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Mahdi HI, Ramlee NN, da Silva Duarte JL, Cheng YS, Selvasembian R, Amir F, de Oliveira LH, Wan Azelee NI, Meili L, Rangasamy G. A comprehensive review on nanocatalysts and nanobiocatalysts for biodiesel production in Indonesia, Malaysia, Brazil and USA. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 319:138003. [PMID: 36731678 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Biodiesel is an alternative to fossil-derived diesel with similar properties and several environmental benefits. Biodiesel production using conventional catalysts such as homogeneous, heterogeneous, or enzymatic catalysts faces a problem regarding catalysts deactivation after repeated reaction cycles. Heterogeneous nanocatalysts and nanobiocatalysts (enzymes) have shown better advantages due to higher activity, recyclability, larger surface area, and improved active sites. Despite a large number of studies on this subject, there are still challenges regarding its stability, recyclability, and scale-up processes for biodiesel production. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to review current modifications and role of nanocatalysts and nanobiocatalysts and also to observe effect of various parameters on biodiesel production. Nanocatalysts and nanobiocatalysts demonstrate long-term stability due to strong Brønsted-Lewis acidity, larger active spots and better accessibility leading to enhancethe biodiesel production. Incorporation of metal supporting positively contributes to shorten the reaction time and enhance the longer reusability. Furthermore, proper operating parameters play a vital role to optimize the biodiesel productivity in the commercial scale process due to higher conversion, yield and selectivity with the lower process cost. This article also analyses the relationship between different types of feedstocks towards the quality and quantity of biodiesel production. Crude palm oil is convinced as the most prospective and promising feedstock due to massive production, low cost, and easily available. It also evaluates key factors and technologies for biodiesel production in Indonesia, Malaysia, Brazil, and the USA as the biggest biodiesel production supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilman Ibnu Mahdi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin, 64002, Taiwan; Future Technology Research Center, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, 123 University Road, Section 3, Douliou, Yunlin, 64002, Taiwan.
| | - Nurfadhila Nasya Ramlee
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - José Leandro da Silva Duarte
- Laboratory of Applied Electrochemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, 57072-900, Brazil
| | - Yu-Shen Cheng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin, 64002, Taiwan; College of Future, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, 123 University Road, Section 3, Douliou, Yunlin, 64002, Taiwan
| | - Rangabhashiyam Selvasembian
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613401, India.
| | - Faisal Amir
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, 123 University Road, Section 3, Douliou, Yunlin, 64002, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Mercu Buana (UMB), Jl. Raya, RT.4/RW.1, Meruya Sel., Kec. Kembangan, Jakarta, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta, 11650, Indonesia
| | - Leonardo Hadlich de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Adsorption and Ion Exchange (LATI), Chemical Engineering Department (DEQ), State University of Maringá, Maringá (UEM), 5790 Colombo Avenue, Zone 7, 87020-900, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Nur Izyan Wan Azelee
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), UTM Skudai, 81310, Skudai Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Lucas Meili
- Laboratory of Processes (LAPRO), Center of Technology, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus A. C. Simões, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, Tabuleiro Dos Martins, 57072-970, Maceió, AL, Brazil.
| | - Gayathri Rangasamy
- School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon; Department of Sustainable Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India.
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Feng W, Tie X, Duan X, Yan S, Fang S, Wang T, Sun P, Gan L. Polymer functionalization of biochar-based heterogeneous catalyst with acid-base bifunctional catalytic activity for conversion of the insect lipid into biodiesel. ARAB J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
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Bin Rashid A. Utilization of Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials in Biodiesel Production and Property Enhancement. JOURNAL OF NANOMATERIALS 2023; 2023:1-14. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/7054045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
In today’s world, the applications of nanotechnology and nanomaterials are attracting interest in a wide variety of study domains because of their appealing qualities. The use of nanotechnology and nanomaterials in biodiesel processing and manufacturing is a focus of research globally. For accelerating the progress and development of biodiesel production, more focus is being given to the application of advanced nanotechnology for maximum yield in low cost. Hence, this paper will discuss the utilization of numerous nanomaterials/nanocatalysts for biodiesel synthesis from multiple feedstocks. This study will also focus on nanomaterials’ applications in algae cultivation and lipid extraction. Furthermore, the current study will comprehensively overview the nanoadditives blended biodiesel in diesel engines and the significant challenges and future opportunities. Moreover, this paper will also focus on human and environmental safety concerns of nanotechnology-based large-scale biodiesel production. Hence, this review will provide perception for future manufacturers, researchers, and academicians into the extent of research in nanotechnology and nanomaterials assisted biodiesel production and its efficiency enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adib Bin Rashid
