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Wang X, Kong X, Liu Q, Li K, Jiang Z, Gai H, Xiao M. Effect of Clay Minerals on Carbonate Precipitation Induced by Cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0036323. [PMID: 37039655 PMCID: PMC10269649 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00363-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbonate precipitation induced by cyanobacteria is an important factor in lacustrine fine-grained carbonate rock genesis. As key components of these rocks, clay minerals play an important role in aggregating cyanobacteria. However, the formation mechanism of fine-grained carbonate under the effect of clay minerals is unclear. In this study, we investigated carbonate precipitation by Synechococcus cells under the influence of clay minerals. The results showed that clay minerals can accelerate Synechococcus aggregation, and the aggregation rate of the kaolinite group was significantly higher than that of montmorillonite. The aggregate size and Synechococcus cell content increased with an increase in clay minerals, resulting in increasing organic matter and carboxyl content in the aggregates. Due to the high affinity between carboxyl and Ca2+, the presence of Synechococcus sp. could improve the Mg/Ca molar ratio in the microenvironment of aggregates, which is conducive to aragonite precipitation. Thus, aragonite 5 to 10 μm in size precipitated when Synechococcus and clay minerals coexisted, whereas low-magnesium calcite (15 to 60 μm) was the main carbonate only in the presence of Synechococcus. This study provides important insights into the mechanisms of microbial-induced carbonate precipitation under the effect of clay minerals, which might offer theoretical support for the genesis of fine-grained lacustrine carbonate. IMPORTANCE The biogenesis of lacustrine fine-grained carbonates is of great significance to the exploitation of shale oil. Clay minerals are an important component of lacustrine fine-grained sedimentary rocks, which is conductive to the aggregation and settlement of cyanobacteria. We investigated the precipitation of carbonate induced by Synechococcus sp. with the addition of kaolinite and montmorillonite. The pH and calcium carbonate saturation of the environment increased under the effect of cyanobacteria photosynthesis. The aggregation of cyanobacteria cells increased the Mg/Ca molar ratio of the microenvironment, creating a favorable condition for the precipitation of aragonite, which was similar in size to the micritic calcite of fine-grained sedimentary rocks. This study provides theoretical support for the genesis of fine-grained carbonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering in College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiangxin Kong
- School of Energy Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering in College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Kun Li
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering in College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Zaixing Jiang
- School of Energy Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, China
| | - Hengjun Gai
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering in College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Meng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering in College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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Effects of Different pH Control Strategies on Microalgae Cultivation and Nutrient Removal from Anaerobic Digestion Effluent. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020357. [PMID: 35208811 PMCID: PMC8879683 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated nutrient removal from anaerobic digestion effluent by cultivating mixed-culture microalgae enriched from anaerobic sludge under different pH conditions: RUC (uncontrolled), R7–8 (maintained at 7–8), and R<8 (maintained below 8). Significant amounts of NH4+-N were lost by volatilization in RUC cultures due to increased pH values (≤8.6) during the early period of cultivation. The pH control strategies significantly affected the biological NH4+-N removal (highest in R7–8), microalgal growth (highest in R7–8), biomass settleability (highest in R<8), and microalgal growth relative to bacteria (highest in R<8) in the cultures. Parachlorella completely dominated the microalgal communities in the inoculum and all of the cultures, and grew well at highly acidic pH (<3) induced by culture acidification with microalgal growth. Microalgae-associated bacterial community structure developed very differently among the cultures. The findings call for more attention to the influence and control of pH changes during cultivation in microalgal treatment of anaerobic digestion effluent.
