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Swami S, Suthar S, Singh R, Thakur AK, Gupta LR, Sikarwar VS. Potential of ionic liquids as emerging green solvent for the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:12871-12891. [PMID: 38285255 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32100-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is available in abundance as a renewable resource, but the major portion of it is often discarded as waste without utilizing its immense potential as an alternative renewable energy resource. To overcome recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass, various pretreatment methods are applied to it, so that the complex and rigid polymeric structure can be broken down into fractions susceptible for enzymatic hydrolysis. Effective and efficient biomass processing is the goal of pretreatment methods, but none of the explored pretreatment methods are versatile enough to fulfil the requirement of biomass processing with greater flexibility in terms of operational cost and desired output efficiency. Deployment of green solvents such as ionic liquids for the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass has been a topic of discussion amongst the scientific community in recent times. The presented work provides a detailed overview on the deployment of ionic liquid for the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass coupled with a brief discussion on other pretreatments methods. The recyclability and reusability along with other unique properties makes an ionic liquid pretreatment different from the other traditional pretreatment methods. Also, this study explores diverse critical parameters that governs the dissolution process of biomass. Hazardous properties of ionic liquids have also been explored. Future perspective and recommendations have been given for an efficient, effective, and eco-friendly deployment of ionic liquid in biomass pretreatment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Swami
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun, 248001, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Surindra Suthar
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun, 248001, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rajesh Singh
- Division of Research & Innovation, Uttaranchal Institute of Technology, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - Amit Kumar Thakur
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144001, India
| | - Lovi Raj Gupta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144001, India
| | - Vineet Singh Sikarwar
- Institute of Plasma Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Za Slovankou 1782/3, 182 00, Prague 8, Czech Republic.
- Department of Power Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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Norfarhana AS, Ilyas RA, Ngadi N, Othman MHD, Misenan MSM, Norrrahim MNF. Revolutionizing lignocellulosic biomass: A review of harnessing the power of ionic liquids for sustainable utilization and extraction. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128256. [PMID: 38000585 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
The potential for the transformation of lignocellulosic biomass into valuable commodities is rapidly growing through an environmentally sustainable approach to harness its abundance, cost-effectiveness, biodegradability, and environmentally friendly nature. Ionic liquids (ILs) have received considerable and widespread attention as a promising solution for efficiently dissolving lignocellulosic biomass. The fact that ILs can act as solvents and reagents contributes to their widespread recognition. In particular, ILs are desirable because they are inert, non-toxic, non-flammable, miscible in water, recyclable, thermally and chemically stable, and have low melting points and outstanding ionic conductivity. With these characteristics, ILs can serve as a reliable replacement for traditional biomass conversion methods in various applications. Thus, this comprehensive analysis explores the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass using ILs, focusing on main components such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. In addition, the effect of multiple parameters on the separation of lignocellulosic biomass using ILs is discussed to emphasize their potential to produce high-value products from this abundant and renewable resource. This work contributes to the advancement of green technologies, offering a promising avenue for the future of biomass conversion and sustainable resource management.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Norfarhana
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia; Department of Petrochemical Engineering, Politeknik Tun Syed Nasir Syed Ismail, Pagoh Education Hub, 84600 Pagoh Muar Johor, Malaysia
| | - R A Ilyas
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia; Centre for Advanced Composite Materials (CACM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia; Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; Centre of Excellence for Biomass Utilization, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.
