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Rivas S, Santos V, Parajó JC. Effects of Hydrothermal Processing on Miscanthus × giganteus Polysaccharides: A Kinetic Assessment. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:4732. [PMID: 36365725 PMCID: PMC9657454 DOI: 10.3390/polym14214732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Miscanthus × giganteus samples were characterized for composition and treated with hot compressed water (hydrothermal or autohydrolysis treatments) at temperatures in the range of 190-240 °C. The liquid phases from treatments were analyzed to assess the breakdown of susceptible polysaccharides into a scope of soluble intermediates and reaction products. The experimental concentration profiles determined for the target compounds (monosaccharides, higher saccharides, acetic acid and sugar-decomposition products) were interpreted using a pseudohomogeneous kinetic mechanism involving 27 reactions, which were governed by kinetic coefficients showing an Arrhenius-type temperature dependence. The corresponding activation energies were calculated and compared with data from the literature. The kinetic equations allowed a quantitative assessment of the experimental results, providing key information for process simulation and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Rivas
- Faculty of Science, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense), Polytechnical Building, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain
- CINBIO, University of Vigo (Campus Lagoas-Marcosende), 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Valentín Santos
- Faculty of Science, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense), Polytechnical Building, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain
- CINBIO, University of Vigo (Campus Lagoas-Marcosende), 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Parajó
- Faculty of Science, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense), Polytechnical Building, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain
- CINBIO, University of Vigo (Campus Lagoas-Marcosende), 36310 Vigo, Spain
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2
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Bergs M, Monakhova Y, Diehl BW, Konow C, Völkering G, Pude R, Schulze M. Lignins Isolated via Catalyst-Free Organosolv Pulping from Miscanthus x giganteus, M. sinensis, M. robustus and M. nagara: A Comparative Study. Molecules 2021; 26:842. [PMID: 33562747 PMCID: PMC7915034 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
As a low-input crop, Miscanthus offers numerous advantages that, in addition to agricultural applications, permits its exploitation for energy, fuel, and material production. Depending on the Miscanthus genotype, season, and harvest time as well as plant component (leaf versus stem), correlations between structure and properties of the corresponding isolated lignins differ. Here, a comparative study is presented between lignins isolated from M. x giganteus, M. sinensis, M. robustus and M. nagara using a catalyst-free organosolv pulping process. The lignins from different plant constituents are also compared regarding their similarities and differences regarding monolignol ratio and important linkages. Results showed that the plant genotype has the weakest influence on monolignol content and interunit linkages. In contrast, structural differences are more significant among lignins of different harvest time and/or season. Analyses were performed using fast and simple methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Data was assigned to four different linkages (A: β-O-4 linkage, B: phenylcoumaran, C: resinol, D: β-unsaturated ester). In conclusion, A content is particularly high in leaf-derived lignins at just under 70% and significantly lower in stem and mixture lignins at around 60% and almost 65%. The second most common linkage pattern is D in all isolated lignins, the proportion of which is also strongly dependent on the crop portion. Both stem and mixture lignins, have a relatively high share of approximately 20% or more (maximum is M. sinensis Sin2 with over 30%). In the leaf-derived lignins, the proportions are significantly lower on average. Stem samples should be chosen if the highest possible lignin content is desired, specifically from the M. x giganteus genotype, which revealed lignin contents up to 27%. Due to the better frost resistance and higher stem stability, M. nagara offers some advantages compared to M. x giganteus. Miscanthus crops are shown to be very attractive lignocellulose feedstock (LCF) for second generation biorefineries and lignin generation in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Bergs
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Strasse 20, D-53359 Rheinbach, Germany;
- Spectral Service AG, Emil-Hoffmann-Strasse 33, D-50996 Köln, Germany;
| | - Yulia Monakhova
- Institute of Chemistry, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Street 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia;
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Aachen, Chemistry and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Mußmann-Strasse 1, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Bernd W. Diehl
- Spectral Service AG, Emil-Hoffmann-Strasse 33, D-50996 Köln, Germany;
| | - Christopher Konow
- Department of Chemistry, MS 015, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA;
| | - Georg Völkering
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bonn, Klein-Altendorf 2, D-53359 Rheinbach, Germany; (G.V.); (R.P.)
| | - Ralf Pude
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bonn, Klein-Altendorf 2, D-53359 Rheinbach, Germany; (G.V.); (R.P.)