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Lee H, Shin WS, Kim YU, Jeon S, Kim M, Kang NK, Chang YK. Enhancement of Lipid Production under Heterotrophic Conditions by Overexpression of an Endogenous bZIP Transcription Factor in Chlorella sp. HS2. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 30:1597-1606. [PMID: 32807753 PMCID: PMC9728203 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2005.05048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factor engineering to regulate multiple genes has shown promise in the field of microalgae genetic engineering. Here, we report the first use of transcription factor engineering in Chlorella sp. HS2, thought to have potential for producing biofuels and bioproducts. We identified seven endogenous bZIP transcription factors in Chlorella sp. HS2 and named them HSbZIP1 through HSbZIP7. We overexpressed HSbZIP1, a C-type bZIP transcription factor, in Chlorella sp. HS2 with the goal of enhancing lipid production. Phenotype screening under heterotrophic conditions showed that all transformants exhibited increased fatty acid production. In particular, HSbZIP1 37 and 58 showed fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yields of 859 and 1,052 mg/l, respectively, at day 10 of growth under heterotrophic conditions, and these yields were 74% and 113% higher, respectively, than that of WT. To elucidate the mechanism underlying the improved phenotypes, we identified candidate HSbZIP1-regulated genes via transcription factor binding site analysis. We then selected three genes involved in fatty acid synthesis and investigated mRNA expression levels of the genes by qRTPCR. The result revealed that the possible HSbZIP1-regulated genes involved in fatty acid synthesis were upregulated in the HSbZIP1 transformants. Taken together, our results demonstrate that HSbZIP1 can be utilized to improve lipid production in Chlorella sp. HS2 under heterotrophic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansol Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 344, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Sub Shin
- Advanced Biomass R&D Center, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Uk Kim
- Advanced Biomass R&D Center, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjib Jeon
- Advanced Biomass R&D Center, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea,Human Convergence Technology Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Ansan 15629, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsik Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 344, Republic of Korea,Advanced Biomass R&D Center, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Kyu Kang
- Advanced Biomass R&D Center, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA,Corresponding authors N.K.Kang Phone: +1-217-607-3151 E-mail:
| | - Yong Keun Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 344, Republic of Korea,Advanced Biomass R&D Center, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea,Y.K.Chang Phone: +82-42-350-3927 Fax: +82-42-350-3910 E-mail:
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4
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Batoeva AA, Sizykh MR, Munkoeva VA. Photocatalytic Oxidation of Thiocianates in Aqueous Solutions. RUSS J APPL CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070427220020184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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5
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Yu H, Kim J, Lee C. Potential of mixed-culture microalgae enriched from aerobic and anaerobic sludges for nutrient removal and biomass production from anaerobic effluents. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 280:325-336. [PMID: 30780092 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the potential of the mixed-culture microalgal consortia enriched from aerobic sludge (AeS) and anaerobic sludge (AnS) with regard to nutrient removal and biomass production from four different anaerobic digestion (AD) effluents. Both the inocula achieved the complete removal of the NH4+-N (initial concentration of 40 mg/L) within 14 days from all the effluents. The AeS cultures showed faster and greater microalgal growth, although the NH4+-N removal rate was comparable or higher in the case of the AnS cultures. Further, the AeS and AnS cultures showed significantly different lipid production characteristics in terms of the fatty acid composition and the response to nitrogen deficiency. Nitrogen starvation caused changes in the microbial community structures in all the experimental cultures, which may have influenced the lipid metabolism and the microalgal growth. The overall results suggest that both the inocula exhibit good potential with regard to the treatment of AD effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonjung Yu
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaai Kim
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsoo Lee
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Nutrient removal and microalgal biomass production from different anaerobic digestion effluents with Chlorella species. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6123. [PMID: 30992470 PMCID: PMC6467878 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42521-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Potential of microalgal cultivation as an alternative approach to the treatment of anaerobic digestion (AD) effluents was examined using two representative Chlorella species, Chlorella vulgaris (CV) and Chlorella protothecoides (CP). Both species effectively removed NH4+-N from the AD effluents from four digesters treating different wastes under different operating conditions. In all experimental cultures on the AD effluents, NH4+-N (initial concentration, 40 mg/L) was completely removed within 10 days without residual NO3--N or NO2--N in batch mode. Compared to CP, CV showed greater biomass and lipid yields (advantageous for biodiesel production), regardless of the media used. Prolonged nitrogen starvation significantly increased the lipid accumulation in all cultures on the AD effluents, and the effect was more pronounced in the CV than in the CP cultures. On the other hand, compared to CV, CP showed significantly faster settling (advantageous for biomass harvesting) in all media. Our results suggest that the Chlorella cultivation on AD effluents under non-sterile, mixed-culture conditions may provide a viable way to manage and valorize the problematic effluents. Diverse bacteria derived from the AD effluents co-existed and presumably interacted with the Chlorella species in the cultures.
