 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.06.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the key enzymes involved in 2-benzoxazolinone (BOA) degradation by Pigmentiphaga sp. DL-8 were further verified and characterized in Escherichia coli. By codon optimization and co-expression of molecular chaperones in a combined strategy, recombinant BOA amidohydrolase (rCbaA) and 2-aminophenol (2-AP) 1,2-dioxygenase (rCnbCαCβ) were expressed and purified with the highest activity of 1934.6U·mgprotein-1 and 32.80U·mgprotein-1, respectively. BOA could be hydrolyzed to 2AP by rCbaA, which was further transformed to picolinic acid by rCnbCαCβ based on identified catalytic product. The optimal pH and temperature for rCbaA are 9.0 and 55°C with excellent stability for catalytic environments, and the residual activity was >50% after incubation at temperatures <45°C or at pH between 6.0 and 10.0 for 24h. On the contrary, rCnbCαCβ composed of α-subunit (33kDa) and β-subunit (38kDa) showed poor stability against environmental factors, including temperature, pH, metal ions and chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiliang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China
| | - Kuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China
| | - Jiawei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China
| | - Zhoukun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China
| | - Fengxue Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China
| | - Wenming Zhang
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China
| | - Jiangfeng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China
| | - Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China
| | - Fei Wang
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Min Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China.
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Chen L, Sun P, Li Y, Yan M, Xu L, Chen K, Ouyang P. A fusion protein strategy for soluble expression of Stevia glycosyltransferase UGT76G1 in Escherichia coli. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:356. [PMID: 29038773 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0943-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The UDP-glucosyltransferase UGT76G1 from Stevia rebaudiana converts stevioside to rebaudioside A via a one-step glycosylation reaction, which increases the amount of sweet-tasting rebaudioside A and decreases the amount of stevioside that has a bitter aftertaste. This enzyme could, therefore, conceivably be used to improve the organoleptic properties of steviol glycosides and offer a cost-effective preparation of high-purity rebaudioside A. Producing soluble enzymes by overexpression is a prerequisite for large-scale biocatalysis. However, most of the UGT76G1 overexpressed in Escherichia coli is in inclusion bodies. In this study, three N-terminal fusion partners, 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphatase (CysQ), 2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate aldolase (EDA) and N-utilisation substance A (NusA), were tested to improve UGT76G1 expression and solubility in E. coli. Compared with the fusion-free protein, the solubility of UGT76G1 was increased 40% by fusion with CysQ, and the glucosyltransferase activity of the crude extract was increased 82%. This successful CysQ fusion strategy could be applied to enhance the expression and solubility of other plant-derived glucosyltransferases and presumably other unrelated proteins in the popular, convenient and cost-effective E. coli host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800 China
| | - Ping Sun
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800 China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800 China
- Yichang Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002 China
| | - Ming Yan
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800 China
| | - Lin Xu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800 China
| | - Kequan Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800 China
| | - Pingkai Ouyang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800 China
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Slyvka A, Mierzejewska K, Bochtler M. Nei-like 1 (NEIL1) excises 5-carboxylcytosine directly and stimulates TDG-mediated 5-formyl and 5-carboxylcytosine excision. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9001. [PMID: 28827588 PMCID: PMC5566547 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07458-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) and Nei-like 1 (NEIL1) have both been implicated in the base excision repair step of active DNA demethylation. The robust glycosylase activity of TDG on DNA substrates containing 5-formylcytosine (5fC) or 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC) is universally accepted, but the mode of action of NEIL1 is still debated. Based on genetic experiments, it has been suggested that NEIL1 acts redundantly with TDG and excises 5fC and 5caC directly. However, this result has been disputed, and it was suggested instead that NEIL1 is recruited by the monofunctional TDG for the 2′-deoxyribose excision step. Using purified human NEIL1 and its catalytically impaired P2T and E3Q variants as controls, we detect NEIL1 activity on 5caC, but not a 5fC containing dsDNA substrate. We confirm direct NEIL1 TDG binding and NEIL1 mediated 2′-deoxyribose excision downstream of TDG glycosylase activity. NEIL1 acts not only downstream of TDG, but also enhances TDG activity on 5fC or 5caC containing DNA. NEIL1 mediated enhancement of the TDG glycosylase activity is substrate specific and does not occur for dsDNA with a T/G mismatch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Slyvka
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Trojdena 4, 02-109, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Mierzejewska
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Trojdena 4, 02-109, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Matthias Bochtler
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Trojdena 4, 02-109, Warsaw, Poland. .,Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
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Nasiri M, Babaie J, Amiri S, Azimi E, Shamshiri S, Khalaj V, Golkar M, Fard-Esfahani P. SHuffle™ T7 strain is capable of producing high amount of recombinant human fibroblast growth factor-1 (rhFGF-1) with proper physicochemical and biological properties. J Biotechnol 2017; 259:30-38. [PMID: 28827102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human fibroblast growth factor-1 (FGF-1) has powerful mitogenic activities in a variety of cell types and plays significant roles in many physiological processes e.g. angiogenesis and wound healing. There is increasing demand for large scale production of recombinant human FGF-1 (rhFGF-1), in order to investigate the potential medical use. In the present study, we explored SHuffle™ T7 strain for production of rhFGF-1. METHODS A synthetic gene encoding Met-140 amino acid form of human FGF-1 was utilized for expression of the protein in three different E. coli hosts (BL21 (DE3), Rosetta-gami™ 2(DE3), SHuffle™ T7). Total expressions and soluble/insoluble expression ratios of rhFGF-1 in different hosts were analyzed and compared. Soluble rhFGF-1 