1
|
Mattos de Oliveira Cruz L, Oliveira Menezes R, Salgado Duarte T, Camargo Bueno DA. Methods Influence in Surface Area Result from Polyurethane Used as Support Media. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:14766-14770. [PMID: 38585129 PMCID: PMC10993272 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
We evaluated if different measurement methods influence the surface area results from a polyurethane sponge used as support media in biofilm reactors. The surface area values are normally used to characterize and present advantages from supported medias. However, the methodology to determine it is barely discussed. We compared two specific surface area methodologies: Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and analysis of images obtained by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Specific surface area by BET was 93769.1 m2 m-3 (average); for SEM methodology, 10586.6 m2 m-3. The BET value was higher than expected in reality, and the SEM method result was more suitable and used as data input in a mathematical modeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luana Mattos de Oliveira Cruz
- School of Civil Engineering,
Architecture and Urban Planning − FECFAU, UNICAMP (University of Campinas). Avenida Albert Einstein, 951, Cidade Universitária
“Zeferino Vaz”, P.O. Box 6021, 13083-852 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Rosana Oliveira Menezes
- School of Civil Engineering,
Architecture and Urban Planning − FECFAU, UNICAMP (University of Campinas). Avenida Albert Einstein, 951, Cidade Universitária
“Zeferino Vaz”, P.O. Box 6021, 13083-852 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Tammy Salgado Duarte
- School of Civil Engineering,
Architecture and Urban Planning − FECFAU, UNICAMP (University of Campinas). Avenida Albert Einstein, 951, Cidade Universitária
“Zeferino Vaz”, P.O. Box 6021, 13083-852 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel Augusto Camargo Bueno
- School of Civil Engineering,
Architecture and Urban Planning − FECFAU, UNICAMP (University of Campinas). Avenida Albert Einstein, 951, Cidade Universitária
“Zeferino Vaz”, P.O. Box 6021, 13083-852 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xie Y, Jia M, De Wilde F, Daeninck K, De Clippeleir H, Verstraete W, Vlaeminck SE. Feasibility of packed-bed trickling filters for partial nitritation/anammox: Effects of carrier material, bottom ventilation openings, hydraulic loading rate and free ammonia. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 373:128713. [PMID: 36758644 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study pioneers the feasibility of cost-effective partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A) in packed-bed trickling filters (TFs). Three parallel TFs tested different carrier materials, the presence or absence of bottom ventilation openings, hydraulic loading rates (HLR, 0.4-2.2 m3 m-2 h-1), and free ammonia (FA) levels on synthetic medium. The inexpensive Argex expanded clay was recommended due to the similar nitrogen removal rates as commercially used plastics. Top-only ventilation at an optimum HLR of 1.8 m3 m-2 h-1 could remove approximately 60% of the total nitrogen load (i.e., 300 mg N L-1 d-1, 30 °C) and achieve relatively low NO3--N accumulation (13%). Likely FA levels of around 1.3-3.2 mg N L-1 suppressed nitratation. Most of the total nitrogen removal took place in the upper third of the reactor, where anammox activity was highest. Provided further optimizations, the results demonstrated TFs are suitable for low-energy shortcut nitrogen removal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yankai Xie
- Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL), Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, Antwerpen 2020, Belgium; State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Mingsheng Jia
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - Fabian De Wilde
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - Katrien Daeninck
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - Haydée De Clippeleir
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - Willy Verstraete
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Gent 9000, Belgium; Avecom NV, Industrieweg 122P, Wondelgem 9032, Belgium
| | - Siegfried E Vlaeminck
- Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL), Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, Antwerpen 2020, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tanikawa D, Kataoka T, Ueno T, Minami T, Motokawa D, Itoiri Y, Kimura ZI. Seeding the drainage canal of a wastewater treatment system for the natural rubber industry with rubber for the enhanced removal of organic matter and nitrogen. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 283:131233. [PMID: 34146874 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Current pretreatment methods for wastewater from natural rubber (NR) factories either have low rubber recovery efficiency or are costly to operate. A wastewater treatment system was developed that combines a pretreatment canal (PTC) seeded with rubber, an anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR), and a down-flow hanging sponge (DHS) reactor. The PTC is simple to implement and contributes to not only rubber recovery but also organic matter removal in the ABR and nitrogen removal in the DHS reactor. In experiments, the PTC recovered 16.6% of residual rubber through coagulation. The ABR increased the chemical oxygen demand removal efficiency and methane recovery compared with other anaerobic reactors treating raw NR wastewater. The DHS reactor removed 30.7% of total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) by nitrification, anaerobic ammonia oxidation and denitrification. Feeding the bottom stage of the DHS reactor with sodium acetate solution increased the TIN removal efficiency to 87.8%. The water quality of the final effluent achieved the Vietnamese standards for the NR industry. Microbial community analysis was performed to identify the dominant microorganisms and mechanisms in the PTC, ABR, and DHS reactor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Tanikawa
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National Institute of Technology (KOSEN), Kure College, P.C. 7378506, Kure, Japan.