- Department of Industrial and Production Engineering, Military Institute of Science and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Optimization of combustion characteristics of novel hydrodynamic cavitation based waste cooking oil biodiesel fueled CI engine. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-023-05284-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe increment in the usage of automobiles is resulting in increased greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions continuously and there is a substantial need to reduce them effectively. The present research work investigates the emission behavior of waste cooking oil biodiesel doped with CuO nanoparticles during testing in Compression Ignition (CI) engines. This investigation is based on the effective emission reduction analysis emitted by diesel fuel during experimentation on CI engines. It suggests a cost effective modification of biodiesel as a fuel prepared from waste cooking oil (WCO) by a novel hydrodynamic cavitation technique which includes the hydrodynamic cavitation reaction mixture composed of 1.28 L of methanol and 10 g KOH and 5 L of preheated WCO at 45 °C in the cavitation reactor for 40 min. These reactants are synthesized utilizing the principle of cavitation and the final manufactured esterified oil is authenticated with ASTM Standard property measurement for suitability check. In the research work, two different investigations are carried out. In the first one, WCO biodiesel-diesel blends of 0, 30, and 100% (B0, B30, B100) ratio are prepared and the emission characteristics have investigated at 1500 rpm constant speed with varying load and indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP). In the second investigation, the emission suitable blend B30 is doped with CuO nanoparticles, keeping other parameters as per the previous setup, the emission characteristics investigated for the second one. For precise results, more experimental trials are needed to achieve this decrease in the emission of harmful gases. Using an amalgamation of L9 Taguchi and response surface methodology (RSM) the maximum emission control with a minimum number of experimental trials is achieved. The first investigation includes the predefined predictors as A (blend), B (load), and C (IMEP), where blends (0 ≤ A ≤ 100%), load (0 ≤ B ≤ 12 kg), IMEP (3.5 ≤ C ≤ 7.5 bar) are controllable features. Optimization process resulted into a minimum emission of CO, CO2, and NOx by appertaining the condemnatory merger of inputs such as blend B0 (Diesel), load 12 kg, and IMEP 3.48 bar in the first investigation, which has resulted into 0.08 ppm CO, 0.6 ppm CO2 and 30 ppm NOx emission. Taguchi analysis-based second experimental investigation includes the predefined predictors as A (CuO), B (load), and C (IMEP), including nanoparticles CuO in blend B30, and the prognosticated results of optimization are 0.03 ppm CO, 0.3 ppm CO2 and 21 ppm NOx emission. In current investigation, the percentage reduction is found to be 92.3%, 94.82%, and 96% compared to the emission of diesel in CO, CO2 and NOx gases, respectively. The coefficient of determination is almost equal to 1, which reveals the chosen optimization technique is very accurate in prediction. The investigation has provided suitable minimum emission characteristics in a cost-effective way.
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Yadav D, Datta S, Saha S, Pradhan S, Kumari S, Gupta PK, Chauhan V, Saw SK, Sahu G. Heterogeneous Nanocatalyst for Biodiesel Synthesis. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deshal Yadav
- Gasification and Catalysis Research Group CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, PO-FRI Dhanbad Jharkhand India- 828108 https://cimfr.nic.in/upload_files/staff_members_divisions/attachment/1633072898_Gajanan_Sahu_Bio_Data.pdf
| | - Sudipta Datta
- Gasification and Catalysis Research Group CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, PO-FRI Dhanbad Jharkhand India- 828108 https://cimfr.nic.in/upload_files/staff_members_divisions/attachment/1633072898_Gajanan_Sahu_Bio_Data.pdf
| | - Sujan Saha
- Gasification and Catalysis Research Group CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, PO-FRI Dhanbad Jharkhand India- 828108 https://cimfr.nic.in/upload_files/staff_members_divisions/attachment/1633072898_Gajanan_Sahu_Bio_Data.pdf
| | - Subhalaxmi Pradhan
- Division of Chemistry SBAS Galgotias University Greater Noida Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Shweta Kumari
- Gasification and Catalysis Research Group CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, PO-FRI Dhanbad Jharkhand India- 828108 https://cimfr.nic.in/upload_files/staff_members_divisions/attachment/1633072898_Gajanan_Sahu_Bio_Data.pdf
| | - Pavan Kumar Gupta
- Gasification and Catalysis Research Group CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, PO-FRI Dhanbad Jharkhand India- 828108 https://cimfr.nic.in/upload_files/staff_members_divisions/attachment/1633072898_Gajanan_Sahu_Bio_Data.pdf
| | - Vishal Chauhan
- Gasification and Catalysis Research Group CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, PO-FRI Dhanbad Jharkhand India- 828108 https://cimfr.nic.in/upload_files/staff_members_divisions/attachment/1633072898_Gajanan_Sahu_Bio_Data.pdf
| | - Shiva Kumar Saw
- Gasification and Catalysis Research Group CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, PO-FRI Dhanbad Jharkhand India- 828108 https://cimfr.nic.in/upload_files/staff_members_divisions/attachment/1633072898_Gajanan_Sahu_Bio_Data.pdf
| | - Gajanan Sahu
- Gasification and Catalysis Research Group CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, PO-FRI Dhanbad Jharkhand India- 828108 https://cimfr.nic.in/upload_files/staff_members_divisions/attachment/1633072898_Gajanan_Sahu_Bio_Data.pdf
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Maroa S, Inambao F. A review of sustainable biodiesel production using biomass derived heterogeneous catalysts. Eng Life Sci 2021; 21:790-824. [PMID: 34899118 PMCID: PMC8638282 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202100025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of biodiesel through chemical production processes of transesterification reaction depends on suitable catalysts to hasten the chemical reactions. Therefore, the initial selection of catalysts is critical although it is also dependent on the quantity of free fatty acids in a given sample of oil. Earlier forms of biodiesel production processes relied on homogeneous catalysts, which have undesirable effects such as toxicity, high flammability, corrosion, by-products such as soap and glycerol, and high wastewater. Heterogeneous catalysts overcome most of these problems. Recent developments involve novel approaches using biomass and bio-waste resource derived heterogeneous catalysts. These catalysts are renewable, non-toxic, reusable, offer high catalytic activity and stability in both acidic and base conditions, and show high tolerance properties to water. This review work critically reviews biomass-based heterogeneous catalysts, especially those utilized in sustainable production of biofuel and biodiesel. This review examines the sustainability of these catalysts in literature in terms of small-scale laboratory and industrial applications in large-scale biodiesel and biofuel production. Furthermore, this work will critically review natural heterogeneous biomass waste and bio-waste catalysts in relation to upcoming nanotechnologies. Finally, this work will review the gaps identified in the literature for heterogeneous catalysts derived from biomass and other biocatalysts with a view to identifying future prospects for heterogeneous catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semakula Maroa
- College of Agriculture Science and EngineeringDiscipline of Mechanical EngineeringGreen Energy GroupUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalDurbanSouth Africa
| | - Freddie Inambao
- College of Agriculture Science and EngineeringDiscipline of Mechanical EngineeringGreen Energy GroupUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalDurbanSouth Africa
