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Nutrient Deprivation Coupled with High Light Exposure for Bioactive Chrysolaminarin Production in the Marine Microalga Isochrysis zhangjiangensis. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20060351. [PMID: 35736154 PMCID: PMC9225646 DOI: 10.3390/md20060351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chrysolaminarin, a kind of water-soluble bioactive β-glucan produced by certain microalgae, is a potential candidate for food/pharmaceutical applications. This study identified a marine microalga Isochrysis zhangjiangensis, in which chrysolaminarin production was investigated via nutrient (nitrogen, phosphorus, or sulfur) deprivations (-N, -P, or -S conditions) along with an increase in light intensity. A characterization of the antioxidant activities of the chrysolaminarin produced under each condition was also conducted. The results showed that nutrient deprivation caused a significant increase in chrysolaminarin accumulation, though this was accompanied by diminished biomass production and photosynthetic activity. -S was the best strategy to induce chrysolaminarin accumulation. An increase in light intensity from 80 (LL) to 150 (HL) µE·m−2·s−1 further enhanced chrysolaminarin production. Compared with -N, -S caused more suitable stress and reduced carbon allocation toward neutral lipid production, which enabled a higher chrysolaminarin accumulation capacity. The highest chrysolaminarin content and concentration reached 41.7% of dry weight (%DW) and 632.2 mg/L, respectively, under HL-S, with a corresponding productivity of 155.1 mg/L/day achieved, which exceeds most of the photoautotrophic microalgae previously reported. The chrysolaminarin produced under HL-N (Iz-N) had a relatively competitive hydroxyl radical scavenging activity at low concentrations, while the chrysolaminarin produced under HL-S (Iz-S) exhibited an overall better activity, comparable to the commercial yeast β-glucan, demonstrating I. zhangjiangensis as a promising bioactive chrysolaminarin producer from CO2.
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Xi Y, Xue S, Cao X, Chi Z, Wang J. Quantitative analysis on photon numbers received per cell for triggering β-carotene accumulation in Dunaliella salina. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2021; 8:104. [PMID: 38650246 PMCID: PMC10992135 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-021-00457-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of β-carotene in Dunaliella salina is highly dependent on light exposure intensity and duration, but quantitative analysis on photon numbers received per cell for triggering β-carotene accumulation is not available so far. In this study, experiment results showed that significant β-carotene accumulation occurred after at least 8 h illumination at 400 µmol photons·m-2·s-1. To quantify the average number of photons received per cell, correlations of light attenuation with light path, biomass concentration, and β-carotene content were, respectively, established using both Lambert-Beer and Cornet models, and the latter provided better simulation. Using Cornet model, average number of photons received per cell (APRPC) was calculated and proposed as a parameter for β-carotene accumulation, and constant APRPC was maintained by adjusting average irradiance based on cell concentration and carotenoids content changes during the whole induction period. It was found that once APRPC reached 0.7 µmol photons cell-1, β-carotene accumulation was triggered, and it was saturated at 9.9 µmol photons cell-1. This study showed that APRPC can be used as an important parameter to precisely simulate and control β-carotene production by D. salina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimei Xi
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Song Xue
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xupeng Cao
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 16023, China
| | - Zhanyou Chi
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Jinghan Wang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
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Xi Y, Kong F, Chi Z. ROS Induce β-Carotene Biosynthesis Caused by Changes of Photosynthesis Efficiency and Energy Metabolism in Dunaliella salina Under Stress Conditions. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:613768. [PMID: 33520962 PMCID: PMC7844308 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.613768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The unicellular alga Dunaliella salina is regarded as a promising cell factory for the commercial production of β-carotene due to its high yield of carotenoids. However, the underlying mechanism of β-carotene accumulation is still unclear. In this study, the regulatory mechanism of β-carotene accumulation in D. salina under stress conditions was investigated. Our results indicated that there is a significant positive correlation between the cellular ROS level and β-carotene content, and the maximum quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm) of PSII is negatively correlated with β-carotene content under stress conditions. The increase of ROS was found to be coupled with the inhibition of Fv/Fm of PSII in D. salina under stress conditions. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis of the cells cultivated with H2O2 supplementation showed that the major differentially expressed genes involved in β-carotene metabolism were upregulated, whereas the genes involved in photosynthesis were downregulated. These results indicated that ROS induce β-carotene accumulation in D. salina through fine-tuning genes which were involved in photosynthesis and β-carotene biosynthesis. Our study provided a better understanding of the regulatory mechanism involved in β-carotene accumulation in D. salina, which might be useful for overaccumulation of carotenoids and other valuable compounds in other microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimei Xi