- Field Lab Campus Klein-Altendorf, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bonn, Campus Klein-Altendorf 1, D-53359 Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Margit Schulze
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Strasse 20, D-53359 Rheinbach, Germany;
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3
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Bergs M, Do XT, Rumpf J, Kusch P, Monakhova Y, Konow C, Völkering G, Pude R, Schulze M. Comparing chemical composition and lignin structure of Miscanthus x giganteus and Miscanthus nagara harvested in autumn and spring and separated into stems and leaves. RSC Adv 2020; 10:10740-10751. [PMID: 35492943 PMCID: PMC9050404 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10576j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Miscanthus crops possess very attractive properties such as high photosynthesis yield and carbon fixation rate. Because of these properties, it is currently considered for use in second-generation biorefineries. Here we analyze the differences in chemical composition between M. x giganteus, a commonly studied Miscanthus genotype, and M. nagara, which is relatively understudied but has useful properties such as increased frost resistance and higher stem stability. Samples of M. x giganteus (Gig35) and M. nagara (NagG10) have been separated by plant portion (leaves and stems) in order to isolate the corresponding lignins. The organosolv process was used for biomass pulping (80% ethanol solution, 170 °C, 15 bar). Biomass composition and lignin structure analysis were performed using composition analysis, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and pyrolysis gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) to determine the 3D structure of the isolated lignins, monolignol ratio and most abundant linkages depending on genotype and harvesting season. SEC data showed significant differences in the molecular weight and polydispersity indices for stem versus leaf-derived lignins. Py-GC/MS and hetero-nuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) NMR revealed different monolignol compositions for the two genotypes (Gig35, NagG10). The monolignol ratio is slightly influenced by the time of harvest: stem-derived lignins of M. nagara showed increasing H and decreasing G unit content over the studied harvesting period (December–April). Miscanthus crops possess attractive properties such as high photosynthesis yield and carbon fixation rate. Moreover, M. nagara, shows good frost tolerance. Monolignol ratio and most abundant linkages of the isolated lignins have been identified.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Bergs
- Department of Natural Sciences
- Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences
- D-53359 Rheinbach
- Germany
- Spectral Service AG
| | - Xuan Tung Do
- Department of Natural Sciences
- Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences
- D-53359 Rheinbach
- Germany
| | - Jessica Rumpf
- Department of Natural Sciences
- Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences
- D-53359 Rheinbach
- Germany
| | - Peter Kusch
- Department of Natural Sciences
- Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences
- D-53359 Rheinbach
- Germany
| | - Yulia Monakhova
- Spectral Service AG
- Germany
- Institute of Chemistry
- Saratov State University
- 410012 Saratov
| | | | - Georg Völkering
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation
- Faculty of Agriculture
- University of Bonn
- D-53359 Rheinbach
- Germany
| | - Ralf Pude
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation
- Faculty of Agriculture
- University of Bonn
- D-53359 Rheinbach
- Germany
| | - Margit Schulze
- Department of Natural Sciences
- Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences
- D-53359 Rheinbach
- Germany
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Zhang Y, Liang J, Zhou W, Xiao N. Comparison of Fenton and bismuth ferrite Fenton-like pretreatments of sugarcane bagasse to enhance enzymatic saccharification. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 285:121343. [PMID: 31004952 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study compared enzymatic saccharification of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) after application of two different pretreatment methods, Fenton pretreatment (FP) and BiFeO3 Fenton-like pretreatment (BFP). The composition, morphology and structural properties of SCB with different pretreatments were analyzed. Results showed that, after BFP, the yield of reducing sugar of SCB under enzymatic saccharification for 72 h was 25.8%, and the sugar conversion rate was 36.6%, which were 2.2 and 2.4-fold those of the FP, respectively. Moreover, the removal of hemicellulose and delignification in the BFP was more severe than that in the FP. The determination of hydroxyl radical (OH) in the two different Fenton processes revealed that the OH generated in the BiFeO3 Fenton-like system was higher in concentration and longer in action time than that in the Fenton system, which was likely key to the stronger effect of BFP than FP on the enzymatic saccharification of SCB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Zhang