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A Short Review on Catalyst, Feedstock, Modernised Process, Current State and Challenges on Biodiesel Production. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11111261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodiesel, comprising mono alkyl fatty acid esters or methyl ethyl esters, is an encouraging option to fossil fuels or diesel produced from petroleum; it has comparable characteristics and its use has the potential to diminish carbon dioxide production and greenhouse gas emissions. Manufactured from recyclable and sustainable feedstocks, e.g., oils originating from vegetation, biodiesel has biodegradable properties and has no toxic impact on ecosystems. The evolution of biodiesel has been precipitated by the continuing environmental damage created by the deployment of fossil fuels. Biodiesel is predominantly synthesised via transesterification and esterification procedures. These involve a number of key constituents, i.e., the feedstock and catalytic agent, the proportion of methanol to oil, the circumstances of the reaction and the product segregation and purification processes. Elements that influence the yield and standard of the obtained biodiesel encompass the form and quantity of the feedstock and reaction catalyst, the proportion of alcohol to feedstock, the temperature of the reaction, and its duration. Contemporary research has evaluated the output of biodiesel reactors in terms of energy production and timely biodiesel manufacture. In order to synthesise biodiesel for industrial use efficaciously, it is essential to acknowledge the technological advances that have significant potential in this sector. The current paper therefore offers a review of contemporary progress, feedstock categorisation, and catalytic agents for the manufacture of biodiesel and production reactors, together with modernised processing techniques. The production reactor, form of catalyst, methods of synthesis, and feedstock standards are additionally subjects of discourse so as to detail a comprehensive setting pertaining to the chemical process. Numerous studies are ongoing in order to develop increasingly efficacious techniques for biodiesel manufacture; these acknowledge the use of solid catalytic agents and non-catalytic supercritical events. This review appraises the contemporary situation with respect to biodiesel production in a range of contexts. The spectrum of techniques for the efficacious manufacture of biodiesel encompasses production catalysed by homogeneous or heterogeneous enzymes or promoted by microwave or ultrasonic technologies. A description of the difficulties to be surmounted going forward in the sector is presented.
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8
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Tran NN, Tišma M, Budžaki S, McMurchie EJ, Ngothai Y, Morales Gonzalez OM, Hessel V. Production of Biodiesel from Recycled Grease Trap Waste: A Review. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c02496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nam Nghiep Tran
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Can Tho University, Can Tho 90000, Vietnam
| | - Marina Tišma
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia
| | - Sandra Budžaki
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia
| | - Edward J. McMurchie
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Yung Ngothai
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Olivia Maria Morales Gonzalez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Volker Hessel
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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Dawood S, Koyande AK, Ahmad M, Mubashir M, Asif S, Klemeš JJ, Bokhari A, Saqib S, Lee M, Qyyum MA, Show PL. Synthesis of biodiesel from non-edible (Brachychiton populneus) oil in the presence of nickel oxide nanocatalyst: Parametric and optimisation studies. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 278:130469. [PMID: 33839393 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study defines a novel green method for the synthesis of the nickel oxide nanocatalyst by using an aqueous latex extract of the Ficus elastic. The catalyst was examined for the conversion of novel Brachychiton populneus seed oil (BPSO) into biodiesel. The Brachychiton populneus seeds have a higher oil content (41 wt%) and free fatty acid value (3.8 mg KOH/g). The synthesised green nanocatalyst was examined by the Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-Ray (EDX) spectroscopy, X-Ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The obtained results show that the synthesised green nanocatalyst was 22-26 nm in diameter and spherical-cubic in shape with a higher rate of catalytic efficiency. It was utilised further for the conversion of BPSO into biofuel. Due to the high free fatty acid value, the biodiesel was synthesised by the two-step process, i.e., pretreatment of the BPSO by means of acid esterification and then followed by the transesterification reaction. The acidic catalyst (H2SO4) was used for the pretreatment of BPSO. The optimum condition for the transesterification of the pretreated BPSO was 1:9 of oil-methanol molar ratio, 2.5 wt % of prepared nanocatalyst concentration and 85 °C of reaction temperature corresponding to the highest biodiesel yield of 97.5 wt%. The synthesised biodiesel was analysed by the FT-IR and GC-MS technique to determine the chemical composition of fatty acid methyl esters. Fuel properties of Brachychiton populneus seed oil biodiesel (BPSOB) were also examined, compared, and it falls in the prescribed range of ASTM standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumreen Dawood
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Apurav Krishna Koyande
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham, Malaysia, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mubashir
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Computing, Engineering & Technology, School of Engineering, Asia Pacific University of Technology and Innovation, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Saira Asif
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Botany, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, 46300, Pakistan
| | - Jiří Jaromír Klemeš
- Sustainable Process Integration Laboratory, SPIL, NETME Centre, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, VUT Brno, Technická 2896/2, 616 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Awais Bokhari
- Sustainable Process Integration Laboratory, SPIL, NETME Centre, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, VUT Brno, Technická 2896/2, 616 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Chemical Engineering Department, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Lahore, Punjab, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Saqib
- Chemical Engineering Department, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Lahore, Punjab, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Moonyong Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Abdul Qyyum
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749, Republic of Korea.