| | - Norzita Ngadi
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia; Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Syukri Mohamad Misenan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, Yildiz Technical University, Davutpasa Campus, 34220 Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mohd Nor Faiz Norrrahim
- Research Centre for Chemical Defence, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Ariyanta HA, Sari FP, Sohail A, Restu WK, Septiyanti M, Aryana N, Fatriasari W, Kumar A. Current roles of lignin for the agroindustry: Applications, challenges, and opportunities. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 240:124523. [PMID: 37080401 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Lignin has the potential to be used as an additive, coating agent, fertilizer, plant growth stimulator, and packaging material in the agroindustry due to its functional aromatic structure. The quantitative measurement of functional groups is a significant element of the research for lignin structure since they directly impact their optical, dispersion, and chemical properties. These physical and chemical properties of lignin strongly depend on its type and source and its isolation procedure. Thus, lignin provides numerous opportunities for the circular economy in the agroindustry; however, studying and resolving the challenges associated with its separation, purification, and modification is required. This review discusses the most recent findings on lignin use in agroindustry and historical facts about lignin. The properties of lignin and its roles as coating agents, pesticide carriers, plant growth stimulators, and soil-improving agents have been summarized. The emerging challenges in the field of lignin-based agroindustry are considered, and potential future steps to overcome these challenges are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harits Atika Ariyanta
- Research center for Biomass and Bioproducts, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl Raya Bogor KM 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia; Department of Pharmacy, Universitas Gunadarma, Depok, Indonesia; Research Collaboration Center of Biomass-Based Nano Cosmetic, in Collaboration with National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Samarinda, East Kalimantan, Indonesia.
| | - Fahriya Puspita Sari
- Research center for Biomass and Bioproducts, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl Raya Bogor KM 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia.
| | - Asma Sohail
- Department of Chemistry, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Witta Kartika Restu
- Research Center for Chemistry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Kawasan Puspiptek Serpong, South Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia; Research Collaboration Center of Biomass-Based Nano Cosmetic, in Collaboration with National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Samarinda, East Kalimantan, Indonesia.
| | - Melati Septiyanti
- Research Center for Chemistry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Kawasan Puspiptek Serpong, South Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia.
| | - Nurhani Aryana
- Research Center for Chemistry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Kawasan Puspiptek Serpong, South Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia.
| | - Widya Fatriasari
- Research center for Biomass and Bioproducts, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl Raya Bogor KM 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia; Research Collaboration Center of Biomass-Based Nano Cosmetic, in Collaboration with National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Samarinda, East Kalimantan, Indonesia.
| | - Adarsh Kumar
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, United States.
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Lu X, Gu X. A review on lignin pyrolysis: pyrolytic behavior, mechanism, and relevant upgrading for improving process efficiency. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022; 15:106. [PMID: 36221137 PMCID: PMC9552425 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02203-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Lignin is a promising alternative to traditional fossil resources for producing biofuels due to its aromaticity and renewability. Pyrolysis is an efficient technology to convert lignin to valuable chemicals, which is beneficial for improving lignin valorization. In this review, pyrolytic behaviors of various lignin were included, as well as the pyrolytic mechanism consisting of initial, primary, and charring stages were also introduced. Several parallel reactions, such as demethoxylation, demethylation, decarboxylation, and decarbonylation of lignin side chains to form light gases, major lignin structure decomposition to generate phenolic compounds, and polymerization of active lignin intermediates to yield char, can be observed through the whole pyrolysis process. Several parameters, such as pyrolytic temperature, time, lignin type, and functional groups (hydroxyl, methoxy), were also investigated to figure out their effects on lignin pyrolysis. On the other hand, zeolite-driven lignin catalytic pyrolysis and lignin co-pyrolysis with other hydrogen-rich co-feedings were also introduced for improving process efficiency to produce more aromatic hydrocarbons (AHs). During the pyrolysis process, phenolic compounds and/or AHs can be produced, showing promising applications in biochemical intermediates and biofuel additives. Finally, some challenges and future perspectives for lignin pyrolysis have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Lu
- grid.410625.40000 0001 2293 4910Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
| | - Xiaoli Gu
- grid.410625.40000 0001 2293 4910Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
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Guan L, Huang Q, Wang X, Qi N, Wang M, Wang G, Wang Z. Rapid Prediction of Mechanical Properties Based on the Chemical Components of Windmill Palm Fiber. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15144989. [PMID: 35888456 PMCID: PMC9323776 DOI: 10.3390/ma15144989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
During spinning, the chemical component content of natural fibers has a great influence on the mechanical properties. How to rapidly and accurately measure these properties has become the focus of the industry. In this work, a grey model (GM) for rapid and accurate prediction of the mechanical properties of windmill palm fiber (WPF) was established to explore the effect of chemical component content on the Young’s modulus. The chemical component content of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in WPF was studied using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, and an NIR prediction model was established, with the measured chemical values as the control. The value of RC and RCV were more than 0.9, while the values of RMSEC and RMSEP were less than 1, which reflected the excellent accuracy of the NIR model. External validation and a two-tailed t-test were used to evaluate the accuracy of the NIR model prediction results. The GM(1,4) model of WPF chemical components and the Young’s modulus was established. The model indicated that the increase in cellulose and lignin content could promote the increase in the Young’s modulus, while the increase in hemicellulose content inhibited it. The establishment of the two models provides a theoretical basis for evaluating whether WPF can be used in spinning, which is convenient for the selection of spinning fibers in practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Guan
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; (L.G.); (Q.H.); (X.W.)