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Fantao Kong
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Zhanyou Chi
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
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Wang Z, Lee YY, Scherr D, Senger RS, Li Y, He Z. Mitigating nutrient accumulation with microalgal growth towards enhanced nutrient removal and biomass production in an osmotic photobioreactor. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 182:116038. [PMID: 32619685 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Forward osmosis (FO) has great potential for low energy consumption wastewater reuse provided there is no requirement for draw solutes (DS) regeneration. Reverse solute flux (RSF) can lead to DS build-up in the feed solution. This remains a key challenge because it can cause significant water flux reduction and lead to additional water quality problems. Herein, an osmotic photobioreactor (OsPBR) system was developed to employ fast-growing microalgae to consume the RSF nutrients. Diammonium phosphate (DAP) was used as a fertilizer DS, and algal biomass was a byproduct. The addition of microalgae into the OsPBR proved to maintain water flux while reducing the concentrations of NH4+-N, PO43--P and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the OsPBR feed solution by 44.4%, 85.6%, and 77.5%, respectively. Due to the forward cation flux and precipitation, intermittent supplements of K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, and SO42- salts further stimulated algal growth and culture densities by 58.7%. With an optimal hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 3.33 d, the OsPBR overcame NH4+-N overloading and stabilized key nutrients NH4+-N at ∼ 2.0 mg L-1, PO43--P < 0.6 mg L-1, and COD < 30 mg L-1. A moderate nitrogen reduction stress resulted in a high carbohydrate content (51.3 ± 0.1%) among microalgal cells. A solids retention time (SRT) of 17.82 d was found to increase high-density microalgae by 3-fold with a high yield of both lipids (9.07 g m-3 d-1) and carbohydrates (16.66 g m-3 d-1). This study encourages further exploration of the OsPBR technology for simultaneous recovery of high-quality water and production of algal biomass for value-added products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Wang
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, 63130, USA
| | - Yi-Ying Lee
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science and University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David Scherr
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Ryan S Senger
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Yantao Li
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science and University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zhen He
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, 63130, USA.
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Xi Y, Wang J, Xue S, Chi Z. β-Carotene Production from Dunaliella salina Cultivated with Bicarbonate as Carbon Source. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 30:868-877. [PMID: 32238762 PMCID: PMC9728381 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1910.10035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bicarbonate has been considered as a better approach for supplying CO2 to microalgae cells microenvironments than gas bubbling owing t°Cost-effectiveness and easy operation. However, the β-carotene production was too low in Dunaliella salina cultivated with bicarbonate in previous studies. Also, the difference in photosynthetic efficiency between these tw°Carbon sources (bicarbonate and CO2) has seldom been discussed. In this study, the culture conditions, including NaHCO3, Ca2+, Mg2+ and microelement concentrations, were optimized when bicarbonate was used as carbon source. Under optimized condition, a maximum biomass concentration of 0.71 g/l and corresponding β-carotene content of 4.76% were obtained, with β-carotene yield of 32.0 mg/l, much higher than previous studies with NaHCO3. Finally, these optimized conditions with bicarbonate were compared with CO2 bubbling by online monitoring. There was a notable difference in Fv/Fm value between cultivations with bicarbonate and CO2, but there was no difference in the Fv/Fm periodic changing patterns. This indicates that the high concentration of NaHCO3 used in this study served as a stress factor for β-carotene accumulation, although high productivity of biomass was still obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimei Xi
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
| | - Jinghan Wang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
| | - Song Xue
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
| | - Zhanyou Chi
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China,Corresponding author Phone: +86-132-3405-3986 E-mail:
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Li LH, Li XY, Hong Y, Jiang MR, Lu SL. Use of microalgae for the treatment of black and odorous water: Purification effects and optimization of treatment conditions. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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He Y, Huang Z, Zhong C, Guo Z, Chen B. Pressurized liquid extraction with ethanol as a green and efficient technology to lipid extraction of Isochrysis biomass. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 293:122049. [PMID: 31484103 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This work was the first time to establish a green pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) process to extract microalgal lipids from Isochrysis biomass. PLE with ethanol exhibited superior lipid extraction performance in comparison to Soxhlet and Folch methods and PLE with n-hexane. To reduce the cost in ethanol utilization, ethanol concentration was optimized and found that PLE with 90% ethanol concentration obtained the highest lipid extraction efficiency (41.5 wt%) and total fatty acids (TFAs) recovery value (92.17 wt%) using Isochrysis sp. biomass. Results about lipid class detected by TLC-FID technique showed that ethanol concentration distinctly affected the content of lipidic class during lipid extraction by PLE. Similarly, the process with 90% ethanol concentration achieved over 90 wt% of TFAs recovery values with three different Isochrysis species. Overall, PLE process mediated with ethanol was a promising approach to extract Isochrysis-derived lipids from sustainable microalgal biomass for food application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjin He
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, No.1, Keji Road, Minhou, Fuzhou 350117, China; Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav WiedsVej 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, No.1, Keji Road, Minhou, Fuzhou 350117, China.
| | - Zicheng Huang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, No.1, Keji Road, Minhou, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Chen Zhong
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, No.1, Keji Road, Minhou, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Zheng Guo
- Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav WiedsVej 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Bilian Chen
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, No.1, Keji Road, Minhou, Fuzhou 350117, China; Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, No.1, Keji Road, Minhou, Fuzhou 350117, China
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Monogalactosyldiacylglycerols with High PUFA Content From Microalgae for Value-Added Products. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 190:1212-1223. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03159-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Qi M, Yao C, Sun B, Cao X, Fei Q, Liang B, Ran W, Xiang Q, Zhang Y, Lan X. Application of an in situ CO 2-bicarbonate system under nitrogen depletion to improve photosynthetic biomass and starch production and regulate amylose accumulation in a marine green microalga Tetraselmis subcordiformis. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:184. [PMID: 31341515 PMCID: PMC6631860 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1523-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microalgal starch is regarded as a promising alternative to crop-based starch for biorefinery such as the production of biofuels and bio-based chemicals. The single or separate use of inorganic carbon source, e.g., CO2 and NaHCO3, caused aberrant pH, which restricts the biomass and starch production. The present study applied an in situ CO2-NaHCO3 system to regulate photosynthetic biomass and starch production along with starch quality in a marine green microalga Tetraselmis subcordiformis under nitrogen-depletion (-N) and nitrogen-limitation (±N) conditions. RESULTS The CO2 (2%)-NaHCO3 (1 g L-1) system stabilized the pH at 7.7 in the -N cultivation, under which the optimal biomass and starch accumulation were achieved. The biomass and starch productivity under -N were improved by 2.1-fold and 1.7-fold, respectively, with 1 g L-1 NaHCO3 addition compared with the one without NaHCO3 addition. NaHCO3 addition alleviated the high-dCO2 inhibition caused by the single CO2 aeration, and provided sufficient effective carbon source HCO3 - for the maintenance of adequate photosynthetic efficiency and increase in photoprotection to facilitate the biomass and starch production. The amylose content was also increased by 44% under this CO2-bicarbonate system compared to the single use of CO2. The highest starch productivity of 0.73 g L-1 day-1 under -N cultivation and highest starch concentration of 4.14 g L-1 under ±N cultivation were both achieved with the addition of 1 g L-1 NaHCO3. These levels were comparable to or exceeded the current achievements reported in studies. The addition of 5 g L-1 NaHCO3 under ±N cultivation led to a production of high-amylose starch (59.3% of total starch), which could be used as a source of functional food. CONCLUSIONS The in situ CO2-NaHCO3 system significantly improved the biomass and starch production in T. subcordiformis. It could also regulate the starch quality with varied relative amylose content under different cultivation modes for diverse downstream applications that could promote the economic feasibility of microalgal starch-based biofuel production. Adoption of this system in T. subcordiformis would facilitate the CO2 mitigation couple with its starch-based biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Qi