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham, Malaysia, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Abdul Hakim Shaah M, Hossain MS, Salem Allafi FA, Alsaedi A, Ismail N, Ab Kadir MO, Ahmad MI. A review on non-edible oil as a potential feedstock for biodiesel: physicochemical properties and production technologies. RSC Adv 2021; 11:25018-25037. [PMID: 35481051 PMCID: PMC9037048 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04311k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing concern regarding alleviating world energy demand by determining an alternative to petroleum-derived fuels due to the rapid depletion of fossil fuels, rapid population growth, and urbanization. Biodiesel can be utilized as an alternative fuel to petroleum-derived diesel for the combustion engine. At present, edible crops are the primary source of biodiesel production. However, the excessive utilization of these edible crops for large-scale biodiesel production might cause food supply depletion and economic imbalance. Moreover, the utilization of edible oil as a biodiesel feedstock increases biodiesel production costs due to the high price of edible oils. A possible solution to overcome the existing limitations of biodiesel production is to utilize non-edible crops oil as a feedstock. The present study was conducted to determine the possibility and challenges of utilizing non-edible oil as a potential feedstock for biodiesel production. Several aspects related to non-edible oil as a biodiesel feedstock such as overview of biodiesel feedstocks, non-edible oil resources, non-edible oil extraction technology, its physicochemical and fatty acid properties, biodiesel production technologies, advantages and limitation of using non-edible oil as a feedstock for biodiesel production have been reviewed in various recent publications. The finding of the present study reveals that there is a huge opportunity to utilize non-edible oil as a feedstock for biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan Abdul Hakim Shaah
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia 11800 USM Penang Malaysia +6046533678 +6046532216 +6046532214
| | - Md Sohrab Hossain
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia 11800 USM Penang Malaysia +6046533678 +6046532216 +6046532214
| | - Faisal Aboelksim Salem Allafi
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia 11800 USM Penang Malaysia +6046533678 +6046532216 +6046532214
| | - Alyaa Alsaedi
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia 11800 USM Penang Malaysia +6046533678 +6046532216 +6046532214
| | - Norli Ismail
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia 11800 USM Penang Malaysia +6046533678 +6046532216 +6046532214
| | - Mohd Omar Ab Kadir
- Pultex Sdn Bhd Jalan Kampung Jawa, Bayan Baru 11950 Bayan Lepas Penang Malaysia
| | - Mardiana Idayu Ahmad
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia 11800 USM Penang Malaysia +6046533678 +6046532216 +6046532214
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Oke EO, Adeyi O, Okolo BI, Ude CJ, Adeyi JA, Salam KK, Nwokie U, Nzeribe I. Heterogeneously catalyzed biodiesel production from Azadiricha Indica oil: Predictive modelling with uncertainty quantification, experimental optimization and techno-economic analysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 332:125141. [PMID: 33862384 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study presents predictive modelling with uncertainty analysis, optimization and techno-economic feasibility of Bio-catalyzed Biodiesel Production from Azidirica Indica Oil (BCBPAIO). Central Composite Design (CCD) predictive model and optimum conditions for BCBPAIO were developed in Design Expert software. The model uncertainty analysis was performed using Monte Carlo simulation. The BCBPAIO simulation and economic analysis were conducted in ASPEN Batch Process Developer V10. The correlation coefficient (R2) and adjusted R2 value of the CCD model were 0.9922 and 0.9780 respectively. CCD model certainty gave 73.51% with 100,000 trials; the oil transesterification optimum conditions gave 87.04% conversion with 3.62 wt% of catalysts; and methanol to oil molar ratio of 8:1 at 59 °C for 4 h. The annual production cost, total capital investment, payback time and internal rate of returns are $ 3537105, $ 5243784, 2.67 and 43% respectively. This study shows that the production is profitably feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- E O Oke
- Chemical Engineering Department, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria
| | - O Adeyi
- Chemical Engineering Department, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria
| | - B I Okolo
- Chemical Engineering Department, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria
| | - C J Ude
- Chemical Engineering Department, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria
| | - J A Adeyi
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - K K Salam
- Chemical Engineering Department, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.