| | - Qiuzi Huang
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; (L.G.); (Q.H.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaoju Wang
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; (L.G.); (Q.H.); (X.W.)
| | - Ning Qi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China;
| | - Mingxing Wang
- Violet Home Textile Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Nantong 226311, China;
| | - Guohe Wang
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; (L.G.); (Q.H.); (X.W.)
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China;
- China National Textile and Apparel Council Key Laboratory of Natural Dyes, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Correspondence: (G.W.); (Z.W.); Tel.: +86-132-9511-8006 (G.W.); +86-157-2263-6125 (Z.W.)
| | - Zhong Wang
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; (L.G.); (Q.H.); (X.W.)
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China;
- Correspondence: (G.W.); (Z.W.); Tel.: +86-132-9511-8006 (G.W.); +86-157-2263-6125 (Z.W.)
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Hasanov I, Shanmugam S, Kikas T. Extraction and isolation of lignin from ash tree (Fraxinus exselsior) with protic ionic liquids (PILs). CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 290:133297. [PMID: 34921853 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Protic ionic liquids (PILs) have been considered effective solvents for the selective separation and recovery of cellulose from lignocellulosic biomass. However, PILs can also be utilized for the extraction and conversion of lignin into fuels and value-added products. The objective of this work was to study the extraction of lignin from ash tree (Fraxinus exselsior) hardwood biomass using three different PILs-pyridinium acetate, pyridinium formate [Py][For], and pyrrolidinium acetate. Fiber analysis was used to determine the biochemical composition of the left-over biomass after lignin separation. FTIR and NMR were applied to determine the structure of dissolved lignin. Additionally, the regeneration potential and recyclability of PILs were assessed. Our results demonstrate that treatment with [Py][For] at 75 °C yields the highest percentage of lignin dissolution from biomass. This indicates that PILs could be used for Kraft lignin dissolution as well as separation of lignin from raw, milled biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isa Hasanov
- Chair of Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Technology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 56, 51014, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Sabarathinam Shanmugam
- Chair of Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Technology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 56, 51014, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Timo Kikas
- Chair of Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Technology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 56, 51014, Tartu, Estonia
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7
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Preparation of carboxymethylated lignin-based multifunctional flocculant and its application for copper-containing wastewater. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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8
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Nurdin M, Abimanyu H, Haris A, Maulidiyah M, Fitriady MA, Mansur D, Arham Z, Wibowo D, Salim LOA. Effectiveness of Green Chemical Solvent-based on Triethylammonium Methanesulfonate Ion Liquid for the OPEFB Pretreatment Process. J Oleo Sci 2021; 70:1509-1515. [PMID: 34615831 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess21161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have explored the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass based on oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) which is categorized as potential biomass waste for bioethanol production. Before proceeding further to obtain bioethanol, several steps such as pretreatment to increase organic constituents are needed. The ionic liquids (ILs) were commonly investigated by many researchers for lignocellulosic pretreatment because it is easy solubilization property, non-toxic, and not harmful impacts on the environment. Therefore in this study, the hypothesis and main objective were to observe the effectiveness of triethylammonium methanesulfonate ion liquid (TMS IL) in the OPEFB lignocellulose pretreatment process. Three variations were studied to obtain optimization of the pretreatment process, such as times duration, IL composition, and temperature. Based on these results, we observed the effectiveness of the time duration for OPEFB pretreatment of 20 hours. Furthermore, it was applied to determine the optimization of IL composition and temperature showing that using 91% (1:1:10) at 120°C for 20 hours has provided good performance for the OPEFB lignocellulose pretreatment process. TMS IL has exhibited the ability to reduce hemicellulose and lignin contents to 7.35% and 17.80%, whereas cellulose was increased by 54.24%. This has the opportunity to be projected to a larger scale for bioethanol production based on OPEFB lignocellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nurdin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Halu Oleo
| | - Haznan Abimanyu
- Research Center for Chemistry, Indonesian Institute of Sciences
| | - Abdul Haris
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Halu Oleo
| | - Maulidiyah Maulidiyah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Halu Oleo
| | | | - Dieni Mansur
- Research Center for Chemistry, Indonesian Institute of Sciences
