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Arora U, Khuntia HK, Chanakya HN, Kapley A. Luffa cylindrica (Sponge Gourd) Fibers in Treatment of Greywater: an Aerobic Fixed-Film Reactor Approach. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12010-023-04804-3. [PMID: 38175410 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04804-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The need for potable water consumption in urban and suburban regions can be decreased by greywater treatment and its reuse. Utilizing natural fibers may provide sustainable solutions in addressing challenges related to water resource management. In this study, a fixed-film reactor was designed with Luffa cylindrica (an annually occurring fruit) as a bio-carrier. The lab-scale reactors were configured with and without Luffa cylindrica and were run for 90 days in fed-batch mode. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to validate biofilm production over time. Monitoring COD, nitrogen, and total phosphate removal allowed for analysis of treatment effectiveness. Results demonstrated the treatment efficiency for the experimental reactor was 70.96%, 97.02%, 92.57%, and 81.20% for COD, nitrogen, phosphate, and anionic surfactant (AS), respectively. 16 s rRNA gene sequencing of bio-carrier and control greywater samples was carried out. Many bacteria known to break down anionic surfactants were observed, and microbial succession was witnessed in the control reactor vs. the experimental reactor samples. The three most prevalent genera in the experimental samples were Chlorobium, Chlorobaculum, and Terrimonas. However, it is crucial to underscore that additional research is essential to solidify our understanding in this domain, with this study laying the fundamental groundwork.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upasana Arora
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, India
| | - Himanshu Kumar Khuntia
- Centre for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - H N Chanakya
- Centre for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Atya Kapley
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, India.
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Abdel-Fattah HK, El-Seddik MM, Galal MM, Mostafa NG. A comparative study for hybrid UASB reactor performance using polyethylene media and luffa sponge as biofilm support. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2022; 20:749-756. [PMID: 36406600 PMCID: PMC9672170 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-022-00814-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This paper study the performance of a lab-scale hybrid up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor treating low-strength synthetic wastewater using different biofilm supporting materials. Two identical reactors are constructed and operated at constant up-flow velocity of 0.1 m/hr., inflow rate of 9.76 L/d, and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 8.26 hours. The Start-up phase, using seed sludge for existing wastewater treatment plant, lasted until the efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of both reactors reached 80%. Polyethylene (PE) media are added to one of the reactors and luffa sponge is used in the second reactor. Results show increased COD removal efficiency up to about 90% at 20 °C and biogas production rates from 3.8*10-3 till 7.5*10-3 m3 CH4/kg CODr using PE media. The COD removal efficiency reaches about 95% at 20 °C using luffa sponge and biogas production rates up to 6.5*10 -3 m3 CH4/kg CODr are achieved before clogging problem is observed. Effect of HRT reduction, from 8.26 to 4.13 hours, on removing clogging is investigated. Reduction in COD removal efficiencies is observed at low ambient temperatures during seasonal variations of 15-25 °C. AFM and SEM analysis are used to examine sludge granulation and biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham K. Abdel-Fattah
- Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Public Works Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Cairo, 12613 Egypt
| | - Mostafa M. El-Seddik
- Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Civil Engineering Department, Institute of Aviation Engineering and Technology, Giza, 12815 Egypt
| | - Mona M. Galal
- Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Public Works Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Cairo, 12613 Egypt
| | - Nagwan G. Mostafa
- Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Public Works Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Cairo, 12613 Egypt
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Cayetano RDA, Kim GB, Park J, Yang YH, Jeon BH, Jang M, Kim SH. Biofilm formation as a method of improved treatment during anaerobic digestion of organic matter for biogas recovery. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126309. [PMID: 34798247 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of anaerobic digestion could be increased by promoting microbial retention through biofilm development. The inclusion of certain types of biofilm carriers has differentiated existing AD biofilm reactors through their respective mode of biofilm growth. Bacteria and archaea engaged in methanogenesis during anaerobic processes potentially build biofilms by adhering or attaching to biofilm carriers. Meta-analyzed results depicted varying degrees of biogas enhancement within AD biofilm reactors. Furthermore, different carrier materials highly induced the dynamicity of the dominant microbial population in each system. It is suggested that the promotion of surface contact and improvement of interspecies electron transport have greatly impacted the treatment results. Modern spectroscopy techniques have been and will continue to give essential information regarding biofilm's composition and structural organization which can be useful in elucidating the added function of this special layer of microbial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roent Dune A Cayetano