- Laboratory of Ecological and Environmental Engineering, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ju Liang
- Laboratory of Ecological and Environmental Engineering, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenbing Zhou
- Laboratory of Ecological and Environmental Engineering, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Naidong Xiao
- Laboratory of Ecological and Environmental Engineering, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Hubei Province, China
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Low-Input Crops as Lignocellulosic Feedstock for Second-Generation Biorefineries and the Potential of Chemometrics in Biomass Quality Control. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9112252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lignocellulose feedstock (LCF) provides a sustainable source of components to produce bioenergy, biofuel, and novel biomaterials. Besides hard and soft wood, so-called low-input plants such as Miscanthus are interesting crops to be investigated as potential feedstock for the second generation biorefinery. The status quo regarding the availability and composition of different plants, including grasses and fast-growing trees (i.e., Miscanthus, Paulownia), is reviewed here. The second focus of this review is the potential of multivariate data processing to be used for biomass analysis and quality control. Experimental data obtained by spectroscopic methods, such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), can be processed using computational techniques to characterize the 3D structure and energetic properties of the feedstock building blocks, including complex linkages. Here, we provide a brief summary of recently reported experimental data for structural analysis of LCF biomasses, and give our perspectives on the role of chemometrics in understanding and elucidating on LCF composition and lignin 3D structure.
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Bergs M, Völkering G, Kraska T, Pude R, Do XT, Kusch P, Monakhova Y, Konow C, Schulze M. Miscanthus x giganteus Stem Versus Leaf-Derived Lignins Differing in Monolignol Ratio and Linkage. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1200. [PMID: 30857288 PMCID: PMC6429407 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As a renewable, Miscanthus offers numerous advantages such as high photosynthesis activity (as a C₄ plant) and an exceptional CO₂ fixation rate. These properties make Miscanthus very attractive for industrial exploitation, such as lignin generation. In this paper, we present a systematic study analyzing the correlation of the lignin structure with the Miscanthus genotype and plant portion (stem versus leaf). Specifically, the ratio of the three monolignols and corresponding building blocks as well as the linkages formed between the units have been studied. The lignin amount has been determined for M. x giganteus (Gig17, Gig34, Gig35), M. nagara (NagG10), M. sinensis (Sin2), and M. robustus (Rob4) harvested at different time points (September, December, and April). The influence of the Miscanthus genotype and plant component (leaf vs. stem) has been studied to develop corresponding structure-property relationships (i.e., correlations in molecular weight, polydispersity, and decomposition temperature). Lignin isolation was performed using non-catalyzed organosolv pulping and the structure analysis includes compositional analysis, Fourier transform infradred (FTIR), ultraviolet/visible (UV-Vis), hetero-nuclear single quantum correlation nuclear magnetic resonsnce (HSQC-NMR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and pyrolysis gaschromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Structural differences were found for stem and leaf-derived lignins. Compared to beech wood lignins, Miscanthus lignins possess lower molecular weight and narrow polydispersities (<1.5 Miscanthus vs. >2.5 beech) corresponding to improved homogeneity. In addition to conventional univariate analysis of FTIR spectra, multivariate chemometrics revealed distinct differences for aromatic in-plane deformations of stem versus leaf-derived lignins. These results emphasize the potential of Miscanthus as a low-input resource and a Miscanthus-derived lignin as promising agricultural feedstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Bergs
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Strasse 20, D-53359 Rheinbach, Germany.
