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Kumar A. Dissolving pulp production: Cellulases and xylanases for the enhancement of cellulose accessibility and reactivity. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2019-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Dissolving pulps are high-grade cellulose pulps that have minimum amount of non-cellulosic impurities. Dissolving pulps are the basic source for the manufacturing of several cellulosic products such as viscose, lyocell, cellulose acetates, cellulose nitrates, carboxymethyl-cellulose, etc. Dissolving pulps are mainly manufactured by pre-hydrolysis kraft and acid sulphite pulping. A high reactivity of dissolving pulps is desirable for its eco-friendly utilization for several purposes. Several approaches including mechanical, chemical, ultrasonic, and enzymatic treatments have been employed for the improvement of pulp reactivity. This review mainly focussed on pulp reactivity improvement through enzymatic approaches. Cellulases and xylanase have been proved effective for the improvement of pulp reactivity of dissolving pulp from different sources. The different combinations of cellulase, xylanase, and mechanical refining have been tested and found more effective rather than the single one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology , College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Debre Markos University , Debre Markos , 269 Ethiopia
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Yang S, Yang B, Duan C, Fuller DA, Wang X, Chowdhury SP, Stavik J, Zhang H, Ni Y. Applications of enzymatic technologies to the production of high-quality dissolving pulp: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 281:440-448. [PMID: 30876797 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.02.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the worldwide production of dissolving pulp has grown rapidly. Enzymatic technologies play an important role in producing high-quality dissolving pulp, due to their green, mild conditions, high specificity and efficiency. In this review, the relevant publications regarding enzyme applications for dissolving pulp are summarized. Cellulase and xylanase are two major enzymes used for this purpose. Cellulase can improve the quality of dissolving pulp, such as improving the reactivity/accessibility, controlling the intrinsic viscosity and adjusting the molecular weight. Xylanase is mainly used to increase the purity of the dissolving pulp and improve the pulp brightness. Furthermore, in order to increase the enzymatic treatment efficiency, the enzymatic technology can be combined with other techniques, including mechanical refining, fiber fractionations, alkali treatment and use of additives. The advantages, disadvantages and practical implications are analyzed. Also, the potential of other enzymes (such as laccase, mannanase) are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, College of Paper Making Science and Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Limerick Pulp & Paper Centre & Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Bo Yang
- Limerick Pulp & Paper Centre & Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Chao Duan
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Darcy Alexandra Fuller
- Limerick Pulp & Paper Centre & Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Xinqi Wang
- Limerick Pulp & Paper Centre & Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada; College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Susmita Paul Chowdhury
- Limerick Pulp & Paper Centre & Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Jaroslav Stavik
- Schweighofer Fiber GmbH, Salzachtalstraße 88, Postfach 62, 5400 Hallein, Austria
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, College of Paper Making Science and Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yonghao Ni
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, College of Paper Making Science and Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Limerick Pulp & Paper Centre & Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada.
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Li J, Zhang S, Li H, Ouyang X, Huang L, Ni Y, Chen L. Cellulase pretreatment for enhancing cold caustic extraction-based separation of hemicelluloses and cellulose from cellulosic fibers. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 251:1-6. [PMID: 29253781 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The effective separations of cellulose and hemicelluloses from cellulosic fibers are the prerequisite for creating high-value to the abundant and green cellulose materials. In this study, the process concept of cellulase pretreatment, followed by a cold caustic extraction (CCE) was investigated for a softwood sulfite pulp. The results showed that the cellulase pretreatment led to favorable fiber morphological changes, including the increases of the specific surface area (SSA), pore volume and diameter, and the water retention value (WVR). These changes can induce more pronounced fiber swelling in the subsequent CCE process so that the hemicelluloses removal is enhanced. After the cellulase pretreatment (cellulase dosage of 1 mg/g) and CCE process, the cellulose purity was as high as 97.49%, while the hemicelluloses removal selectivity reached 76.42%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Li
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science & Technology of Ministry of Education/Shandong Province, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Shaokai Zhang
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Hailong Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada; Tianjin Key Lab of Pulp & Paper, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xinhua Ouyang
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Liulian Huang
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yonghao Ni
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Lihui Chen
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Li J, Hu H, Li H, Huang L, Chen L, Ni Y. Kinetics and mechanism of hemicelluloses removal from cellulosic fibers during the cold caustic extraction process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 234:61-66. [PMID: 28319774 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The effective separation of hemicelluloses and cellulose is desirable for the production of high-purity cellulose, which is a sustainable raw material for many value-added applications. For this purpose, the kinetics and mechanism of hemicelluloses removal from the cold caustic extraction (CCE) were investigated in the present study. The hemicelluloses removal process consists of: 1) the bulk phase, characteristic of significant hemicelluloses removal; 2) the transition phase, hemicelluloses transferring from the inner to the outer region of the fiber wall, with negligible overall hemicelluloses removal; 3) the residual phase, presenting a weak but continuing hemicelluloses removal. Furthermore, the enzymatic peeling method was adopted to study the fundamentals of hemicelluloses removal. The results showed that the molecular weight of hemicelluloses is the main parameter governing their diffusion/dissolution processes, and that the low molecular weight hemicelluloses are preferentially removed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Li
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada; Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science & Technology of Ministry of Education/Shandong Province, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Huichao Hu
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Hailong Li
- Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Liulian Huang
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lihui Chen
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yonghao Ni
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada.
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Duan C, Wang X, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Ni Y. Fractionation and cellulase treatment for enhancing the properties of kraft-based dissolving pulp. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 224:439-444. [PMID: 27815045 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.10.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate a combined process involving pulp fractionation and cellulase treatment of each fraction for improving the molecular weight distribution (MWD) and reactivity of a kraft-based dissolving pulp. Three pulp fractions, namely long-fiber, mid-fiber and short-fiber fractions (LF, MF and SF, respectively), were used as the substrates. The results showed that the SF had the highest accessibility, lowest viscosity, and highest cellulase adsorption capacity, while the opposite was true for the LF. At a given viscosity, the combined process led to a lower polydispersity index (3.71 vs 4.98) and a higher Fock reactivity (85.6% vs 76.3%), in comparison to the conventional single-stage cellulase treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Duan
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China; Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada.
| | - Xinqi Wang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - YanLing Zhang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Yongjian Xu
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Yonghao Ni
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China; Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada
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