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065 Sichuan China
| | - Changhong Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065 Sichuan China
| | - Binhuan Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065 Sichuan China
| | - Xupeng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023 Liaoning China
- Division of Solar Energy, Dalian National Laboratory of Clean Energy, Dalian, 116023 Liaoning China
- Biotechnology Department, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023 Liaoning China
| | - Qiang Fei
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 Shaanxi China
| | - Bobo Liang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 Shaanxi China
| | - Wenyi Ran
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065 Sichuan China
| | - Qi Xiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065 Sichuan China
| | - Yongkui Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065 Sichuan China
| | - Xianqiu Lan
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065 Sichuan China
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Cao X, Xi Y, Liu J, Chu Y, Wu P, Yang M, Chi Z, Xue S. New insights into the CO2-steady and pH-steady cultivations of two microalgae based on continuous online parameter monitoring. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Yao J, Chen X, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Xian X, Bao B, Bai J. Inhibition of the photosynthetic activity of Synedra sp. by sonication: Performance and mechanism. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 233:54-62. [PMID: 30557750 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The impacts of sonication on the photosynthetic activity of Synedra sp. (diatom) and its mechanism were investigated for the first time. Three photosynthetic parameters, i.e., effective quantum yield (Φe), initial slope of rapid light curves (α) and maximum relative electron transport rate (rETRmax) were employed to evaluate its photosynthetic activity during sonication for the first time. The results showed that 600 kHz is the optimal frequency for the inhibition of the photosynthetic activity and biomass as the ultrasonic frequencies varied from 100 to 800 kHz. When the photosynthetic activity was inhibited to be not detected by sonication, Φe, α and rETRmax gradually recovered from 0 to 36.4%, 35.2% and 48.3% of that in the blank group, respectively, after 12-day cultivation (no sonication). However, the biomass was still suppressed to 9.2% of that in the blank after the same cultivation. A single time sonication treatment achieved better inhibition efficiency than the multiple times modes when their total sonication time was equal. The inhibition mechanism for the photosynthetic activity of Synedra sp. by sonication can be concluded as follows: at the early stage, the thylakoids membrane expansion and oscillation can lead to the structure damage of thylakoids; subsequently, OH oxidation is responsible for the chlorophyll-a degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 40045, China.
| | - Xiangyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 40045, China
| | - Mengran Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 40045, China
| | - Yongxue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 40045, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 40045, China
| | - Xudong Xian
- Chongqing Landscape and Gardening Research Institute, Chongqing 401329, China
| | - Bing Bao
- Chongqing Landscape and Gardening Research Institute, Chongqing 401329, China
| | - Jiayun Bai
- Chongqing Landscape and Gardening Research Institute, Chongqing 401329, China
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Shin YS, Choi HI, Choi JW, Lee JS, Sung YJ, Sim SJ. Multilateral approach on enhancing economic viability of lipid production from microalgae: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 258:335-344. [PMID: 29555159 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae have been rising as a feedstock for biofuel in response to the energy crisis. Due to a high lipid content, composed of fatty acids favorable for the biodiesel production, microalgae are still being investigated as an alternative to biodiesel. Environmental factors and process conditions can alternate the quality and the quantity of lipid produced by microalgae, which can be critical for the overall production of biodiesel. To maximize both the lipid content and the biomass productivity, it is necessary to start with robust algal strains and optimal physio-chemical properties of the culture environment in combination with a novel culture system. These accumulative approaches for cost reduction can take algal process one step closer in achieving the economic feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Sol Shin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Il Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Won Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Seop Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joon Sung