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7
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Spurr LP, Watts MP, Gan HM, Moreau JW. Biodegradation of thiocyanate by a native groundwater microbial consortium. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6498. [PMID: 30941266 PMCID: PMC6440457 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gold ore processing typically generates large amounts of thiocyanate (SCN−)-contaminated effluent. When this effluent is stored in unlined tailings dams, contamination of the underlying aquifer can occur. The potential for bioremediation of SCN−-contaminated groundwater, either in situ or ex situ, remains largely unexplored. This study aimed to enrich and characterise SCN−-degrading microorganisms from mining-contaminated groundwater under a range of culturing conditions. Mildly acidic and suboxic groundwater, containing ∼135 mg L−1 SCN−, was collected from an aquifer below an unlined tailings dam. An SCN−-degrading consortium was enriched from contaminated groundwater using combinatory amendments of air, glucose and phosphate. Biodegradation occurred in all oxic cultures, except with the sole addition of glucose, but was inhibited by NH4+ and did not occur under anoxic conditions. The SCN−-degrading consortium was characterised using 16S and 18S rRNA gene sequencing, identifying a variety of heterotrophic taxa in addition to sulphur-oxidising bacteria. Interestingly, few recognised SCN−-degrading taxa were identified in significant abundance. These results provide both proof-of-concept and the required conditions for biostimulation of SCN− degradation in groundwater by native aquifer microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam P Spurr
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Mathew P Watts
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Han M Gan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Australia
| | - John W Moreau
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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8
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Evaluation of an electro-flotation-oxidation process for harvesting bio-flocculated algal biomass and simultaneous treatment of residual pollutants in coke wastewater following an algal-bacterial process. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Kim D, Kim EK, Koh HG, Kim K, Han JI, Chang YK. Selective removal of rotifers in microalgae cultivation using hydrodynamic cavitation. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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10
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Potivichayanon S, Supromin N, Toensakes R. Development of a mixed microbial culture for thiocyanate and metal cyanide degradation. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:191. [PMID: 28664381 PMCID: PMC5491436 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0814-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The degradation capacity of a mixed culture of Agrobacterium tumefaciens SUTS 1 and Pseudomonas monteilii SUTS 2 for thiocyanate and metal cyanide, in the form of zinc and cadmium, has been determined. The growth of a mixed culture of SUTS 1 and SUTS 2 in cyanide complexes and the cyanide removal efficiency of a fixed-film bio-column system were studied. The results showed that the mixed culture of bacteria can survive and grow in broth media containing thiocyanate and metal cyanide complexes with a maximum cell of 1.03 × 108 CFU/mL on day 3. In addition, the optimal conditions of the fixed-film bio-column system were continuously tested for 24 h, and it was found that this system had the highest removal efficiency at a flow rate of 10 mL/min and 21 min of empty bed retention time, with decreasing thiocyanate, zinc, and cadmium from 85, 0.44, and 0.044 to 65, 0.21, and 0.038 mg/L, respectively; this is in contrast to cyanide, which was not found within 12 h. Next, the conditions were maintained for 30 days, and it was found that the system had removed more than 50% of cyanide complexes, except cadmium. The complex residues were 29.96, 0.16, 0.204, and 0.085 mg/L of thiocyanate, cyanide, zinc, and cadmium, respectively. In addition, the growth of the SUTS 1 and SUTS 2 mixed culture increased. The by-product compounds sulfate and nitrate were found throughout the experiment, whereas bicarbonate and ammonia were found only on certain days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siraporn Potivichayanon
- School of Environmental Health, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Sub District Suranaree, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand.
