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Biofouling in Membrane Bioreactors: Mechanism, Interactions and Possible Mitigation Using Biosurfactants. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:2114-2133. [PMID: 36385366 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04261-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Biofouling roots damage to membrane bioreactors (MBRs), such as physical, functional and organisational changes and even therefore clogging of the membrane pores and successive microbial degradation. Further, it blocks the pores, results into a biomass cake and in due course reduces the membrane flux and leads to an increase in the operational costs. MBR fouling contributed to the rise in transmembrane pressure (TMP) and decrease in permeate flux (in case of constant pressure operation mode). Chemical surfactants adopted for the cleaning of membrane surfaces have certain disadvantages such as toxicity manifestations, damage to the membranes and high CMC concentrations. Biosurfactant surfactants have attained increasing interest due to their low toxicity, biodegradability, stability to extreme environmental conditions such as temperatures, pH and tolerance to salinity. The biosurfactants trapped the foulants via micelle formation, which distresses hydrophobic interactions amongst bacteria and the surface. Rhamnolipids as an anionic biosurfactant pose a significant interfacial potential and have affinity to bind organic matter. The present review discusses the problem of biofouling in MBRs, type and interactions of foulants involved and also highlights the mechanisms of biosurfactant cleaning, effect of different parameters, effect of concentration, TMP, flux recovery, permeability, mitigation practices and challenges.
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Zhu J, You H, Ng HY, Li Z, Xie B, Chen H, Ding Y, Tan H, Liu F, Zhang C. Impacts of bio-carriers on the characteristics of cake layer and membrane fouling in a novel hybrid membrane bioreactor for treating mariculture wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 300:134593. [PMID: 35427670 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Membrane fouling is generally considered as a major bottleneck to the wide application of membrane bioreactor (MBR) for high saline mariculture wastewater treatment. Though numerous researches have investigated the membrane fouling of MBR combined with bio-carriers, few studies reveal the impacts of bio-carriers on the characteristics of cake layer and the mechanism of bio-carriers alleviating membrane fouling. In this study, two systems, namely carriers-enhanced MBR (R1) and conventional MBR (R2) were parallel operated, drawing a conclusion that bio-carriers effectively improved the characteristics of cake layer, thus mitigating membrane fouling. Fluorescence excitation emission matrix (EEM) analysis indicated that bio-carriers reduced the adhesion of proteins and humic acid-like materials on membrane surface. Molecular weight (Mw) distribution suggested that soluble microbial products (SMP) with small Mw (6-20 kDa) and biopolymers in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) (50-300 kDa) was easier to accumulate on membrane surface in R2. The above results indicated that the presence of bio-carriers could effectively reduce the attachment of these organics on membrane surface, contributing to a larger porosity of cake layer and thus mitigating membrane fouling. Meanwhile, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) clarified that more components were present in R2 than R1. Moreover, the majority of compounds in the SMP were present in both systems, while only 14 compounds in the EPS were the same between R1 and R2. Noticeably, certain aromatics only existed in R2, suggesting that bio-carriers effectively reduced the accumulation of recalcitrant materials, especially aromatics. These results revealed that bio-carriers shifted the precise composition of cake layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Hong You
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, 264209, China
| | - How Yong Ng
- Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - Zhipeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, 264209, China.
| | - Binghan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, 264209, China
| | - Hongying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Marine College, Shandong University at Weihai, Weihai, 264209, China
| | - Haili Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, 264209, China
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, 264209, China
| | - Chunpeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
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Wu X, Han H, Qiao J. Data-Driven Intelligent Warning Method for Membrane Fouling. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL NETWORKS AND LEARNING SYSTEMS 2021; 32:3318-3329. [PMID: 33417565 DOI: 10.1109/tnnls.2020.3041293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Membrane fouling has become a serious issue in membrane bioreactor (MBR) and may destroy the operation of the wastewater treatment process (WWTP). The goal of this article is to design a data-driven intelligent warning method for warning the future events of membrane fouling in MBR. The main novelties of the proposed method are threefold. First, a soft-computing model, based on the recurrent fuzzy neural network (RFNN), was proposed to identify the real-time values of membrane permeability. Second, a multistep prediction strategy was designed to predict the multiple outputs of membrane permeability accurately by decreasing the error accumulation over the predictive horizon. Third, a warning detection algorithm, using the state comprehensive evaluation (SCE) method, was developed to evaluate the pollution levels of MBR. Finally, the proposed method was inserted into a warning system to complete the predicting and warning missions and further tested in the real plants to evaluate its efficiency and effectiveness. Experimental results have verified the benefits of the proposed method.