| | - Zul Arham
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Science, Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kendari
| | - Dwiprayogo Wibowo
- Department of Environmental Engineerng, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Kendari
| | - La Ode Agus Salim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Halu Oleo
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Rodrigues JS, Lima V, Araújo LCP, Botaro VR. Lignin Fractionation Methods: Can Lignin Fractions Be Separated in a True Industrial Process? Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c01704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica S. Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Materials, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Science and Technology Center for Sustainability (CCTS), Rod. João Leme dos Santos, km 110, 18052-780, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Vitor Lima
- Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Materials, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Science and Technology Center for Sustainability (CCTS), Rod. João Leme dos Santos, km 110, 18052-780, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Luísa C. P. Araújo
- Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Materials, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Science and Technology Center for Sustainability (CCTS), Rod. João Leme dos Santos, km 110, 18052-780, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Vagner R. Botaro
- Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Materials, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Science and Technology Center for Sustainability (CCTS), Rod. João Leme dos Santos, km 110, 18052-780, Sorocaba, Brazil
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Rashid T, Sher F, Khan AS, Khalid U, Rasheed T, Iqbal HM, Murugesan T. Effect of protic ionic liquid treatment on the pyrolysis products of lignin extracted from oil palm biomass. FUEL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Hasan G, Musajan D, He M, Hou GB, Li Y, Yimit M. Study on extraction of cotton stalk lignin by different methods and its antioxidant property in polypropylene. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2021.1894173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gvlmira Hasan
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals (Ministry of Education and Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Dilhumar Musajan
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals (Ministry of Education and Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Mingyu He
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals (Ministry of Education and Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Gong-bo Hou
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals (Ministry of Education and Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals (Ministry of Education and Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Mamatjan Yimit
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals (Ministry of Education and Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
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Chen P, Dai K, Wang Z, Zhuang W, Yang P, Ying H, Wu J. Separation and recovery of alkali lignin and NaOH based on size exclusion methodology. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Usmani Z, Sharma M, Gupta P, Karpichev Y, Gathergood N, Bhat R, Gupta VK. Ionic liquid based pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for enhanced bioconversion. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 304:123003. [PMID: 32081446 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is the most plentiful renewable biomolecule and an alternative bioresource for the production of biofuels and biochemicals in biorefineries. But biomass recalcitrance is a bottleneck in their usage, thus necessitating their pretreatment for hydrolysis. Most pretreatment technologies, result in toxic by-products or have lower yield. Ionic liquids (ILs) have successfully advanced as 'greener and recyclable' alternatives to volatile organic solvents for lignocellulosic biomass dissolution. This review covers recent developments made in usage of IL-based techniques with focus on biomass breakdown mechanism, process parameter design, impact of cation and anion groups, and the advantageous impact of ILs on the subsequent processing of the fractionated biomass. Progress and barriers for large-scale commercial usage of ILs in emerging biorefineries were critically evaluated using the principles of economies of scale and green chemistry in an environmentally sustainable way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeba Usmani
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Minaxi Sharma
- ERA Chair for Food (By-) Products Valorization Technologies (VALORTECH), Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 56/5, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Pratishtha Gupta
- Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad 826001, India
| | - Yevgen Karpichev
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Nicholas Gathergood
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia; School of Chemistry, University of Lincoln, Joseph Banks Laboratories, Green Lane, Lincoln, Lincolnshire LN6 7DL, UK
| | - Rajeev Bhat
- ERA Chair for Food (By-) Products Valorization Technologies (VALORTECH), Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 56/5, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia; ERA Chair for Food (By-) Products Valorization Technologies (VALORTECH), Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 56/5, 51006 Tartu, Estonia.