| | - Nootjalee Supromin
- School of Environmental Health, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Sub District Suranaree, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Rattana Toensakes
- School of Environmental Health, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Sub District Suranaree, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
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11
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Ryu BG, Kim J, Han JI, Yang JW. Feasibility of using a microalgal-bacterial consortium for treatment of toxic coke wastewater with concomitant production of microbial lipids. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 225:58-66. [PMID: 27883954 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the feasibility of using an algal-bacterial process for removal of phenol and NH4+-N from differently diluted coke wastewater with simultaneous production of biomass. Under illumination, microalgal-bacterial (MSB) cultures performed complete phenol degradation at all dilutions of coke wastewater while sole microalgal culture (MSA) degraded a maximum of 27.3% of phenol (initial concentration: 24.0mgL-1) from 5-fold diluted wastewater. Furthermore, the MSB culture had the highest rate of NH4+-N removal (8.3mgL-1d-1) and fatty acid production (20mgL-1d-1) which were 2.3- and 1.5-fold higher than those observed in the MSA cultures, probably due to decreases in toxic organic pollutants. Multivariate analyses indicated that co-cultivation of activated sludge was directly correlated with the elevated removals of phenol and NH4+-N. In the presence of sludge, adequate dilution of the coke wastewater can maximize the effect of bacteria on NH4+-N removal and biomass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Gon Ryu
- Freshwater Bioresources Utilization Bureau, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, 137, Donam 2-gil, Sangju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 37242, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jungmin Kim
- Future Environmental Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea; Human and Environmental Toxicology Program, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejoen 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-In Han
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehakno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehakno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea; Advanced Biomass R&D Center, KAIST, 291 Daehakno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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12
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Ryu BG, Kim W, Nam K, Kim S, Lee B, Park MS, Yang JW. A comprehensive study on algal-bacterial communities shift during thiocyanate degradation in a microalga-mediated process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 191:496-504. [PMID: 25911193 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.03.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Changes in algal and bacterial communities during thiocyanate (SCN(-)) decomposition in a microalga-mediated process were studied. Pyrosequencing indicated that Thiobacillus bacteria and Micractinium algae predominated during SCN(-) hydrolysis, even after its complete degradation. Principal components analysis and evenness profiles (based on the Pareto-Lorenz curve) suggested that the changes in the bacterial communities were driven by nitrogen and sulfur oxidation, pH changes, and photoautotrophic conditions. The populations of predominant microalgae remained relatively stable during SCN(-) hydrolysis, but the proportion of bacteria - especially nitrifying bacteria - fluctuated. Thus, the initial microalgal population may be crucial in determining which microorganisms dominate when the preferred nitrogen source becomes limited. The results also demonstrated that microalgae and SCN(-)-hydrolyzing bacteria can coexist, that microalgae can be effectively used with these bacteria to completely treat SCN(-), and that the structure of the algal-bacterial community is more stable than the community of nitrifying bacteria alone during SCN(-) degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Gon Ryu
- Environmental and Energy Program, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Decontamination and Decommissioning Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), 989-111 Daedukdaero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kibok Nam
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwhan Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongsoo Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min S Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Advanced Biomass R&D Center, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Ryu BG, Kim W, Heo SW, Kim D, Choi GG, Yang JW. Advanced treatment of residual nitrogen from biologically treated coke effluent by a microalga-mediated process using volatile fatty acids (VFAs) under stepwise mixotrophic conditions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 191:488-495. [PMID: 25881553 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.03.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This work describes the development of a microalga-mediated process for simultaneous removal of residual ammonium nitrogen (NH4(+)-N) and production of lipids from biologically treated coke effluent. Four species of green algae were tested using a sequential mixotrophic process. In the first phase-CO2-supplied mixotrophic condition-all microalgae assimilated NH4(+)-N with no evident inhibition. In second phase-volatile fatty acids (VFAs)-supplied mixotrophic condition-removal rates of NH4(+)-N and biomass significantly increased. Among the microalgae used, Arctic Chlorella sp. ArM0029B had the highest rate of NH4(+)-N removal (0.97 mg/L/h) and fatty acid production (24.9 mg/L/d) which were 3.6- and 2.1-fold higher than those observed under the CO2-supplied mixotrophic condition. Redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that acetate and butyrate were decisive factors for increasing NH4(+)-N removal and fatty acid production. These results demonstrate that microalgae can be used in a sequential process for treatment of residual nitrogen after initial treatment of activated sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Gon Ryu
