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Eljonaid MY, Tomita H, Okazaki F, Tamaru Y. Enzymatic Characterization of Unused Biomass Degradation Using the Clostridium cellulovorans Cellulosome. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122514. [PMID: 36557767 PMCID: PMC9784398 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellulolytic system of Clostridium cellulovorans mainly consisting of a cellulosome that synergistically collaborates with non-complexed enzymes was investigated using cellulosic biomass. The cellulosomes were isolated from the culture supernatants with shredded paper, rice straw and sugarcane bagasse using crystalline cellulose. Enzyme solutions, including the cellulosome fractions, were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot using an anti-CbpA antibody. As a result, C. cellulovorans was able to completely degrade shredded paper for 9 days and to be continuously cultivated by the addition of new culture medium containing shredded paper, indicating, through TLC analysis, that its degradative products were glucose and cellobiose. Regarding the rice straw and sugarcane bagasse, while the degradative activity of rice straw was most active using the cellulosome in the culture supernatant of rice straw medium, that of sugarcane bagasse was most active using the cellulosome from the supernatant of cellobiose medium. Based on these results, no alcohols were found when C. acetobutylicum was cultivated in the absence of C. cellulovorans as it cannot degrade the cellulose. While 1.5 mM of ethanol was produced with C. cellulovorans cultivation, both n-butanol (1.67 mM) and ethanol (1.89 mM) were detected with the cocultivation of C. cellulovorans and C. acetobutylicum. Regarding the enzymatic activity evaluation against rice straw and sugarcane bagasse, the rice straw cellulosome fraction was the most active when compared against rice straw. Furthermore, since we attempted to choose reaction conditions more efficiently for the degradation of sugarcane bagasse, a wet jet milling device together with L-cysteine as a reducing agent was used. As a result, we found that the degradation activity was almost twice as high with 10 mM L-cysteine compared with without it. These results will provide new insights for biomass utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Yahia Eljonaid
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Hisao Tomita
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Fumiyoshi Okazaki
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
- Department of Bioinfomatics, Mie University Advanced Science Research Center, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
- Smart Cell Innovation Research Center, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yutaka Tamaru
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
- Department of Bioinfomatics, Mie University Advanced Science Research Center, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
- Smart Cell Innovation Research Center, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-59-231-9560
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Ai C, Tong A, Wen J, Chen R, Huang Y, Zhao C. Variations in the substrate composition and microbial community structure in the anaerobic fermentation process using the green algae Enteromorpha prolifera. FOOD PRODUCTION, PROCESSING AND NUTRITION 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43014-022-00110-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractEnteromorpha prolifera is a nutrient-rich green alga and abound in the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea of China. In this study, E. prolifera was anaerobically digested for biogas production. The variations of chemical compositions and microbial community structure as well as the physical structure of E. prolifera in anaerobic digestion process were investigated. This is the first report of multiple ways to deeply analysis the process of E. prolifera anaerobic digestion. Results from the present work showed that the biogas obtained from E. prolifera anaerobic digestion could achieve 409.7 mL•g− 1 TS with an average methane concentration of 53.2%, and the VFAs content in substrate played a vital role for driving the biogas production of flora. Moreover, S1 of Thermotogaceae and Cenarchaeum, the dominant bacteria and archaea in digestion flora, respectively, played important roles in degrading E. prolifera, acidizing slurry, and providing methanogenic substrate for methanogens.