| | - Ugochukwu Nwokie
- Chemical Engineering Department, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria
| | - I Nzeribe
- Chemical Engineering Department, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria
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Wang A, Quan W, Zhang H, Li H, Yang S. Heterogeneous ZnO-containing catalysts for efficient biodiesel production. RSC Adv 2021; 11:20465-20478. [PMID: 35479877 PMCID: PMC9033949 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03158a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodiesel is one of the main biofuels used to replace fossil resources, and is mainly produced from esterification and transesterification of fatty acids and oils catalyzed by acids, bases or enzymes. Among the existing catalysts, metal oxides and their derivatives play an important role because of their high catalytic activity and low cost. ZnO is a metal oxide and its related nanomaterials are easy to prepare, which gives ZnO superior reactivity and extensive applications. Suitably modified ZnO nanomaterials typically have high specific surface areas, suitable pore sizes, and enhanced catalytic performance in the production of biodiesel. The present review introduces the application progress of ZnO catalysts in biodiesel preparation. The current shortcomings and future challenges of the basic heterogeneous catalytic systems for biodiesel production are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anping Wang
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Area and Protection of Ecological Environment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University Guiyang Guizhou 550025 China +86 851 8829 2170 +86 851 8829 2171
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for Research & Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University Guiyang Guizhou 550025 China
| | - Wenxuan Quan
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Area and Protection of Ecological Environment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University Guiyang Guizhou 550025 China +86 851 8829 2170 +86 851 8829 2171
| | - Heng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for Research & Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University Guiyang Guizhou 550025 China
| | - Hu Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for Research & Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University Guiyang Guizhou 550025 China
| | - Song Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for Research & Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University Guiyang Guizhou 550025 China
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13
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Evaluation on feedstock, technologies, catalyst and reactor for sustainable biodiesel production: A review. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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14
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Rehman A, Noor T, Hussain A, Iqbal N, Jahan Z. Role of Catalysis in Biofuels Production Process – A Review. CHEMBIOENG REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cben.202000040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Rehman
- National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME) Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Tayyaba Noor
- National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME) Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Arshad Hussain
- National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME) Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Naseem Iqbal
- National University of Sciences and Technology U.S.-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (USPCAS-E) Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Zaib Jahan
- National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME) Islamabad Pakistan
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15
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Bharti MK, Chalia S, Thakur P, Sridhara SN, Thakur A, Sharma PB. Nanoferrites heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production from soybean and canola oil: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS 2021; 19:3727-3746. [PMID: 33967660 PMCID: PMC8094988 DOI: 10.1007/s10311-021-01247-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fossil fuel depletion and pollution are calling for alternative, renewable energies such as biofuels. Actual challenges include the design of efficient processes and catalysts to convert various feedstocks into biofuels. Here, we review nanoferrites heterogeneous catalysts to produce biodiesel from soybean and canola oil. For that, transesterification is the main synthesis route and offers simplicity, cost-effectiveness, better process control, and high conversion yield. Catalysis with nanoferrites and composites allow to obtain yields higher than 95% conversion with less than 5.0 wt.% of catalyst loading at 80 °C in 1-2 h. More than 90% conversion yields can be achieved with a moderate alcohol/oil molar ratio, i.e., between 12:1 to 16:1. Catalyst recovery is easy due to the magnetic properties of nanoferrite, which can be effectively reused up to 4 times with less than 10% loss of catalytic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar Bharti
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram, Haryana 122413 India
| | - Sonia Chalia
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram, Haryana 122413 India
| | - Preeti Thakur
- Department of Physics, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram, Haryana 122413 India
| | - S. N. Sridhara
- Hindustan University of Technology and Science, Tamil Nadu, Chennai, 603103 India
| | - Atul Thakur
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram, Haryana 122413 India
| | - P. B. Sharma
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram, Haryana 122413 India
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16
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A Comprehensive Review on Oil Extraction and Biodiesel Production Technologies. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13020788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dependence on fossil fuels for meeting the growing energy demand is damaging the world’s environment. There is a dire need to look for alternative fuels that are less potent to greenhouse gas emissions. Biofuels offer several advantages with less harmful effects on the environment. Biodiesel is synthesized from the organic wastes produced extensively like edible, non-edible, microbial, and waste oils. This study reviews the feasibility of the state-of-the-art feedstocks for sustainable biodiesel synthesis such as availability, and capacity to cover a significant proportion of fossil fuels. Biodiesel synthesized from oil crops, vegetable oils, and animal fats are the potential renewable carbon-neutral substitute to petroleum fuels. This study concludes that waste oils with higher oil content including waste cooking oil, waste palm oil, and algal oil are the most favorable feedstocks. The comparison of biodiesel production and parametric analysis is done critically, which is necessary to come up with the most appropriate feedstock for biodiesel synthesis. Since the critical comparison of feedstocks along with oil extraction and biodiesel production technologies has never been done before, this will help to direct future researchers to use more sustainable feedstocks for biodiesel synthesis. This study concluded that the use of third-generation feedstocks (wastes) is the most appropriate way for sustainable biodiesel production. The use of innovative costless oil extraction technologies including supercritical and microwave-assisted transesterification method is recommended for oil extraction.
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17
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Naveenkumar R, Baskar G. Process optimization, green chemistry balance and technoeconomic analysis of biodiesel production from castor oil using heterogeneous nanocatalyst. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 320:124347. [PMID: 33160213 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, zinc doped calcium oxide was used as a nanocatalyst for biodiesel production from castor oil. The optimal conditions of biodiesel conversion and green chemistry balance were obtained with response surface methodology. Five green chemistry parameters like carbon efficiency, atom economy, reaction mass efficiency, stoichiometric factor and environmental factor were optimized. The sustainable biodiesel yield 84.9% and green chemistry balance 0.902 was achieved at methanol to oil molar ratio 10.5:1, temperature 57 °C, time 70 min, and catalyst concentration 2.15%. The synthesized biodiesel was characterized by GCMS and FTIR, and physic-chemical properties were determined. Based on experimental study annually 20.3 million kg capacity plant was simulated using SuperPro designer. The sensitivity analysis of oil purchase cost and biodiesel selling price on ROI, payback period, IRR and NPV were investigated. The optimization and technoeconomic analysis provided a sustainable platform for commercial based biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Naveenkumar
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Joseph's College of Engineering, Chennai 600119. India
| | - G Baskar
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Joseph's College of Engineering, Chennai 600119. India.