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Beom Kim
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungsu Park
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung-Hun Yang
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyoun Kim
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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Abdullahi K, Elreedy A, Fujii M, Ibrahim MG, Tawfik A. Robustness of anaerobes exposed to cyanuric acid contaminated wastewater and achieving efficient removal via optimized co-digestion scheme. J Adv Res 2020; 24:211-222. [PMID: 32373355 PMCID: PMC7191646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of various industrial pollutants on anaerobes and the biodegradation potentials need much emphasis. This study aims to investigate the response of anaerobic microbial systems to cyanuric acid (CA) exposure; CA is toxic and possible carcinogen. First, the long-term exposure of mixed culture bacteria (i.e., municipal sludge) to low-strength wastewater containing 20 mg/L CA was conducted in an up-flow anaerobic staged reactor. Stable performance and sludge granulation were observed, and the microbial community structure showed the progression of genus Acinetobacter known as CA degrader. Second, batch-mode experiment was performed to examine the CA biodegradability at higher doses (up to 250 mg/L of CA) in the absence and presence of glucose as a co-substrate; response surface-based optimization was used to design this experiment and to estimate the optimum CA-glucose combination. CA removal of 77-98% was achieved when CA was co-digested with glucose (250-1,000 mg/L), after 7 days-incubation at temperature of 37 °C, compared to 34% when CA was solely digested. Further, the obtained methane yield dropped when CA exceeded over 125 mg/L, though the deterioration was mitigated by addition of higher concentration of glucose. Overall, we conclude that CA is efficiently degraded under anaerobic conditions when being co-digested with readily assimilable substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kabir Abdullahi
- Environmental Engineering Department, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elreedy
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan.,Sanitary Engineering Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt
| | - Manabu Fujii
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Mona G Ibrahim
- Environmental Engineering Department, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology, Alexandria 21934, Egypt.,Environmental Health Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Tawfik
- Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
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Kraiem K, Wahab MA, Kallali H, Fra-Vazquez A, Pedrouso A, Mosquera-Corral A, Jedidi N. Effects of short- and long-term exposures of humic acid on the Anammox activity and microbial community. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:19012-19024. [PMID: 30039484 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2786-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Humic acid has a controversial effect on the biological treatment processes. Here, we have investigated humic acid effects on the Anammox activity by studying the nitrogen removal efficiencies in batch and continuous conditions and analyzing the microbial community using Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique. The results showed that the Anammox activity was affected by the presence of humic acid at a concentration higher than 70 mg/L. In fact, in the presence of humic acid concentration of 200 mg/L, the Anammox activity decreased to 57% in batch and under continuous condition, the ammonium removal efficiencies of the reactor decreased from 78 to 41%. This reduction of Anammox activity after humic acid addition was highlighted by FISH analysis which revealed a considerable reduction of the abundance of Anammox bacteria and the bacteria living in symbiosis with them. Furthermore, a total inhibition of Candidatus Brocadia fulgida was observed. However, humic acid has promoted heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria which became dominant in the reactor. In fact, the evolution of the organic matter in the reactor showed that the added humic acid was used as carbon source by heterotrophic bacteria which explained the shift of metabolism to the favor of heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria. Accordingly, humic acid should be controlled in the influent to avoid Anammox activity inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadija Kraiem
- Laboratory of Wastewater Treatment and Valorization, Water Research and Technologies Center, CERTE, Technopark Tourist Route of Soliman Nabeul, PO Box No. 273, 8020, Soliman, Tunisia
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Rommana, B.P. no. 94, 1068, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Ali Wahab
- Laboratory of Wastewater Treatment and Valorization, Water Research and Technologies Center, CERTE, Technopark Tourist Route of Soliman Nabeul, PO Box No. 273, 8020, Soliman, Tunisia.