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bonn, Klein-Altendorf 2, D-53359 Rheinbach, Germany.
| | - Georg Völkering
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bonn, Klein-Altendorf 2, D-53359 Rheinbach, Germany.
| | - Thorsten Kraska
- Field Lab Campus Klein-Altendorf, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bonn, Campus Klein-Altendorf 1, D-53359 Rheinbach, Germany.
| | - Ralf Pude
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bonn, Klein-Altendorf 2, D-53359 Rheinbach, Germany.
- Field Lab Campus Klein-Altendorf, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bonn, Campus Klein-Altendorf 1, D-53359 Rheinbach, Germany.
| | - Xuan Tung Do
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Strasse 20, D-53359 Rheinbach, Germany.
| | - Peter Kusch
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Strasse 20, D-53359 Rheinbach, Germany.
| | - Yulia Monakhova
- Spectral Service AG, Emil-Hoffmann-Strasse 33, D-50996 Köln, Germany.
- Institute of Chemistry, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Street 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia.
| | - Christopher Konow
- Department of Chemistry, MS 015, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA.
| | - Margit Schulze
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Strasse 20, D-53359 Rheinbach, Germany.
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7
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Schroyen M, Van Hulle SWH, Holemans S, Vervaeren H, Raes K. Laccase enzyme detoxifies hydrolysates and improves biogas production from hemp straw and miscanthus. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 244:597-604. [PMID: 28803111 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.07.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The impact of various phenolic compounds, vanillic acid, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid on anaerobic digestion of lignocellulosic biomass (hemp straw and miscanthus) was studied. Such phenolic compounds have been known to inhibit biogas production during anaerobic digestion. The different phenolic compounds were added in various concentrations: 0, 100, 500, 1000 and 2000mg/L. A difference in inhibition of biomethane production between the phenolic compounds was noted. Hydrolysis rate, during anaerobic digestion of miscanthus was inhibited up to 50% by vanillic acid, while vanillic acid had no influence on the initial rate of biogas production during the anaerobic digestion of hemp straw. Miscanthus has a higher lignin concentration (12-30g/100gDM) making it less accessible for degradation, and in combination with phenolic compounds released after harsh pretreatments, it can cause severe inhibition levels during the anaerobic digestion, lowering biogas production. To counter the inhibition, lignin degrading enzymes can be used to remove or degrade the inhibitory phenolic compounds. The interaction of laccase and versatile peroxidase individually with the different phenolic compounds was studied to have insight in the polymerization of inhibitory compounds or breakdown of lignocellulose. Hemp straw and miscanthus were incubated with 0, 100 and 500mg/L of the different phenolic compounds for 0, 6 and 24h and pretreated with the lignin degrading enzymes. A laccase pretreatment successfully detoxified the substrate, while versatile peroxidase however was inhibited by 100mg/L of each of the individual phenolic compounds. Finally a combination of enzymatic detoxification and subsequent biogas production showed that a decrease in phenolic compounds by laccase treatment can considerably lower the inhibition levels of the biogas production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Schroyen
- Department of Industrial Biological Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Campus Kortrijk, Graaf Karel de Goedelaan 5, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Stijn W H Van Hulle
- Department of Industrial Biological Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Campus Kortrijk, Graaf Karel de Goedelaan 5, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Sander Holemans
- Department of Industrial Biological Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Campus Kortrijk, Graaf Karel de Goedelaan 5, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Han Vervaeren
- Department of Applied Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Katleen Raes
- Department of Industrial Biological Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Campus Kortrijk, Graaf Karel de Goedelaan 5, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium.