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18
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Rezki B, Essamlali Y, Aadil M, Semlal N, Zahouily M. Biodiesel production from rapeseed oil and low free fatty acid waste cooking oil using a cesium modified natural phosphate catalyst. RSC Adv 2020; 10:41065-41077. [PMID: 35519180 PMCID: PMC9057709 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07711a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study focuses on the catalytic activity of cesium modified natural phosphate in biodiesel production from rapeseed oil and low free fatty acids (FFA) used in cooking oil. The catalyst was prepared by impregnation of cesium chloride (CsCl) on the natural phosphate followed by calcination up to 800 °C. The phosphate based catalyst was thermally, structurally, morphologically, and texturally characterized in order to determinate the relationship between its physicochemical properties and its catalytic activity. The chosen catalyst was demonstrated to be an active catalyst for the transesterification of rapeseed oil achieving a biodiesel yield of 99.55% under suitable reaction conditions: a methanol to oil molar ratio of 12 : 1, reaction temperature of 70 °C, catalyst amount of 4 wt% based on oil weight and reaction time of 6 h. Results from low FFA waste cooking oil transesterification indicated that a methyl esters yield of 99.52% could be obtained. Furthermore, results from esterification/transesterification of acidified rapeseed oil indicate that a yield of 93% may be obtained, thus giving rise to a potential application in 2nd generation biodiesel production from low acidic oils. Some important physicochemical properties of the obtained biodiesel were evaluated and compared with the EN14214 and ASTM D-6751 standards for biodiesel specifications. Cesium modified natural phosphate was investigated as a catalyst in biodiesel production from rapeseed oil and low free fatty acids used in cooking oil.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Boutaina Rezki
- Laboratoire de Matériaux, Catalyse & Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles, URAC 24, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Hassan II Casablanca B.P. 146 20650 Morocco
| | - Younes Essamlali
- MAScIR Foundation, VARENA Center Rabat Design, Rue Mohamed El Jazouli, Madinat Al Irfane Rabat 10100 Morocco
| | - Mina Aadil
- Laboratoire de Matériaux, Catalyse & Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles, URAC 24, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Hassan II Casablanca B.P. 146 20650 Morocco
| | - Nawal Semlal
- Innovation Team, OCP S.A. El Jadida BP 118 Morocco
| | - Mohamed Zahouily
- Laboratoire de Matériaux, Catalyse & Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles, URAC 24, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Hassan II Casablanca B.P. 146 20650 Morocco .,MAScIR Foundation, VARENA Center Rabat Design, Rue Mohamed El Jazouli, Madinat Al Irfane Rabat 10100 Morocco
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19
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Mani Y, Devaraj T, Devaraj K, AbdurRawoof SA, Subramanian S. Experimental investigation of biodiesel production from Madhuca longifolia seed through in situ transesterification and its kinetics and thermodynamic studies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:36450-36462. [PMID: 32562223 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09626-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present investigation aims to develop simultaneous extraction and conversion of inedible Madhuca longifolia seed oil into biodiesel by one-step acid-catalyzed in situ transesterification/reactive extraction process. Six different types of pretreatment were used to assess maximum yield of biodiesel. The maximum yield of 96% biodiesel was acquired with ultrasonic pretreatment at 1% moisture content, 0.61 mm seed grain size, 55 °C temperature, 400 rpm stirring speed, 15 wt% catalyst (H2SO4) concentration, and with 1:35 seed oil to methanol ratio in a time period of 180 min. This reaction kinetics precedes first order also the finest value of rate constant and activation energy were calculated as 0.003 min-1 and 14.840 kJ mol-1. The thermodynamic energy properties ΔG, ΔH, and ΔS are computed as 96457.172 J/mol, 12121.812 J/mol K, and - 257.12 J/mol K correspondingly. The enumerated outcome illustrates a heat absorb non-spontaneous/endergonic and endothermal reaction. The result of proposed work unveils ultrasonic pretreatment escalates the biodiesel efficiency and reactive extraction exemplifies the clean, cost-effective single-step approach for production of biodiesel from non-edible sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuvarani Mani
- Department of Applied Science & Technology, Alagappa College of Technology, Anna University, Chennai, 600025, India
| | - Thiruselvi Devaraj
- Department of Applied Science & Technology, Alagappa College of Technology, Anna University, Chennai, 600025, India
| | - Kubendran Devaraj
- Department of Applied Science & Technology, Alagappa College of Technology, Anna University, Chennai, 600025, India
| | - Salma Aathika AbdurRawoof
- Department of Applied Science & Technology, Alagappa College of Technology, Anna University, Chennai, 600025, India
| | - Sivanesan Subramanian
- Department of Applied Science & Technology, Alagappa College of Technology, Anna University, Chennai, 600025, India.