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14
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Recent developments in modification of lignin using ionic liquids for the fabrication of advanced materials–A review. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.112417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Ma’ruf A, Pramudono B, Aryanti N. Kinetics Models of Lignin Isolation from Rice Husk Using Alkaline Hydrogen Peroxide. CHEMISTRY & CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.23939/chcht13.02.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Heinonen J, Tamper J, Laatikainen M, Sainio T. Steady-state recycling chromatography in the purification of weakly acidic lignocellulosic hydrolysates. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Ni’matuzahroh, Sari SK, Trikurniadewi N, Pusfita AD, Ningrum IP, Ibrahim SNMM, Nurhariyati T, Fatimah, Surtiningsih T. Utilization of Rice Straw Hydrolysis Product ofPenicilliumsp. H9 as A Substrate of Biosurfactant Production by LII61 Hydrocarbonoclastic Bacteria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/217/1/012028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Heinonen J, Tamper J, Laatikainen M, Sainio T. Chromatographic Recovery of Monosaccharides and Lignin from Lignocellulosic Hydrolysates. Chem Eng Technol 2018; 41:2402-2410. [PMID: 31007407 PMCID: PMC6472586 DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201800412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The chromatographic recovery of monosaccharides and lignin from lignocellulosic hydrolysates was studied at laboratory and pilot scale. A weak cation-exchange resin in sodium form and a water eluent gave good separation efficiency. Scale-dependent phenomena, especially viscous fingering resulting from the large viscosity and density differences between the hydrolysate feed and eluent, were observed. The issue was resolved in the pilot scale with appropriate selection of the flow direction, and a high productivity was achieved at 95 % recovery yield. The pH value of the feed was found to have no effect on the actual separation; however, the resin was significantly less colored at a higher pH value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jari Heinonen
- Lappeenranta University of Technology School of Engineering Science Skinnarilankatu 34 53850 Lappeenranta Finland
| | - Juha Tamper
- UPM-Kymmene Corporation North European Research Center, Biochemicals Paloasemantie 19 53200 Lappeenranta Finland
| | - Markku Laatikainen
- Lappeenranta University of Technology School of Engineering Science Skinnarilankatu 34 53850 Lappeenranta Finland
| | - Tuomo Sainio
- Lappeenranta University of Technology School of Engineering Science Skinnarilankatu 34 53850 Lappeenranta Finland
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20
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Taverna ME, Busatto CA, Lescano MR, Nicolau VV, Zalazar CS, Meira GR, Estenoz DA. Microparticles based on ionic and organosolv lignins for the controlled release of atrazine. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 359:139-147. [PMID: 30014909 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Lignins are natural polymers of the lignocellulosic biomass. Nowadays, there is a growing interest in developing value-added products based on lignins due to their renewability, low cost and abundance. In this work, lignin microspheres from organosolv and ionic isolation processes were prepared for the controlled release of atrazine. Microspheres were prepared by the solvent extraction/evaporation technique. The controlled release of atrazine from organosolv and ionic lignins microparticles was studied in water. Mobility experiments were performed in an agricultural soil from Argentina. The results showed that microparticles prepared using dichloromethane as the dispersed phase were spherical, while lignins dispersed in ethyl acetate produce irregular microparticles. Organosolv lignin microparticles presented higher encapsulation efficiency for all herbicide loads. About 98% and 95% of atrazine was released in 24 and 48 h approximately from organosolv and ionic lignin microparticles, respectively. The release profiles of atrazine from both lignin microparticles were not affected by the herbicide load. Atrazine mobility experiments in soil showed that about 80% of free atrazine was leached in 37 days, while 65.0% and 59.7% of the herbicide was leached from ionic and organosolv lignin microparticles, respectively. Thus, atrazine-loaded microparticles could reduce leaching compared to a commercial formulation of free atrazine.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Eugenia Taverna
- INTEC (UNL-CONICET), Güemes 3450, (3000) Santa Fe, Argentina; UTN Regional San Francisco, Av. de la Universidad 501, (2400) San Francisco, Córdoba, Argentina
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21
