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Yu F, Hu Y, Li L, Guo Q, Zhu Y, Jiao L, Wang Y, Cui X. Investigation on oxygen-controlled sewage sludge carbonization with low temperature: from thermal behavior to three-phase product properties. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:31441-31452. [PMID: 35006570 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18510-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive study was conducted on the characteristics of oxygen-controlled carbonization process of sewage sludge (SS) using thermogravimetric analysis and lab-scale carbonization experiment. Reaction temperature of SS carbonization was varied between 250 and 650 °C in carrier gas with different O2 contents. The thermal process of SS in low oxygen could be divided into three stages: dehydration (below 160 °C), devolatilization (160-380 °C), stubborn volatile decomposition and fixed carbon combustion (380-600 °C). Based on Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) methods, the reaction activation energy (E) of SS carbonization process in 10% O2 was the lowest, with values of 98.50 kJ mol-1 (KAS) and 103.49 kJ mol-1 (FWO). The properties of the obtained char, tar, and gas products were analyzed by FTIR and GC-MS. With the increase of carbonization temperature, char yield decreased and gas yield increased. The highest yield of tar was 27.76% (N2) and 27.04% (10% O2) at 450 °C. Low-oxygen atmosphere at the same temperature did not change the yield of char but increased the fixed carbon content and its aromaticity. Oxygen would participate in secondary cracking in tar and promote gas generation above 350 °C. It was found that the presence of oxygen not only increased the concentration of H2, CO, and CH4 in gas product, but also improved the quality of tar in terms of high aromatic content and low nitrogen-containing compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yu
- Institute of Energy and Power Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Liuhe Road 288#, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Yanjun Hu
- Institute of Energy and Power Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Liuhe Road 288#, Hangzhou, 310023, China.
| | - Lianming Li
- Jiaxing New Jies Heat & Power Co., Ltd, Qiumao Road 55#, Jiaxing, 314016, China
| | - Qianqian Guo
- Institute of Energy and Power Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Liuhe Road 288#, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Yonghao Zhu
- Institute of Energy and Power Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Liuhe Road 288#, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Long Jiao
- Institute of Energy and Power Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Liuhe Road 288#, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Yihong Wang
- Jiaxing New Jies Heat & Power Co., Ltd, Qiumao Road 55#, Jiaxing, 314016, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Cui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
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Waste-Based Intermediate Bioenergy Carriers: Syngas Production via Coupling Slow Pyrolysis with Gasification under a Circular Economy Model. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14217366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Waste-based feedstocks and bioenergy intermediate carriers are key issues of the whole bioenergy value chain. Towards a circular economy, changing upcycling infra-structure systems takes time, while energy-from-waste (EfW) technologies like waste pyrolysis and gasification could play an integral part. Thus, the aim of this study is to propose a circular economy pathway for the waste to energy (WtE) thermochemical technologies, through which solid biomass waste can be slowly pyrolyzed to biochar (main product), in various regionally distributed small plants, and the pyro-oils, by-products of those plants could be used as an intermediate energy carrier to fuel a central gasification plant for syngas production. Through the performed review, the main parameters of the whole process chain, from waste to syngas, were discussed. The study develops a conceptual model that can be implemented for overcoming barriers to the broad deployment of WtE solutions. The proposed model of WtE facilities is changing the recycling economy into a circular economy, where nothing is wasted, while a carbon-negative energy carrier can be achieved. The downstream side of the process (cleaning of syngas) and the economic feasibility of the dual such system need optimization.