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20
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Gholipour Zanjani N, Kamran Pirzaman A, Yazdanian E. Biodiesel production in the presence of heterogeneous catalyst of alumina: Study of kinetics and thermodynamics. INT J CHEM KINET 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.21363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Arash Kamran Pirzaman
- Faculty of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of Mazandaran Behshahr Iran
| | - Elmira Yazdanian
- Faculty of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of Mazandaran Behshahr Iran
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21
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Mapossa AB, Dantas J, Silva MR, Kiminami RH, Costa ACF, Daramola MO. Catalytic performance of NiFe2O4 and Ni0.3Zn0.7Fe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles during biodiesel production. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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22
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Kalavathy G, Baskar G. Synergism of clay with zinc oxide as nanocatalyst for production of biodiesel from marine Ulva lactuca. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 281:234-238. [PMID: 30825826 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.02.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, Ulva lactuca, a marine macroalgae was used for the production of biodiesel. The ultrasound assisted extraction of oil from autoclaved algal biomass was found effective with maximum yield. The maximum oil was extracted at optimal conditions of 5% moisture content of algal biomass, 0.15 mm size of biomass, 6:1 solvent: solid ratio, at 55 °C in 140 min. The n-hexane with co-solvent methyl tertbutyl ether has shown higher oil when compared to other co-solvents. The extracted oil was transesterified into biodiesel using silica doped with zinc oxide as novel heterogeneous nanocatalyst. The maximum biodiesel yield of 97.43% was obtained at optimized conditions of 800 °C calcination temperature, 8% catalyst concentration, 9:1 methanol to oil ratio, 55 °C reaction temperature and 50 min reaction time. The kinetics of the transesterification reaction was also studied. The Ulva lactuca was found as a potential source for biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kalavathy
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Joseph's College of Engineering, Chennai 6000119, India
| | - G Baskar
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Joseph's College of Engineering, Chennai 6000119, India.
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23
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Banka S, Parikh SP. Nonedible oil biodiesels: The cutting‐edge future of renewable energy in India. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.2310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samidha Banka
- Chemical Engineering DepartmentGujarat Technological University Ahmedabad India
| | - Sachin P. Parikh
- Chemical Engineering DepartmentGujarat Technological University Ahmedabad India
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24
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Munir M, Ahmad M, Waseem A, Zafar M, Saeed M, Wakeel A, Nazish M, Sultana S. Scanning electron microscopy leads to identification of novel nonedible oil seeds as energy crops. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 82:1165-1173. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mamoona Munir
- Biodiesel Lab, Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Biodiesel Lab, Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Amir Waseem
- Analytical Lab, Department of ChemistryQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Biodiesel Lab, Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saeed
- Analytical Lab, Department of ChemistryQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Aneela Wakeel
- Department of Metallurgy and Material EngineeringUniversity of Engineering & Technology Taxila Pakistan
| | - Moona Nazish
- Biodiesel Lab, Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Shazia Sultana
- Biodiesel Lab, Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
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25
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Gurusamy S, Kulanthaisamy MR, Hari DG, Veleeswaran A, Thulasinathan B, Muthuramalingam JB, Balasubramani R, Chang SW, Arasu MV, Al-Dhabi NA, Selvaraj A, Alagarsamy A. Environmental friendly synthesis of TiO 2-ZnO nanocomposite catalyst and silver nanomaterilas for the enhanced production of biodiesel from Ulva lactuca seaweed and potential antimicrobial properties against the microbial pathogens. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 193:118-130. [PMID: 30849710 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
TiO2-ZnO heterogeneous catalytic system provides a good replacement of a homogeneous catalytic reaction due to its easier recovery. In this study, biodiesel was produced from Ulva lactuca seaweeds using TiO2-ZnO nanocomposite catalysts with particle size of ~12 nm. The size controlled TiO2-ZnO nanocomposite was characterized by powder XRD analysis and TEM. The result of that TiO2-ZnO catalyst is a promising catalyst for the production of biodiesel under mild reaction conditions and high yield of hydroxydecanoic acid conversion of 82.8%. The various conditions optimized for the higher conversion to FAME (15.8 ml of FAME) were 4 wt% catalysts at 4 h under 60 °C and further there is no increase of conversion to FAME above 60 °C-80 °C. The total product yield was calculated as 82.8% of conversion to FAME. The evaluated biodiesel was found to be up to the mark of ASTM standards. The silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized by using leftover biomass of algae obtaining after lipid extraction of U.lactuca. AgNPs particle size was achieved as ~12 nm and was confirmed by UV-Visible spectroscopy, XRD and TEM analysis. Antibacterial activities of the synthesized AgNPs were analyzed and compared. The antibacterial activity was excellent against bacterial pathogens and treatment against P. vulgaris shows the maximum zone of inhibition (13.8 mm). The present work identified that the unutilized bioresource such as U.lactuca can be effectively utilized for biodiesel production so as to replace fossil fuel usage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohan Rasu Kulanthaisamy
- Department of Energy Science, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India; Department of Microbiology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India
| | - Dinesh Gujuluva Hari
- Department of Energy Science, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India; Department of Microbiology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India
| | - Ananthi Veleeswaran
- Department of Microbiology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India; Department of Zoology and Microbiology, Thiagarajar College, Madurai, India
| | | | | | - Ravindran Balasubramani
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, Youngtong - Gu, Suwon 16227, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soon Woong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, Youngtong - Gu, Suwon 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Mariadhas Valan Arasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arokiyaraj Selvaraj
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Arun Alagarsamy
- Department of Microbiology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India.