Graphical Abstract
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Tarraran L, Gandini C, Luganini A, Mazzoli R. Cell-surface binding domains from Clostridium cellulovorans can be used for surface display of cellulosomal scaffoldins in Lactococcus lactis. Biotechnol J 2021; 16:e2100064. [PMID: 34019730 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202100064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Engineering microbial strains combining efficient lignocellulose metabolization and high-value chemical production is a cutting-edge strategy towards cost-sustainable 2nd generation biorefining. Here, protein components of the Clostridium cellulovorans cellulosome were introduced in Lactococcus lactis IL1403, one of the most efficient lactic acid producers but unable to directly ferment cellulose. Cellulosomes are protein complexes with high cellulose depolymerization activity whose synergistic action is supported by scaffolding protein(s) (i.e., scaffoldins). Scaffoldins are involved in bringing enzymes close to each other and often anchor the cellulosome to the cell surface. In this study, three synthetic scaffoldins were engineered by using domains derived from the main scaffoldin CbpA and the Endoglucanase E (EngE) of the C. cellulovorans cellulosome. Special focus was on CbpA X2 and EngE S-layer homology (SLH) domains possibly involved in cell-surface anchoring. The recombinant scaffoldins were successfully introduced in and secreted by L. lactis. Among them, only that carrying the three EngE SLH modules was able to bind to the L. lactis surface although these domains lack the conserved TRAE motif thought to mediate binding with secondary cell wall polysaccharides. The synthetic scaffoldins engineered in this study could serve for assembly of secreted or surface-displayed designer cellulosomes in L. lactis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Tarraran
- Structural and Functional Biochemistry, Laboratory of Proteomics and Metabolic Engineering of Prokaryotes, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara Gandini
- Structural and Functional Biochemistry, Laboratory of Proteomics and Metabolic Engineering of Prokaryotes, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Anna Luganini
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Roberto Mazzoli
- Structural and Functional Biochemistry, Laboratory of Proteomics and Metabolic Engineering of Prokaryotes, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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Hu B, Zhu M. Reconstitution of cellulosome: Research progress and its application in biorefinery. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2019; 66:720-730. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin‐Bin Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center of Biopharmaceuticals School of Biology and Biological Engineering South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center Panyu Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences Kunming People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Ming‐Jun Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center of Biopharmaceuticals School of Biology and Biological Engineering South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center Panyu Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- College of Life and Geographic Sciences Kashi University Kashi People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Ecology and Biological Resources in Yarkand Oasis at Colleges & Universities under the Department of Education of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Kashi University Kashi People's Republic of China
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Improved n-Butanol Production from Clostridium cellulovorans by Integrated Metabolic and Evolutionary Engineering. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:AEM.02560-18. [PMID: 30658972 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02560-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium cellulovorans DSM 743B offers potential as a chassis strain for biomass refining by consolidated bioprocessing (CBP). However, its n-butanol production from lignocellulosic biomass has yet to be demonstrated. This study demonstrates the construction of a coenzyme A (CoA)-dependent acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) pathway in C. cellulovorans by introducing adhE1 and ctfA-ctfB-adc genes from Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824, which enabled it to produce n-butanol using the abundant and low-cost agricultural waste of alkali-extracted, deshelled corn cobs (AECC) as the sole carbon source. Then, a novel adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) approach was adapted to strengthen the n-butanol tolerance of C. cellulovorans to fully utilize its n-butanol output potential. To further improve n-butanol production, both metabolic engineering and evolutionary engineering were combined, using the evolved strain as a host for metabolic engineering. The n-butanol production from AECC of the engineered C. cellulovorans was increased 138-fold, from less than 0.025 g/liter to 3.47 g/liter. This method represents a milestone toward n-butanol production by CBP, using a single recombinant clostridium strain. The engineered strain offers a promising CBP-enabling microbial chassis for n-butanol fermentation from lignocellulose.IMPORTANCE Due to a lack of genetic tools, Clostridium cellulovorans DSM 743B has not been comprehensively explored as a putative strain platform for n-butanol production by consolidated bioprocessing (CBP). Based on the previous study of genetic tools, strain engineering of C. cellulovorans for the development of a CBP-enabling microbial chassis was demonstrated in this study. Metabolic engineering and evolutionary engineering were integrated to improve the n-butanol production of C. cellulovorans from the low-cost renewable agricultural waste of alkali-extracted, deshelled corn cobs (AECC). The n-butanol production from AECC was increased 138-fold, from less than 0.025 g/liter to 3.47 g/liter, which represents the highest titer of n-butanol produced using a single recombinant clostridium strain by CBP reported to date. This engineered strain serves as a promising chassis for n-butanol production from lignocellulose by CBP.