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8
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Organosolv Processes. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 166:153-176. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2016_61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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9
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Physicochemical of microcrystalline cellulose from oil palm fronds as potential methylene blue adsorbents. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 92:11-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.06.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Wang Y, Fan C, Hu H, Li Y, Sun D, Wang Y, Peng L. Genetic modification of plant cell walls to enhance biomass yield and biofuel production in bioenergy crops. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:997-1017. [PMID: 27269671 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant cell walls represent an enormous biomass resource for the generation of biofuels and chemicals. As lignocellulose property principally determines biomass recalcitrance, the genetic modification of plant cell walls has been posed as a powerful solution. Here, we review recent progress in understanding the effects of distinct cell wall polymers (cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin, pectin, wall proteins) on the enzymatic digestibility of biomass under various physical and chemical pretreatments in herbaceous grasses, major agronomic crops and fast-growing trees. We also compare the main factors of wall polymer features, including cellulose crystallinity (CrI), hemicellulosic Xyl/Ara ratio, monolignol proportion and uronic acid level. Furthermore, the review presents the main gene candidates, such as CesA, GH9, GH10, GT61, GT43 etc., for potential genetic cell wall modification towards enhancing both biomass yield and enzymatic saccharification in genetic mutants and transgenic plants. Regarding cell wall modification, it proposes a novel groove-like cell wall model that highlights to increase amorphous regions (density and depth) of the native cellulose microfibrils, providing a general strategy for bioenergy crop breeding and biofuel processing technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Wang
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chunfen Fan
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huizhen Hu
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ying Li
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dan Sun
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China
| | - Youmei Wang
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liangcai Peng
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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11
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Putro JN, Soetaredjo FE, Lin SY, Ju YH, Ismadji S. Pretreatment and conversion of lignocellulose biomass into valuable chemicals. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra09851g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulose biomass can be utilized in many sectors of industry such as energy, chemical, and transportation. However, pretreatment is needed to break down the intricate bonding before converting it into wanted product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jindrayani Nyoo Putro
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- Taipei 10607
- Taiwan
| | - Felycia Edi Soetaredjo
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University
- Surabaya 60114
- Indonesia
| | - Shi-Yow Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- Taipei 10607
- Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsu Ju
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- Taipei 10607
- Taiwan
| | - Suryadi Ismadji
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University
- Surabaya 60114
- Indonesia
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12
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Pappas IA, Koukoura Z, Tananaki C, Goulas C. Effect of dilute acid pretreatment severity on the bioconversion efficiency of Phalaris aquatica L. lignocellulosic biomass into fermentable sugars. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 166:395-402. [PMID: 24929811 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.05.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 05/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The effect of dilute acid pretreatment severity on the bioconversion efficiency of Phalaris aquatica lignocellulosic biomass into fermentable sugar monomers was studied. The pretreatment conditions were expressed in a combined severity factor (CSF), ranged from 0.13 to 1.16. The concentration of xylose and total monomeric sugars released from hemicellulose increased with pretreatment as the CSF increased. Dilute acid pretreatment resulted in about 1.7-fold increase in glucose release relative to the untreated biomass, while CSF was positively correlated with glucose recovery. A maximum glucose yield of 85.05% was observed at high severity values (i.e. CSF 1.16) after 72 h. The total amount of sugars released (i.e. xylose and glucose) was increased with pretreatment severity and a maximum conversion efficiency of 76.1% of structural carbohydrates was obtained at a CSF=1. Our data indicated that Phalaris aquatica L. is an alternative bioethanol feedstock and that hemicellulose removal promotes glucose yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis A Pappas
- Chemical Process Engineering Research Institute, LPRE, 6th km Harilaou Thermi Road, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; Aristotle University, Department of Forestry and Natural Environment, Range Ecology Laboratory, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Zoi Koukoura