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Alternatives for Chemical and Biochemical Lignin Valorization: Hot Topics from a Bibliometric Analysis of the Research Published During the 2000–2016 Period. Processes (Basel) 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/pr6080098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A complete bibliometric analysis of the Scopus database was performed to identify the research trends related to lignin valorization from 2000 to 2016. The results from this analysis revealed an exponentially increasing number of publications and a high relevance of interdisciplinary collaboration. The simultaneous valorization of the three main components of lignocellulosic biomass (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) has been revealed as a key aspect and optimal pretreatment is required for the subsequent lignin valorization. Research covers the determination of the lignin structure, isolation, and characterization; depolymerization by thermal and thermochemical methods; chemical, biochemical and biological conversion of depolymerized lignin; and lignin applications. Most methods for lignin depolymerization are focused on the selective cleavage of the β-O-4 linkage. Although many depolymerization methods have been developed, depolymerization with sodium hydroxide is the dominant process at industrial scale. Oxidative conversion of lignin is the most used method for the chemical lignin upgrading. Lignin uses can be classified according to its structure into lignin-derived aromatic compounds, lignin-derived carbon materials and lignin-derived polymeric materials. There are many advances in all approaches, but lignin-derived polymeric materials appear as a promising option.
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22
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Yin H, Liu L, Wang X, Wang T, Zhou Y, Liu B, Shan Y, Wang L, Lü X. A novel flocculant prepared by lignin nanoparticles-gelatin complex from switchgrass for the capture of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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23
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Gogoi P, Zhang Z, Geng Z, Liu W, Hu W, Deng Y. Low-temperature, Low-Energy, and High-Efficiency Pretreatment Technology for Large Wood Chips with a Redox Couple Catalyst. CHEMSUSCHEM 2018; 11:1121-1131. [PMID: 29359405 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201702090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass plays a vital role in the conversion of cellulosic biomass to bioethanol, especially for softwoods and hardwoods. Although many pretreatment technologies have been reported so far, only a few pretreatment methods can handle large woodchips directly. To improve the efficiency of pretreatment, existing technologies require the grinding of the wood into small particles, which is an energy-consuming process. Herein, for the first time, we report a simple, effective, and low-temperature (≈100 °C) process for the pretreatment of hardwood (HW) and softwood (SW) chips directly by using a catalytic system of FeCl3 /NaNO3 (FCSNRC). The pretreatment experiments were conducted systematically, and a conversion of 71.53 and 70.66 % of cellulose to sugar could be obtained for the direct use of large HW and SW chips. The new method reported here overcomes one of the critical barriers in biomass-to-biofuel conversion, and both grinding and thermal energies can be reduced significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parikshit Gogoi
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Renewable Bioproducts Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30318, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Nowgong College, Nagaon, 782001, Assam, India
| | - Zhe Zhang
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Renewable Bioproducts Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30318, United States
| | - Zhishuai Geng
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30318, United States
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Renewable Bioproducts Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30318, United States
| | - Weize Hu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30318, United States
| | - Yulin Deng
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Renewable Bioproducts Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30318, United States
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24
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Dong Y, Takeshita T, Miyafuji H, Nokami T, Itoh T. Direct Extraction of Polysaccharides from Moso Bamboo (Phylostachys heterocycla) Chips Using a Mixed Solvent System of an Amino Acid Ionic Liquid with Polar Aprotic Solvent. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20170383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Dong
- Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, University of Oulu, Pentti Kaiteran katu 1, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