- Environmental and Energy Program, KAIST, 291 Daehakno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea; Decontamination and Decommissioning Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), 989-111 Daedukdaero Yuseong, Daejeon 305-353, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehakno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Woon Heo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehakno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehakno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Gang-Guk Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehakno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehakno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea; Advanced Biomass R&D Center, KAIST, 291 Daehakno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Seth JR, Wangikar PP. Challenges and opportunities for microalgae-mediated CO2 capture and biorefinery. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 112:1281-96. [PMID: 25899427 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Aquacultures of microalgae are frontrunners for photosynthetic capture of CO2 from flue gases. Expedient implementation mandates coupling of microalgal CO2 capture with synthesis of fuels and organic products, so as to derive value from biomass. An integrated biorefinery complex houses a biomass growth and harvesting area and a refining zone for conversion to product(s) and separation to desired purity levels. As growth and downstream options require energy and incur loss of carbon, put together, the loop must be energy positive, carbon negative, or add substantial value. Feasibility studies can, thus, aid the choice from among the rapidly evolving technological options, many of which are still in the early phases of development. We summarize basic engineering calculations for the key steps of a biorefining loop where flue gases from a thermal power station are captured using microalgal biomass along with subsequent options for conversion to fuel or value added products. An assimilation of findings from recent laboratory and pilot-scale experiments and life cycle analysis (LCA) studies is presented as carbon and energy yields for growth and harvesting of microalgal biomass and downstream options. Of the biorefining options, conversion to the widely studied biofuel, ethanol, and manufacture of the platform chemical, succinic acid are presented. Both processes yield specific products and do not demand high-energy input but entail 60-70% carbon loss through fermentative respiration. Thermochemical conversions, on the other hand, have smaller carbon and energy losses but yield a mixture of products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti R Seth
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India.,DBT-Pan IIT Center for Bioenergy, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Pramod P Wangikar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India. .,DBT-Pan IIT Center for Bioenergy, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India. .,Wadhwani Research Center for Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India.
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Luo S, Chen B, Lin L, Wang X, Tam NFY, Luan T. Pyrene degradation accelerated by constructed consortium of bacterium and microalga: effects of degradation products on the microalgal growth. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:13917-13924. [PMID: 25382552 DOI: 10.1021/es503761j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Abundant microbes including bacteria, fungi, or algae are capable of biodegrading polycyclic hydrocarbons (PAHs). However, pure cultures never occur in the contaminated environments. This study aimed to understand the general potential mechanisms of interactions between microbes under pollution stress by constructing a consortium of PAH-degrading microalga (Selenastrum capricornutum) and bacterium (Mycobacterium sp. strain A1-PYR). Bacteria alone could grow on the pyrene, whereas the growth of algae alone was substantially inhibited by the pyrene of 10 mg L(-1). In the mixing culture of algae and bacteria, the growth rate of algae was significantly increased from day 4 onward. Rapid bacterial degradation of pyrene might mitigate the toxicity of pyrene to algae. Phenolic acids, the bacterial degradation products of pyrene, could serve as the phytohormone for promoting algal growth in the coculture of algae and bacteria. In turn, bacterial growth was also enhanced by the algae presented in the mixing culture. Consequently, the fastest degradation of pyrene among all biodegradation systems was achieved by the consortium of algae and bacteria probably due to such interactions between the two species by virtue of degradation products. This study reveals that the consortium containing multiple microbial species is high potential for microbial remediation of pyrene-contaminated environments, and provides a new strategy to degrade the recalcitrant PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusheng Luo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, School of Marine Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
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