- Aristotle University, Department of Forestry and Natural Environment, Range Ecology Laboratory, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Chrisoula Tananaki
- Aristotle University, School of Agriculture, Apiculture-Sericulture Laboratory, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Chen MH, Bowman MJ, Dien BS, Rausch KD, Tumbleson ME, Singh V. Autohydrolysis of Miscanthus x giganteus for the production of xylooligosaccharides (XOS): kinetics, characterization and recovery. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 155:359-365. [PMID: 24463409 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The optima conditions of production and purification of xylooligosaccharides (XOS) from Miscanthus x giganteus (MxG) were investigated. Using autohydrolysis, XOS were produced at 160, 180 and 200°C at 60, 20 and 5min, respectively. XOS yield up to 13.5% (w/w) of initial biomass and 69.2% (w/w) of xylan were achieved. Results from HPAEC-PAD analysis revealed that X1-X9 sugar oligomers were produced. Higher temperature and longer reaction time resulted in lower product molecular weight. The three optimum conditions had similar degrees of polymerization XOS. Using 10% activated carbon (w/v) with ethanol/water elution recovered 47.9% (w/w) of XOS from pretreated liquid phase. The XOS could be fractionated by degree of polymerization according to ethanol concentration in the ethanol/water elution. Most of the XOS were washed out in 30% and 50% ethanol/water (v/v) fractions. Recoveries of 91.8% xylobiose, 86.9% xylotriose, 66.3% xylotetrose, 56.2% xylopentose and 48.9% xylohexaose were observed in XOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hsu Chen
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Pennsylvania Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Michael J Bowman
- Bioenergy Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - Bruce S Dien
- Bioenergy Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - Kent D Rausch
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Pennsylvania Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - M E Tumbleson
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Pennsylvania Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Vijay Singh
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Pennsylvania Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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Ho AL, Carvalheiro F, Duarte LC, Roseiro LB, Charalampopoulos D, Rastall RA. Production and purification of xylooligosaccharides from oil palm empty fruit bunch fibre by a non-isothermal process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 152:526-9. [PMID: 24275261 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.10.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) fibre, a by-product generated from non-woody, tropical perennial oil palm crop was evaluated for xylooligosaccharides (XOS) production. Samples of OPEFB fibre were subjected to non-isothermal autohydrolysis treatment using a temperature range from 150 to 220 °C. The highest XOS concentration, 17.6g/L which relayed from solubilisation of 63 g/100 g xylan was achieved at 210 °C and there was a minimum amount of xylose and furfural being produced. The chromatographic purification which was undertaken to purify the oligosaccharide-rich liquor resulted in a product with 74-78% purity, of which 83-85% was XOS with degree of polymerisation (DP) between 5 and 40.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Ling Ho
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, P.O. Box 226, Reading RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
| | - Florbela Carvalheiro
- LNEG, Unidade de Bioenergia, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar 22, 1649-038 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luís C Duarte
- LNEG, Unidade de Bioenergia, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar 22, 1649-038 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luísa B Roseiro
- LNEG, Unidade de Bioenergia, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar 22, 1649-038 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Dimitris Charalampopoulos
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, P.O. Box 226, Reading RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
| | - Robert A Rastall
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, P.O. Box 226, Reading RG6 6AP, United Kingdom.
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Choi WI, Park JY, Lee JP, Oh YK, Park YC, Kim JS, Park JM, Kim CH, Lee JS. Optimization of NaOH-catalyzed steam pretreatment of empty fruit bunch. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2013; 6:170. [PMID: 24286374 PMCID: PMC4176979 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-6-170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Empty fruit bunch (EFB) has many advantages, including its abundance, the fact that it does not require collection, and its year-round availability as a feedstock for bioethanol production. But before the significant costs incurred in ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass can be reduced, an efficient sugar fractionation technology has to be developed. To that end, in the present study, an NaOH-catalyzed steam pretreatment process was applied in order to produce ethanol from EFB more efficiently. RESULTS The EFB pretreatment conditions were optimized by application of certain pretreatment variables such as, the NaOH concentrations in the soaking step and, in the steam step, the temperature and time. The optimal conditions were determined by response surface methodology (RSM) to be 3% NaOH for soaking and 160°C, 11 min 20 sec for steam pretreatment. Under these conditions, the overall glucan recovery and enzymatic digestibility were both high: the glucan and xylan yields were 93% and 78%, respectively, and the enzymatic digestibility was 88.8% for 72 h using 40 FPU/g glucan. After simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF), the maximum ethanol yield and concentration were 0.88 and 29.4 g/l respectively. CONCLUSIONS Delignification (>85%) of EFB was an important factor in enzymatic hydrolysis using CTec2. NaOH-catalyzed steam pretreatment, which can remove lignin efficiently and requires only a short reaction time, was proven to be an effective pretreatment technology for EFB. The ethanol yield obtained by SSF, the key parameter determining the economics of ethanol, was 18% (w/w), equivalent to 88% of the theoretical maximum yield, which is a better result than have been reported in the relevant previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Il Choi