| | - Taiki Kataoka
- Advanced Course, Project Design Engineering, National Institute of Technology (KOSEN), Kure College, P.C. 7378506, Kure, Japan
| | - Taichi Ueno
- Advanced Course, Project Design Engineering, National Institute of Technology (KOSEN), Kure College, P.C. 7378506, Kure, Japan
| | - Taisuke Minami
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National Institute of Technology (KOSEN), Kure College, P.C. 7378506, Kure, Japan
| | - Daisuke Motokawa
- Advanced Course, Project Design Engineering, National Institute of Technology (KOSEN), Kure College, P.C. 7378506, Kure, Japan
| | - Yuya Itoiri
- Advanced Course, Project Design Engineering, National Institute of Technology (KOSEN), Kure College, P.C. 7378506, Kure, Japan
| | - Zen-Ichiro Kimura
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National Institute of Technology (KOSEN), Kure College, P.C. 7378506, Kure, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yu C, Zhang X, Zhao S, Zhang W, Li X, Zhang L, Chen M, Lin D, You L. Sludge granulation and microbial activity in a stable CANON process by DO controlling and operating parameter optimization. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
5
|
Watari T, Vazquez CL, Hatamoto M, Yamaguchi T, van Lier JB. Development of a single-stage mainstream anammox process using a sponge-bed trickling filter. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 42:3036-3047. [PMID: 31987004 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1720309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonia oxidation to nitrogen gas using nitrite as the electron acceptor (anammox process) is considered a cost-effective solution for nitrogen removal after an anaerobic pre-treatment process. In this study, we conducted a laboratory-scale experiment to develop a single-stage partial nitritation-anammox process in a sponge-based trickling filter (STF) reactor, inoculated with anammox sludge, simulating the treatment of anaerobically pretreated concentrated domestic sewage without mechanical oxygen control. The influent ammonia concentration was 100 mg-N·L-1. The KLa of the STF reactor was higher than those observed for conventional activated sludge processes. The STF reactor performed at 89.8 ± 8.2% and 42.7 ± 16.9% ammonia and TN removal efficiency, respectively, with a nitrogen loading rate of 0.55 ± 0.20 kg-N·m-3·day-1 calculated based on sponge volume. Microbial community analysis of the STF-retained sludge indicated that both autotrophic and heterotrophic nitrogen removal occurred in the reactor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Watari
- Department of Civil and Environmental Systems Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Japan
- Environmental Engineering and Water Technology Department, UNESCO-IHE, Delft, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Carlos Lopez Vazquez
- Environmental Engineering and Water Technology Department, UNESCO-IHE, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Masashi Hatamoto
- Department of Civil and Environmental Systems Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamaguchi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Systems Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Japan
| | - Jules B van Lier
- Environmental Engineering and Water Technology Department, UNESCO-IHE, Delft, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Department of Water Management, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ya-Juan X, Jun-Yuan J, Ping Z, Lan W, Abbas G, Zhang J, Ru W, Zhan-Fei H. The effect and biological mechanism of granular sludge size on performance of autotrophic nitrogen removal system. Biodegradation 2018; 29:339-347. [PMID: 29855740 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-018-9836-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The autotrophic process for nitrogen removal has attracted worldwide attention in the field of wastewater treatment, and the performance of this process is greatly influenced by the size of granular sludge particles present in the system. In this work, the granular sludge was divided into three groups, i.e. large size (> 1.2 mm), medium size (0.6-1.2 mm) and small size (< 0.6 mm). The medium granular sludge was observed to dominate at high volumetric nitrogen loading rates, while offering strong support for good performance. Its indispensable contribution was found to originate from improved settling velocity (0.84 ± 0.10 cm/s), high SOUR-A (specific oxygen uptake rate for ammonia oxidizing bacteria, 25.93 mg O2/g MLVSS/h), low SOUR-N (specific oxygen uptake rate for nitrite oxidizing bacteria, 3.39 mg O2/g MLVSS/h), and a reasonable microbial spatial distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Ya-Juan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Ji Jun-Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| | - Zheng Ping
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Wang Lan
- Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture, Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ghulam Abbas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan
| | - Jiqiang Zhang
- Resources and Environment Department, Binzhou University, Binzhou, 256600, China
| | - Wang Ru
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - He Zhan-Fei
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sánchez Guillén J, Lopez Vazquez C, de Oliveira Cruz L, Brdjanovic D, van Lier J. Long-term performance of the Anammox process under low nitrogen sludge loading rate and moderate to low temperature. Biochem Eng J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|