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Progress of the Pyrolyzer Reactors and Advanced Technologies for Biomass Pyrolysis Processing. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su131911061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In the future, renewable energy technologies will have a significant role in catering to energy security concerns and a safe environment. Among the various renewable energy sources available, biomass has high accessibility and is considered a carbon-neutral source. Pyrolysis technology is a thermo-chemical route for converting biomass to many useful products (biochar, bio-oil, and combustible pyrolysis gases). The composition and relative product yield depend on the pyrolysis technology adopted. The present review paper evaluates various types of biomass pyrolysis. Fast pyrolysis, slow pyrolysis, and advanced pyrolysis techniques concerning different pyrolyzer reactors have been reviewed from the literature and are presented to broaden the scope of its selection and application for future studies and research. Slow pyrolysis can deliver superior ecological welfare because it provides additional bio-char yield using auger and rotary kiln reactors. Fast pyrolysis can produce bio-oil, primarily via bubbling and circulating fluidized bed reactors. Advanced pyrolysis processes have good potential to provide high prosperity for specific applications. The success of pyrolysis depends strongly on the selection of a specific reactor as a pyrolyzer based on the desired product and feedstock specifications.
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Leng L, Yang L, Chen J, Leng S, Li H, Li H, Yuan X, Zhou W, Huang H. A review on pyrolysis of protein-rich biomass: Nitrogen transformation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 315:123801. [PMID: 32673983 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pyrolysis of protein-rich biomass, such as microalgae, macroalgae, sewage sludge, energy crops, and some lignocellulosic biomass, produces bio-oil with high nitrogen (N) content, sometimes as high as 10 wt% or even higher. Major nitrogenous compounds in bio-oil include amines/amides, N-containing heterocycles, and nitriles. Such bio-oil cannot be used as fuel directly since the high N content will induce massive emission of nitrogen oxides during combustion. The present review comprehensively summarized the effects of biomass compositions (i.e., elemental, biochemical, and mineral compositions) and pyrolysis parameters (i.e., temperature, heating rate, atmosphere, bio-oil collection/fractionation methods, and catalysts) on the contents of N and the N-containing chemical components in bio-oil. The migration and transformation mechanisms of N during the pyrolysis of biomass were then discussed in detail. Finally, the research gaps were identified, followed by the proposals for future investigations to achieve the denitrogenation of bio-oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijian Leng
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Lihong Yang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Jiefeng Chen
- School of Resources, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Songqi Leng
- School of Resources, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Hailong Li
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of the Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Xingzhong Yuan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Wenguang Zhou
- School of Resources, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Huajun Huang
- School of Land Resources and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
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Tahir MH, Çakman G, Goldfarb JL, Topcu Y, Naqvi SR, Ceylan S. Demonstrating the suitability of canola residue biomass to biofuel conversion via pyrolysis through reaction kinetics, thermodynamics and evolved gas analyses. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 279:67-73. [PMID: 30711754 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The identification of biomasses for pyrolytic conversion to biofuels depends on many factors, including: moisture content, elemental and volatile matter composition, thermo-kinetic parameters, and evolved gases. The present work illustrates how canola residue may be a suitable biofuel feedstock for low-temperature (<450 °C) slow pyrolysis with energetically favorable conversions of up to 70 wt% of volatile matter. Beyond this point, thermo-kinetic parameters and activation energies, which increase from 154.3 to 400 kJ/mol from 65 to 80% conversion, suggest that the energy required to initiate conversion is thermodynamically unfavorable. This is likely due to its higher elemental carbon content than similar residues, leading to enhanced carbonization rather than devolatilization at higher temperatures. Evolved gas analysis supports limiting pyrolysis temperature; ethanol and methane conversions are maximized below 500 °C with ∼6% water content. Carbon dioxide is the dominant evolved gas beyond this temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudassir Hussain Tahir
- University of Science and Technology of China, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Gülce Çakman
- Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department, 55139 Kurupelit, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Jillian L Goldfarb
- Cornell University, Department of Biological & Environmental Engineering, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Yildiray Topcu
- Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department, 55139 Kurupelit, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Salman Raza Naqvi
- School of Chemical & Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences & Technology, Islamabad 54000, Pakistan
| | - Selim Ceylan
- Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department, 55139 Kurupelit, Samsun, Turkey.