- Centria University of Applied Sciences, Talonpojankatu 2, FI-67100, Kokkola, Finland
| | - Tokio Takeshita
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
| | - Hisashi Miyafuji
- Division of Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Toshiki Nokami
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
- Center for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Itoh
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
- Center for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
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25
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Heinonen J, Sanlaville Q, Niskakoski H, Tamper J, Sainio T. Separation and recovery of lignin from hydrolysates of lignocellulose with a polymeric adsorbent. Sep Purif Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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26
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Govender NT, Mahmood M, Seman IA, Wong MY. The Phenylpropanoid Pathway and Lignin in Defense against Ganoderma boninense Colonized Root Tissues in Oil Palm ( Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1395. [PMID: 28861093 PMCID: PMC5559686 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Basal stem rot, caused by the basidiomycete fungus, Ganoderma boninense, is an economically devastating disease in Malaysia. Our study investigated the changes in lignin content and composition along with activity and expression of the phenylpropanoid pathway enzymes and genes in oil palm root tissues during G. boninense infection. We sampled control (non-inoculated) and infected (inoculated) seedlings at seven time points [1, 2, 3, 4, 8, and 12 weeks post-inoculation (wpi)] in a randomized design. The expression profiles of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), and peroxidase (POD) genes were monitored at 1, 2, and 3 wpi using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Seedlings at 4, 8, and 12 wpi were screened for lignin content, lignin composition, enzyme activities (PAL, CAD, and POD), growth (weight and height), and disease severity (DS). Gene expression analysis demonstrated up-regulation of PAL, CAD, and POD genes in the infected seedlings, relative to the control seedlings at 1, 2, and 3 wpi. At 2 and 3 wpi, CAD showed highest transcript levels compared to PAL and POD. DS increased progressively throughout sampling, with 5, 34, and 69% at 4, 8, and 12 wpi, respectively. Fresh weight and height of the infected seedlings were significantly lower compared to the control seedlings at 8 and 12 wpi. Lignin content of the infected seedlings at 4 wpi was significantly higher than the control seedlings, remained elicited with no change at 8 wpi, and then collapsed with a significant reduction at 12 wpi. The nitrobenzene oxidation products of oil palm root lignin yielded both syringyl and guaiacyl monomers. Accumulation of lignin in the infected seedlings was in parallel to increased syringyl monomers, at 4 and 8 wpi. The activities of PAL and CAD enzymes in the infected seedlings at DS = 5-34% were significantly higher than the control seedlings and thereafter collapsed at DS = 69%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha T. Govender
- Institute of Plantation Studies (IKP), Universiti Putra MalaysiaSerdang, Malaysia
- School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaBangi, Malaysia
| | - Maziah Mahmood
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra MalaysiaSerdang, Malaysia
| | - Idris A. Seman
- Ganoderma and Disease Research of Oil Palm (GANODROP) Unit, Malaysian Palm Oil BoardBandar Baru Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Mui-Yun Wong
- Institute of Plantation Studies (IKP), Universiti Putra MalaysiaSerdang, Malaysia
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra MalaysiaSerdang, Malaysia
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27
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Dai J, Patti AF, Longé L, Garnier G, Saito K. Oxidized Lignin Depolymerization using Formate Ionic Liquid as Catalyst and Solvent. ChemCatChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201700632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhuo Dai
- School of Chemistry; Monash University; Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Antonio F. Patti
- School of Chemistry; Monash University; Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Lionel Longé
- School of Chemistry; Monash University; Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Gil Garnier
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Monash University; Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Kei Saito
- School of Chemistry; Monash University; Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
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28