produced in SHuffle™ T7 cells was purified using one-step heparin-Sepharose affinity chromatography and characterized by a variety of methods for physicochemical and biological properties. RESULTS The highest level of rhFGF-1 expression and maximum soluble/insoluble ratio were achieved in SHuffle™ T7 strain. Using a single-step heparin-Sepharose chromatography, about 1500mg of purified rhFGF-1 was obtained from one liter of the culture, representing purification yield of ∼70%. The purified protein was reactive toward anti-FGF-1 ployclonal antibody in immunoblotting. Mass spectrometry confirmed the protein had expected amino acid sequence and molecular weight. In reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), the protein displayed the same retention time with the human FGF-1 standard, and purity of 94%. Less than 0.3% of the purified protein was comprised of oligomers and/or aggregates as judged by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HP-SEC). Secondary and tertiary structures of the protein, investigated by circular dichroism and intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy methods, respectively, represented native folding of the protein. The purified rhFGF-1 was bioactive and stimulated proliferation of NIH 3T3 cells with EC50 of 0.84ng/mL. CONCLUSION Although SHuffle™ T7 has been introduced for production of disulfide-bonded proteins in cytoplasm, we herein successfully recruited it for high yield production of soluble and bioactive rhFGF-1, a protein with 3 free cysteine and no disulfide bond. To our knowledge, this is the highest-level of rhFGF-1 expression in E. coli reported so far. Extensive physicochemical and biological analysis showed the protein had similar characteristic to authentic FGF-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Nasiri
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Parasitology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Jalal Babaie
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Parasitology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Samira Amiri
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Parasitology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ebrahim Azimi
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Parasitology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shiva Shamshiri
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Parasitology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Vahid Khalaj
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Iran.
| | - Majid Golkar
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Parasitology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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Cai R, Chen C, Li Y, Sun K, Zhou F, Chen K, Jia H. Improved soluble bacterial expression and properties of the recombinant flavonoid glucosyltransferase UGT73G1 from Allium cepa. J Biotechnol 2017. [PMID: 28627388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation of quercetin using flavonol-specific glycosyltransferases offers an alternate method for isoquercitrin production. Obtaining sufficient quantities of bioactive enzymes is an important prerequisite for highly effective biocatalysis and biotransformation. In this study, a codon-optimized gene for the flavonoid glucosyltransferase UGT73G1 from Allium cepa was heterologously expressed in the preferred prokaryotic expression host Escherichia coli. By combining expression as a fusion protein with 6-histidine tags with coexpression with molecular chaperones, increased soluble expression of UGT73G1 was achieved in E. coli. Two-terminal 6-histidine tags contributed more to the expression than molecular chaperones, as demonstrated by comparison of specific activities in crude extracts obtained from the recombinant E. coli strains. Studies of the catalytic properties of purified UGT73G1 indicated that its activity was significantly promoted by Mn2+ and Mg2+, while it was strongly inhibited by Cu2+. These expression strategies enhanced the solubility and activity of the overexpressed protein and enabled characterization of this plant-derived glucosyltransferase expressed in a prokaryotic host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxin Cai
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Caihong Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; Yichang Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.
| | - Kaiyan Sun
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Kequan Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Honghua Jia
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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Heterologous production of a temperature and pH-stable laccase from Bacillus vallismortis fmb-103 in Escherichia coli and its application. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2017.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Eberhardt F, Aguirre A, Menzella HG, Peiru S. Strain engineering and process optimization for enhancing the production of a thermostable steryl glucosidase in Escherichia coli. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 44:141-147. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-016-1866-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Biodiesels produced from transesterification of vegetable oils have a major problem in quality due to the presence of precipitates, which are mostly composed of steryl glucosides (SGs). We have recently described an enzymatic method for the efficient removal of SGs from biodiesel, based on the activity of a thermostable β-glycosidase from Thermococcus litoralis. In the present work, we describe the development of an Escherichia coli-based expression system and a high cell density fermentation process. Strain and process engineering include the assessment of different promoters to drive the expression of a codon-optimized gene, the co-expression of molecular chaperones and the development of a high cell density fermentation process. A 200-fold increase in the production titers was achieved, which directly impacts on the costs of the industrial process for treating biodiesel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Eberhardt
- grid.10814.3c 0000000120973211 Genetic Engineering & Fermentation Technology, IPROByQ-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas Universidad Nacional de Rosario Suipacha 531 2000 Rosario Argentina
| | - Andres Aguirre
- grid.10814.3c 0000000120973211 Genetic Engineering & Fermentation Technology, IPROByQ-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas Universidad Nacional de Rosario Suipacha 531 2000 Rosario Argentina
- Keclon S.A. Tucuman 7180 2000 Rosario Argentina
| | - Hugo G Menzella
- grid.10814.3c 0000000120973211 Genetic Engineering & Fermentation Technology, IPROByQ-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas Universidad Nacional de Rosario Suipacha 531 2000 Rosario Argentina
- Keclon S.A. Tucuman 7180 2000 Rosario Argentina
| | - Salvador Peiru
- grid.10814.3c 0000000120973211 Genetic Engineering & Fermentation Technology, IPROByQ-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas Universidad Nacional de Rosario Suipacha 531 2000 Rosario Argentina
- Keclon S.A. Tucuman 7180 2000 Rosario Argentina
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