| | - Hamadi Kallali
- Laboratory of Wastewater Treatment and Valorization, Water Research and Technologies Center, CERTE, Technopark Tourist Route of Soliman Nabeul, PO Box No. 273, 8020, Soliman, Tunisia
| | - Andrea Fra-Vazquez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technological Research, School of Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Rua Lope Gómez de Marzoa s/n, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alba Pedrouso
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technological Research, School of Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Rua Lope Gómez de Marzoa s/n, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Anuska Mosquera-Corral
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technological Research, School of Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Rua Lope Gómez de Marzoa s/n, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Naceur Jedidi
- Laboratory of Wastewater Treatment and Valorization, Water Research and Technologies Center, CERTE, Technopark Tourist Route of Soliman Nabeul, PO Box No. 273, 8020, Soliman, Tunisia
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di Biase A, Devlin TR, Kowalski MS, Oleszkiewicz JA. Performance and design considerations for an anaerobic moving bed biofilm reactor treating brewery wastewater: Impact of surface area loading rate and temperature. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 216:392-398. [PMID: 28595913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.05.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Three 4 L anaerobic moving bed biofilm reactors (AMBBR) treated brewery wastewater with AC920 media providing 680 m2 protected surface area per m3 of media. Different hydraulic retention times (HRT; 24, 18, 12, 10, 8 and 6 h) at 40% media fill and 35 °C, as well as different temperatures (15, 25 and 35 °C) at 50% media fill and 18 h HRT were examined. Best performance at 35 °C and 40% media fill was observed when HRT was 18 h, which corresponded with 92% removal of soluble COD (sCOD). Organic loading rates (OLR) above 24 kg-COD m-3d-1 decreased performance below 80% sCOD removal at 35 °C and 40% media fill. The reason was confirmed to be that surface area loading rates (SALR) above 50 g-sCOD m-2d-1 caused excessive biofilm thickness that filled up internal channels of the media, leading to mass transfer limitations. Temperature had a very significant impact on process performance with 50% media fill and 18 h HRT. Biomass concentrations were significantly higher at lower temperatures. At 15 °C the mass of volatile solids (VS) was more than three times higher than at 35 °C for the same OLR. Biofilms acclimated to 25 °C and 15 °C achieved removal of 80% sCOD at SALR of 10 g-sCOD m-2d-1 and 1.0 g-sCOD m-2d-1, respectively. Even though biomass concentrations were higher at lower temperature, biofilm acclimated to 25 °C and 15 °C performed significantly slower than that acclimated to 35 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- A di Biase
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T 5V6, Canada.
| | - T R Devlin
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T 5V6, Canada
| | - M S Kowalski
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T 5V6, Canada
| | - J A Oleszkiewicz
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T 5V6, Canada
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Elreedy A, Fujii M, Tawfik A. Factors affecting on hythane bio-generation via anaerobic digestion of mono-ethylene glycol contaminated wastewater: Inoculum-to-substrate ratio, nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratio and pH. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 223:10-19. [PMID: 27792923 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to assess the effect of inoculum-to-substrate ratio (ISR) and nitrogen-to-phosphorus balance on hythane production from thermophilic anaerobic decomposition of mono-ethylene glycol (MEG) contaminated wastewater. ISRs ranging from 2.65 to 13.23gVSS/gCOD were employed, whereas the tested N/P ratios varied from 4.6 to 8.5. Maximum methane and hydrogen yields (MY and HY) of 151.86±10.8 and 22.27±1.1mL/gCODinitial were achieved at ISRs of 5.29 and 3.78gVSS/gCOD, respectively. HY increased 1.45-fold by decreasing N/P from 8.5 to 4.6, while MY improved 1.6-fold by increasing N/P from 4.6 to 5.5. Methane production was strongly influenced by initial NH4-N, compared to initial PO4-P. Optimal HY of 47.55mL/gCODinitial was achieved at pH 5.0 and ISR of 3.78gVSS/gCOD using thermal-treated sludge. Three-dimensional regression model was applied for the combined effect of initial MEG, NH4-N and PO4-P on hythane production. Potential economic benefits of hythane production from MEG contaminated wastewater were assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elreedy
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan; Environmental Engineering Department, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), P.O. Box 179, New Borg Al-Arab City, 21934 Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Manabu Fujii
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Ahmed Tawfik
- Environmental Engineering Department, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), P.O. Box 179, New Borg Al-Arab City, 21934 Alexandria, Egypt.
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Effect of Hydraulic Retention Time on Hydrogen Production from the Dark Fermentation of Petrochemical Effluents Contaminated with Ethylene Glycol. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2015.07.746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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