- Clean Fuel Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk 580-185, South Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Park
- Clean Fuel Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk 580-185, South Korea
| | - Joon-Pyo Lee
- Clean Fuel Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk 580-185, South Korea
| | - You-Kwan Oh
- Clean Fuel Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk 580-185, South Korea
| | - Yong Chul Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyonggi University, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk 580-185, South Korea
| | - Jun Seok Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyonggi University, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk 580-185, South Korea
| | - Jang Min Park
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Jeonbuk 580-185, South Korea
| | - Chul Ho Kim
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Jeonbuk 580-185, South Korea
| | - Jin-Suk Lee
- Clean Fuel Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk 580-185, South Korea
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Yang M, Kuittinen S, Zhang J, Keinänen M, Pappinen A. Effect of dilute acid pretreatment on the conversion of barley straw with grains to fermentable sugars. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 146:444-450. [PMID: 23955092 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.07.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of pretreatment conditions, dilute sulfuric acid concentration and treatment time, on the carbohydrate solubility of a mixture of barley straw and grain. The conditions were expressed as combined severity (CS) to evaluate sugar recovery from pretreated samples. Enzymatic hydrolysates from the lignocellulose pretreatment residues were also included to the results. CS was positively correlating with glucose recovery in all conditions, but in higher acid concentrations CS did not predict xylose recovery. It appeared that the residual xylan better indicate the xylose release. An optimal fermentable sugar yield from the mixture of barley straw and grain was obtained by maintaining the CS at around 1.38, corresponding to an overall glucose yield of 96% and a xylose yield of 57%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI80101 Joensuu, Finland.
| | - Suvi Kuittinen
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Junhua Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Markku Keinänen
- Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Ari Pappinen
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI80101 Joensuu, Finland
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Hong JY, Kim YS, Oh KK. Fractionation and delignification of empty fruit bunches with low reaction severity for high sugar recovery. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 146:176-183. [PMID: 23933025 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Fractionation and delignification of empty fruit bunches (EFB) was conducted in a series of two steps under low reaction severity with the aim of minimizing the neutralization of hydrolyzates. In EFB underwent acid fractionation, the glucan content was increased to 62.4%, at which point 86.9% of the hemicellulosic sugar and 20.5% of the lignin were extracted from the raw EFB. Xylose-rich hydrolyzate, indicating a high selectivity of 17.7 could be separated. Through the consecutive delignification of acid-fractionated EFB using sodium hydroxide, solid residue with a high glucan content (70.4%) and low hemicellulosic sugar content (3.7%) could be obtained, which indicated that 95.9% of the hemicellulosic sugar and 67.5% of the lignin were extracted based on raw EFB. The final pretreated solid residue was converted to glucose through enzyme hydrolysis, which resulted in an enzymatic digestibility of 76.9% was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Young Hong
- Department of Applied Chemical Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Soo Kim
- Department of Applied Chemical Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Keun Oh
- Department of Applied Chemical Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea.
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Abeywickrama CJ, Timilsena YP, Rakshit SK, Chrusciel L, Brosse N. Rapid Optimization of Typha Grass Organosolv Pretreatments Using Parallel Microwave Reactors for Ethanol Production. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie3019802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yakindra Prasad Timilsena
- Asian Institute of Technology, 58 Moo 9, Km. 42, Paholyothin
Highway, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | | | - Laurent Chrusciel
- Laboratoire d’Etude et de Recherche sur le MAteriau
Bois, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de Lorraine, Bld des Aiguillettes, BP 70236, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy
cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Brosse
- Laboratoire d’Etude et de Recherche sur le MAteriau
Bois, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de Lorraine, Bld des Aiguillettes, BP 70236, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy
cedex, France
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