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Harvey DJ. ANALYSIS OF CARBOHYDRATES AND GLYCOCONJUGATES BY MATRIX-ASSISTED LASER DESORPTION/IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY: AN UPDATE FOR 2015-2016. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2021; 40:408-565. [PMID: 33725404 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This review is the ninth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2016. Also included are papers that describe methods appropriate to analysis by MALDI, such as sample preparation techniques, even though the ionization method is not MALDI. Topics covered in the first part of the review include general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation and arrays. The second part of the review is devoted to applications to various structural types such as oligo- and poly-saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides and biopharmaceuticals. Much of this material is presented in tabular form. The third part of the review covers medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions and applications to chemical synthesis. The reported work shows increasing use of combined new techniques such as ion mobility and the enormous impact that MALDI imaging is having. MALDI, although invented over 30 years ago is still an ideal technique for carbohydrate analysis and advancements in the technique and range of applications show no sign of deminishing. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
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Kakuda T, Iwasaki H, Kimura K. Fouling potential of lipopolysaccharides released at low temperatures in MBRs. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2020; 81:529-534. [PMID: 32385206 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sludge filterability in membrane bioreactors (MBRs) fluctuates and affects membrane fouling. Therefore, understanding the reasons for the fluctuations of sludge filterability is important for the efficient operation of MBRs. In this study, a pilot-scale MBR treating municipal wastewater was operated for about 600 days and the variations in sludge filterability were continuously monitored by batch-filtration experiments using the same membranes as in the MBR. To investigate the reasons for the deterioration of sludge filterability, constituents in sludge supernatant were intensively monitored, and the correlations with sludge filterability were determined. The concentration of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in sludge supernatant exhibited significantly higher correlation with sludge filterability than did conventional indexes (i.e. polysaccharides and proteins). Size fractions affecting MBR sludge filterability were also investigated, and it was suggested that colloidal LPS deteriorated MBR sludge filterability. Based on the long-term operation of the MBR, increase in colloidal LPS under low temperatures of the mixed liquor suspension was a key factor in the deterioration of sludge filterability. The impact of LPS increasing under low temperatures should be investigated by operating bench-scale MBRs fed with synthetic wastewater in controlled conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kakuda
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan E-mail:
| | - H Iwasaki
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan E-mail:
| | - K Kimura
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan E-mail:
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Effect of BSA and sodium alginate adsorption on decline of filtrate flux through polyethylene microfiltration membranes. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Fungal polysaccharide similar with host Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide: Preparation, structure characteristics and biological activities. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 141:460-470. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Kimura K, Kakuda T, Iwasaki H. Membrane fouling caused by lipopolysaccharides: A suggestion for alternative model polysaccharides for MBR fouling research. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Kimura K, Uchida H. Intensive membrane cleaning for MBRs equipped with flat-sheet ceramic membranes: Controlling negative effects of chemical reagents used for membrane cleaning. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 150:21-28. [PMID: 30503871 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Intensive membrane cleaning can be used with ceramic membranes since they are physically/chemically robust. It might therefore be possible for membrane bioreactors (MBRs) to be operated under the condition of a high membrane flux when ceramic membranes are used with such intensive membrane cleaning. In this study, bench-scale MBRs equipped with flat-sheet ceramic membranes were operated for long periods. Circulation of granular materials (cylindrical polyurethane) in the tank and frequent chemically enhanced backwash (CEB) were used as intensive physical cleaning and chemical cleaning in this study, respectively. Experiments were carried out with synthetic wastewater. The use of granular materials, which can cause significant damage to polymeric membranes (Kurita et al., 2015), was effective for controlling the formation of cake (deposition of microbial flocs) on the surface of the ceramic membranes. When both mechanical cleaning using the granular materials and CEB with 1000 ppm of sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) were applied, contrary to an expectation, evolution of reversible fouling (formation of a transparent gel layer on the membrane surface) became uncontrollable, whereas irreversible fouling was effectively controlled. The use of NaClO induced release of organic macromolecules via biomass decay, leading to the evolution of reversible fouling. When the intensity of CEB with NaClO was adequately lowered, with the aid of the mechanical cleaning using the granules, the bench-scale MBR could be operated stably under an elevated membrane flux for a long period (>70 days). It was postulated that the adjustment of CEB intensity preferably altered properties of organic macromolecules released from biomass: the structure of the gel layer was porous when the CEB intensity was lowered. When CEB is used in MBRs, it is thus important to balance cleaning efficiency and its harmful effect on biomass. When adequate CEB is used with intensive mechanical cleaning, MBRs with ceramic membranes can be operated under high flux conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuki Kimura
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Uchida
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