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26
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Okwundu OS, El-Shazly AH, Elkady M. Comparative effect of reaction time on biodiesel production from low free fatty acid beef tallow: a definition of product yield. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-018-0145-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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27
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Thakkar K, Shah K, Kodgire P, Kachhwaha SS. In-situ reactive extraction of castor seeds for biodiesel production using the coordinated ultrasound - microwave irradiation: Process optimization and kinetic modeling. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2019; 50:6-14. [PMID: 30122463 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study demonstrates innovative and industrially viable in-situ biodiesel production process using coordinated ultrasound-microwave reactor. Reactive extraction process has been carried out by mixing grinded castor seeds with methanol in the presence of base catalyst (KOH). Response surface methodology coupled with central composite design has been applied for process optimization to achieve maximum yield. The result shows that maximum biodiesel yield of 93.5 ± 0.76% was obtained under favorable conditions of: molar ratio (350:1), catalyst (w/w) (1.74%), reaction temperature (43 °C) and reaction time (30 min). Regression equation obtained for the model having (R2), and (R2adj) equal to 0.9737 and 0.9507 respectively shows goodness of fit. First time reaction kinetics as well as oil extraction kinetics studies have been performed on coordinated ultrasound-microwave reactor. Assuming pseudo first order reaction activation energy was found to be 28.27 kJ·mol-1 and activation energy for oil extraction was observed to be 9.11 kJ mol-1. Estimated activation energy for the reaction kinetics and extraction kinetics was reduced by 27%, reaction rate constants were eight to ten times higher and diffusion coefficient was found to be two times higher in case of hybrid system as compared to conventional mechanical stirring technique. Estimated thermo-physical properties of biodiesel were found in agreement with ASTM and DIN standards in comparison to gasoline diesel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartikkumar Thakkar
- Mechanical Engineering Department, School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University, Gandhinagar 382007, Gujarat, India; Center for Biofuel & Bioenergy Studies, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University, Gandhinagar 382007, Gujarat, India.
| | - Keyur Shah
- Mechanical Engineering Department, School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University, Gandhinagar 382007, Gujarat, India; Center for Biofuel & Bioenergy Studies, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University, Gandhinagar 382007, Gujarat, India
| | - Pravin Kodgire
- Chemical Engineering Department, School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University, Gandhinagar 382007, Gujarat, India; Center for Biofuel & Bioenergy Studies, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University, Gandhinagar 382007, Gujarat, India.
| | - Surendra Singh Kachhwaha
- Mechanical Engineering Department, School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University, Gandhinagar 382007, Gujarat, India; Center for Biofuel & Bioenergy Studies, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University, Gandhinagar 382007, Gujarat, India.
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28
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Marwaha A, Dhir A, Mahla SK, Mohapatra SK. An overview of solid base heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production. CATALYSIS REVIEWS-SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/01614940.2018.1494782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akshey Marwaha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala, India
| | - Amit Dhir
- School of Energy and Environment, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Mahla
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Hoshiarpur, India
| | - Saroj Kumar Mohapatra
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala, India
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29
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Laskar IB, Rajkumari K, Gupta R, Chatterjee S, Paul B, Rokhum SL. Waste snail shell derived heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production by the transesterification of soybean oil. RSC Adv 2018; 8:20131-20142. [PMID: 35541639 PMCID: PMC9080767 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02397b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A waste snail shell (Pila spp.) derived catalyst was used to produce biodiesel from soybean oil at room temperature for the first time. The snail shell was calcined at different temperatures of 400–1000 °C. The synthesized catalysts underwent XRD, SEM, TEM, EDS, FTIR, XRF, TG/DTA and N2 adsorption–desorption isotherm (BET) analysis. The major component CaO was determined at a calcination temperature of 900 °C as depicted in the XRD results. 100% conversion of soybean oil to methyl ester biodiesel was obtained, as confirmed by 1H NMR. A biodiesel yield of 98% was achieved under optimized reaction conditions such as a calcination temperature of 900 °C, a catalyst loading of 3 wt%, a reaction time of 7 h and a methanol to oil ratio of 6 : 1, and biodiesel conversion was confirmed by FT-NMR and IR spectroscopies. A total of 9 fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were identified in the synthesized biodiesel by the retention time and fragmentation pattern data of GC-MS analysis. The catalyst was recycled 8 times without appreciable loss in its catalytic activity. A high biodiesel yield of 98% was obtained under these optimised conditions. The catalyst has the advantage of being a waste material, therefore it is easily prepared, cost free, highly efficient, biogenic, labor effective and environmentally friendly, making it a potential candidate as a green catalyst for low cost production of biodiesel at an industrial scale. A waste snail shell (Pila spp.) derived catalyst was used to produce biodiesel from soybean oil at room temperature for the first time.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikbal Bahar Laskar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Silchar, Assam-788010, India
| | - Kalyani Rajkumari
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Silchar, Assam-788010, India
| | - Rajat Gupta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Silchar, Assam-788010, India
| | - Sushovan Chatterjee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Silchar, Assam-788010, India
| | - Bappi Paul
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Silchar, Assam-788010, India
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Kunde SP, Kanade KG, Karale BK, Akolkar HN, Randhavane PV, Shinde ST. Effect of Cd-doping on the catalytic activity of ZnO nanoflakes in the synthesis of benzimidazoles. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-017-3074-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Papaderakis A, Anastopoulos A, Sotiropoulos S. Electrochemical studies of processes occurring at the polycrystalline Cu electrode/methanol interface. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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