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Shin SK, Hyeon JE, Joo YC, Jeong DW, You SK, Han SO. Effective melanin degradation by a synergistic laccase-peroxidase enzyme complex for skin whitening and other practical applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 129:181-186. [PMID: 30738166 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Melanin is major cause of dark skin, which is regarded as social status in eastern Asia. As a result, researchers in cosmetic industries are developing skin whitening agents. Melanin can be decolorized by many oxidative enzymes. Laccase (CueO) from Escherichia coli and dye-decolorizing peroxidase (DyP) from Bacillus subtilis were merged with the dockerin domain of endoglucanase B from Clostridium cellulovorans. Scaffoldin has great potential to exert structural benefits that enable complementary enzyme effects. The carbohydrate binding module (CBM) in scaffoldin was replaced with the melanin binding peptide (MBP) to increase melanin binding and thereby enhance melanin degradation. The modified scaffoldin exhibits a nearly 64% increase in specific binding to melanin over that of the native scaffoldin. Laccase was used to degrade melanin via the production of hydrogen peroxide, which produced synergistic activity with peroxidase. The activity of the optimized complex was approximately 6.4-fold greater than that of laccase alone. This enzyme complex can also reduce the number of melanin granules in corneocytes. Based on these results, a recombinant enzyme complex is suitable for use in melanin degradation by next generation whitening agents in the skin cosmetics industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Kyu Shin
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Hyeon
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Knowledge-Based Services Engineering, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Health & Wellness, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chul Joo
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Woon Jeong
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Kyou You
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ok Han
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Jeong DW, Hyeon JE, Joo YC, Shin SK, Han SO. Integration of Bacterial Expansin on Agarolytic Complexes to Enhance the Degrading Activity of Red Algae by Control of Gelling Properties. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 20:1-9. [PMID: 29151139 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-017-9782-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Expansin act by loosening hydrogen bonds in densely packed polysaccharides. This work characterizes the biological functions of expansin in the gelling and degradation of algal polysaccharides. In this study, the bacterial expansin BpEX from Bacillus pumilus was fused with the dockerin module of a cellulosome system for assembly with agarolytic complexes. The assembly of chimeric expansin caused an indicative enhancement in agarase activity. The enzymatic activities on agar substrate and natural biomass were 3.7-fold and 3.3-fold higher respectively than that of agarase as a single enzyme. To validate the effect on the agar degradation, the regulation potential of parameters related to gel rheology by bacterial expansin was experimentally investigated to indicate that the bacterial expansin lowered the gelling temperature and viscosity of agar. Thus, these results demonstrated the possibility of advancing more efficient strategies for utilizing agar as oligo sugar source in the biorefinery field that uses marine biomass as feedstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Woon Jeong
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Hyeon
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19702, USA
| | - Young-Chul Joo
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kyu Shin
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ok Han
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Rodriguez A, Strucko T, Stahlhut SG, Kristensen M, Svenssen DK, Forster J, Nielsen J, Borodina I. Metabolic engineering of yeast for fermentative production of flavonoids. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017. [PMID: 28634125 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was engineered for de novo production of six different flavonoids (naringenin, liquiritigenin, kaempferol, resokaempferol, quercetin, and fisetin) directly from glucose, without supplementation of expensive intermediates. This required reconstruction of long biosynthetic pathways, comprising up to eight heterologous genes from plants. The obtained titers of kaempferol 26.57±2.66mgL-1 and quercetin 20.38±2.57mgL-1 exceed the previously reported titers in yeast. This is also the first report of de novo biosynthesis of resokaempferol and fisetin in yeast. The work demonstrates the potential of flavonoid-producing yeast cell factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Rodriguez
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tomas Strucko
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Steen Gustav Stahlhut
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mette Kristensen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Daniel Killerup Svenssen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jochen Forster
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jens Nielsen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark; Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, SE412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Irina Borodina
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark.
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Nakajima D, Shibata T, Tanaka R, Kuroda K, Ueda M, Miyake H. Characterization of the cellulosomal scaffolding protein CbpC from Clostridium cellulovorans 743B. J Biosci Bioeng 2017; 124:376-380. [PMID: 28533157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Clostridium cellulovorans 743B, an anaerobic and mesophilic bacterium, produces an extracellular enzyme complex called the cellulosome on the cell surface. Recently, we have reported the whole genome sequence of C. cellulovorans, which revealed that a total of 4 cellulosomal scaffolding proteins: CbpA, HbpA, CbpB, and CbpC were encoded in the C. cellulovorans genome. In particular, cbpC encoded a 429-residue polypeptide that includes a carbohydrate-binding module (CBM), an S-layer homology module, and a cohesin. CbpC was also detected in the culture supernatant of C. cellulovorans. Genomic DNA coding for CbpC was subcloned into a pET-22b+ vector in order to express and produce the recombinant protein in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). Measurement of CbpC adsorption to crystalline cellulose indicated a dissociation constant of 0.60 μM, which is a similar to that of CBM from CbpA. We also subcloned the region encoding xylanase B (XynB) with the dockerin from C. cellulovorans and analyzed the interaction between XynB and CbpC by GST pull-down assay. It was observed that GST-CbpC assembles with XynB to form a minimal cellulosome. The activity of XynB against rice straw tended to be increased in the presence of CbpC. These results showed a synergistic effect on rice straw as a representative cellulosic biomass through the formation of a minimal cellulosome containing XynB bound to CbpC. Thus, our findings provide a foundation for the development of cellulosic biomass saccharification using a minimal cellulosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Nakajima
- Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Shibata
- Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Reiji Tanaka
- Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Kouichi Kuroda
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Ueda
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hideo Miyake
- Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; Life Science Research Center, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
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