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Arimi MM. Particle size distribution as an emerging tool for the analysis of wastewater. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/21622515.2018.1540666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Milton M. Arimi
- Department of Environmental Technology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Technology, Moi University Main Campus, Eldoret, Kenya
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Jacquin C, Teychene B, Lemee L, Lesage G, Heran M. Characteristics and fouling behaviors of Dissolved Organic Matter fractions in a full-scale submerged membrane bioreactor for municipal wastewater treatment. Biochem Eng J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2017.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Jacquin C, Lesage G, Traber J, Pronk W, Heran M. Three-dimensional excitation and emission matrix fluorescence (3DEEM) for quick and pseudo-quantitative determination of protein- and humic-like substances in full-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR). WATER RESEARCH 2017; 118:82-92. [PMID: 28414963 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study is to help filling the research gaps linked to the on-line application of fluorescence spectroscopy in wastewater treatment and data processing tools suitable for rapid correction and extraction of data contained in three-dimensional fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (3DEEM) for real-time studies. 3DEEM was evaluated for direct quantification of Effluent Organic Matter (EfOM) fractions in full-scale MBR bulk supernatant and permeate samples. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to investigate possible correlations between conventional Lowry and Dubois methods, Liquid Chromatography coupled to Organic Carbon and Organic Nitrogen Detection (LC-OCD-OND) and 3DEEM. 3DEEM data were analyzed using the volume of fluorescence (Φ) parameter from the Fluorescence Regional Integration (FRI) method. Two mathematical correlations were established between LC-OCD-OND and 3DEEM data to quantify protein-like and humic-like substances. These correlations were validated with supplementary data from the initial full-scale MBR, and were checked with samples from other systems (a second full-scale MBR, a full-scale conventional activated sludge (CAS) and a laboratory-scale MBR). While humic-like correlation showed satisfactory prediction for a second full-scale MBR and a CAS system, further studies are required for protein-like estimation in other systems. This new approach offers interesting perspectives for the on-line application of 3DEEM for EfOM quantification (protein-like and humic-like substances), fouling prediction and MBR process control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Jacquin
- IEM (Institut Européen des Membranes), UMR 5635 (CNRS-ENSCM-UM), Université de Montpellier, Place E. Bataillon, F- 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Geoffroy Lesage
- IEM (Institut Européen des Membranes), UMR 5635 (CNRS-ENSCM-UM), Université de Montpellier, Place E. Bataillon, F- 34095, Montpellier, France.
| | - Jacqueline Traber
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, P.O. Box 611, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Wouter Pronk
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, P.O. Box 611, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Marc Heran
- IEM (Institut Européen des Membranes), UMR 5635 (CNRS-ENSCM-UM), Université de Montpellier, Place E. Bataillon, F- 34095, Montpellier, France
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Zhang QH, Jin PK, Ngo HH, Shi X, Guo WS, Yang SJ, Wang XC, Wang X, Dzakpasu M, Yang WN, Yang L. Transformation and utilization of slowly biodegradable organic matters in biological sewage treatment of anaerobic anoxic oxic systems. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 218:53-61. [PMID: 27347798 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.06.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the distribution of carbon sources in two anaerobic anoxic oxic (AAO) sewage treatment plants in Xi'an and investigated the transformation characteristics and utilization potential of slowly biodegradable organic matters (SBOM). Results indicated under anaerobic and aerobic conditions, SBOM could be transformed at a rate of 65% in 8h into more readily biologically utilizable substrates such as volatile fatty acids (VFAs), polysaccharides and proteins. Additionally, non-biodegradable humus-type substances which are difficult to biodegrade and readily accumulate, were also generated. These products could be further hydrolyzed to aldehyde and ketone compounds and then transformed into substances with significant oxygen-containing functional groups and utilized subsequently. The molecular weights of proteinoid substances had a wide distribution and tended to decrease over time. Long hours of microbial reaction increased the proportion of micromolecular substances. This particular increase generated significant bioavailability, which can greatly improve the efficiency of nitrogen removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q H Zhang
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - P K Jin
- International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - H H Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, PO Box 123, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - X Shi
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - W S Guo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, PO Box 123, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - S J Yang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - X C Wang
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - X Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Envrionmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - M Dzakpasu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - W N Yang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - L Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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Kurita T, Mogi T, Kimura K. Influence of different biofilm carriers on the operation and membrane fouling of submerged membrane bioreactors. Sep Purif Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2016.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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15
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Arimi MM, Namango SS, Götz G, Zhang Y, Kiriamiti K, Geißen SU. The abrasion effects of natural organic particles on membrane permeability and the size distribution of recalcitrants in a colored effluent. J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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