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Maliutina K, Tahmasebi A, Yu J. The transformation of nitrogen during pressurized entrained-flow pyrolysis of Chlorella vulgaris. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 262:90-97. [PMID: 29698842 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.04.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The transformation of nitrogen in microalgae during entrained-flow pyrolysis of Chlorella vulgaris was systematically investigated at the temperatures of 600-900 °C and pressures of 0.1-4.0 MPa. It was found that pressure had a profound impact on the transformation of nitrogen during pyrolysis. The nitrogen retention in bio-char and its content in bio-oil reached a maximum value at 1.0 MPa. The highest conversion of nitrogen (50.25 wt%) into bio-oil was achieved at 1.0 MPa and 800 °C, which was about 7 wt% higher than that at atmospheric pressure. Higher pressures promoted the formation of pyrrolic-N (N-5) and quaternary-N (N-Q) compounds in bio-oil at the expense of nitrile-N and pyridinic-N (N-6) compounds. The X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results on bio-chars clearly evidenced the transformation of N-5 structures into N-6 and N-Q structures at elevated pressures. The nitrogen transformation pathways during pyrolysis of microalgae were proposed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Maliutina
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Coal and Coking Technology of Liaoning Province, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China
| | - Arash Tahmasebi
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Coal and Coking Technology of Liaoning Province, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China
| | - Jianglong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Coal and Coking Technology of Liaoning Province, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China; Chemical Engineering, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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Maliutina K, Tahmasebi A, Yu J. Pressurized entrained-flow pyrolysis of microalgae: Enhanced production of hydrogen and nitrogen-containing compounds. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 256:160-169. [PMID: 29438916 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pressurized entrained-flow pyrolysis of Chlorella vulgaris microalgae was investigated. The impact of pressure on the yield and composition of pyrolysis products were studied. The results showed that the concentration of H2 in bio-gas increased sharply with increasing pyrolysis pressure, while those of CO, CO2, CH4, and C2H6 were dramatically decreased. The concentration of H2 reached 88.01 vol% in bio-gas at 900 °C and 4 MPa. Higher pressures promoted the hydrogen transfer to bio-gas. The bio-oils derived from pressurized pyrolysis were rich in nitrogen-containing compounds and PAHs. The highest concentration of nitrogen-containing compounds in bio-oil was achieved at 800 °C and 1 MPa. Increasing pyrolysis pressure promoted the formation of nitrogen-containing compounds such as indole, quinoline, isoquinoline and phenanthridine. Higher pyrolysis pressures led to increased sphericity, enhanced swelling, and higher carbon order of bio-chars. Pressurized pyrolysis of biomass has a great potential for poly-generation of H2, nitrogen containing compounds and bio-char.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Maliutina
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Coal and Coking Technology of Liaoning Province, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China
| | - Arash Tahmasebi
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Coal and Coking Technology of Liaoning Province, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China
| | - Jianglong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Coal and Coking Technology of Liaoning Province, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China; Chemical Engineering, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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Yang H, Liu B, Chen Y, Chen W, Yang Q, Chen H. Application of biomass pyrolytic polygeneration technology using retort reactors. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 200:64-71. [PMID: 26476166 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.09.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To introduce application status and illustrate the good utilisation potential of biomass pyrolytic polygeneration using retort reactors, the properties of major products and the economic viability of commercial factories were investigated. The capacity of one factory was about 3000t of biomass per year, which was converted into 1000t of charcoal, 950,000Nm(3) of biogas, 270t of woody tar, and 950t of woody vinegar. Charcoal and fuel gas had LHV of 31MJ/kg and 12MJ/m(3), respectively, indicating their potential for use as commercial fuels. The woody tar was rich in phenols, while woody vinegar contained large quantities of water and acetic acid. The economic analysis showed that the factory using this technology could be profitable, and the initial investment could be recouped over the factory lifetime. This technology offered a promising means of converting abundant agricultural biomass into high-value products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Biao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Yingquan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of New Energy Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Hanping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; Department of New Energy Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
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