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Carneiro AP, Rodríguez O, Macedo EA. Dissolution and fractionation of nut shells in ionic liquids. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 227:188-196. [PMID: 28024196 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.11.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the dissolution of raw peanut and chestnut shells in ionic liquids. Dissolution of raw biomass up to 7wt% was achieved under optimized operatory conditions. Quantification of polysaccharides dissolved through quantitative 13Cq NMR revealed extractions of the cellulosic material to ionic liquids as high as 87%. Regeneration experiments using an antisolvent mixture allowed to recover the cellulosic material and the ionic liquid. The overall mass balance presented very low loss rates (<8%), recoveries of 75% and 95% of cellulosic material from peanut and chestnut shells, respectively, and the recovery of more than 95% of the ionic liquid in both cases. These results show the high potential of using nut shells and ionic liquids for biorefining purposes. Moreover, high recovery of ionic liquids favors the process from an economical point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristides P Carneiro
- LSRE - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Associate Laboratory LSRE/LCM, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Oscar Rodríguez
- LSRE - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Associate Laboratory LSRE/LCM, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Rua Lope Gómez de Marzoa, s/n., E15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Eugénia A Macedo
- LSRE - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Associate Laboratory LSRE/LCM, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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29
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Mohtar SS, Tengku Malim Busu TNZ, Md Noor AM, Shaari N, Mat H. An ionic liquid treatment and fractionation of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin from oil palm empty fruit bunch. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 166:291-299. [PMID: 28385235 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.02.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This work reports on a complete isolation and characterization of lignocellulosic compounds from oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) by ionic liquid (IL) treatment and alkaline treatment processes. The fractionated lignocellulosic compounds were confirmed by FTIR and CP/MAS 13CNMR analyses. The yield of the cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin fractions was 52.72±1.50% wt., 27.17±1.68% wt. and 16.82±1.15% wt. with molecular weight of 1869g/mol, 1736g/mol and 2695g/mol, and degradation temperature of 325.65°C, 236.25°C, and 201.40°C, respectively. The SEM image illustrates the bundle-like fiber of cellulose fraction and smaller particle size of hemicellulose and lignin fractions with inconsistent shape. The XRD patterns depict the crystalline cellulose, amorphous lignin and partially amorphous hemicellulose fractions property. The IL could be recovered and reused with an overall recovery of 48% wt. after the fourth cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safia Syazana Mohtar
- Advanced Materials and Process Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Tengku Nur Zulaikha Tengku Malim Busu
- Advanced Materials and Process Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Mujahid Md Noor
- Advanced Materials and Process Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Norsalliana Shaari
- Advanced Materials and Process Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Hanapi Mat
- Advanced Materials and Process Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia; Advanced Material and Separation Technologies (AMSET) Research Group, Health and Wellness Research Alliance, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
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30
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Dai J, Patti AF, Saito K. Recent developments in chemical degradation of lignin: catalytic oxidation and ionic liquids. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.09.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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Fukaya Y, Asai RI, Kadotani S, Nokami T, Itoh T. Extraction of Polysaccharides from Japanese Cedar Using Phosphonate-Derived Polar Ionic Liquids Having Functional Groups. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2016. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20160073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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32
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Liang X, Liu J, Fu Y, Chang J. Influence of anti-solvents on lignin fractionation of eucalyptus globulus via green solvent system pretreatment. Sep Purif Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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