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jun Sim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Liu J, Yao C, Meng Y, Cao X, Wu P, Xue S. The Δ F/Fm'-guided supply of nitrogen in culture medium facilitates sustainable production of TAG in Nannochloropsis oceanica IMET1. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:168. [PMID: 29946358 PMCID: PMC6008920 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1168-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triacylglycerol (TAG) from photosynthetic microalgae is a sustainable feedstock for biodiesel production. Physiological stress triggers microalgal TAG accumulation. However excessive physiological stress will impair the photosynthesis system seriously thus decreasing TAG productivity because of the low biomass production. Hence, it is critical to quantitatively and timely monitor the degree of the stress while the microalgal cells growing so that the optimal TAG productivity can be obtained. RESULTS The lack of an on-line monitored indicator has limited our ability to gain knowledge of cellular "health status" information regarding high TAG productivity. Therefore, to monitor the degree of nitrogen stress of the cells, we investigated the correlation between the photosynthetic system II (PS II) quantum yield and the degree of stress based on the high relevancy between photosynthetic reduction and nitrogen stress-induced TAG accumulation in microalgal cells. ΔF/Fm', which is the chlorophyll fluorescence parameter that reflects the effective capability of PS II, was identified to be a critical factor to indicate the degree of stress of the cells. In addition, the concept of a nitrogen stress index has been defined to quantify the degree of stress. Based on this index and by monitoring ΔF/Fm' and guiding the supply of nitrogen in culture medium to maintain a stable degree of stress, a stable and efficient semi-continuous process for TAG production has been established. CONCLUSION The results indicate that the semi-continuous cultivation process with a controlled degree of stress by monitoring the ΔF/Fm' indicator will have a significant impact on microalgal TAG production, especially for the outdoor controllable cultivation of microalgae on a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Liu
- Marine Bioengineering Group, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 16023 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Changhong Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065 China
| | - Yingying Meng
- Marine Bioengineering Group, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 16023 China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014 China
| | - Xupeng Cao
- Marine Bioengineering Group, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 16023 China
| | - Peichun Wu
- Marine Bioengineering Group, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 16023 China
| | - Song Xue
- Marine Bioengineering Group, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 16023 China
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15
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del Rio-Chanona EA, Liu J, Wagner JL, Zhang D, Meng Y, Xue S, Shah N. Dynamic modeling of green algae cultivation in a photobioreactor for sustainable biodiesel production. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 115:359-370. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ehecatl A. del Rio-Chanona
- Marine Bioengineering Group, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Imperial College London; South Kensington Campus; London UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London; South Kensington Campus; London UK
| | | | - Dongda Zhang
- Marine Bioengineering Group, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Yingying Meng
- Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Imperial College London; South Kensington Campus; London UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London; South Kensington Campus; London UK
| | - Song Xue
- Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Imperial College London; South Kensington Campus; London UK
| | - Nilay Shah
- Marine Bioengineering Group, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
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16
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Jiang J, Yao C, Cao X, Liu Y, Xue S. Characterization of starch phosphorylase from the marine green microalga (Chlorophyta) Tetraselmis subcordiformis reveals its potential role in starch biosynthesis. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 218:84-93. [PMID: 28787650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In a marine green starch-producing microalga Tetraselmis subcordiformis, the role of starch phosphorylase (SP) in the starch biosynthesis was disclosed by characterizing the enzyme properties and activity variations during the starch accumulation process. TsSP4, a SP isoform accounting for the major SP activity in T. subcordiformis, was unique to be active in a monomer form with a molecular weight of approximately 110kDa. It resembled one of the chloroplast-located SPs (PhoA) in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii with a similarity of 63.3% in sequence, though it possessed the typical L78/80 domain found in the plastidial SPs (Pho1) of higher plants that was absent in PhoA. TsSP4 exhibited moderate sensitivity to ADP-Glc inhibition and had a high activity for longer-chain linear maltooligosacchride (MOS) and amylopectin against highly branched glycogen as the substrates. TsSP4 had 2-fold higher affinity for Glc-1-P in the synthetic direction than for Pi in the phosphorolytic direction, and the catalytic constant kcat for Glc-1-P was 2-fold of that for Pi. Collectively, TsSP4 preferred synthetic rather than phosphorolytic direction. TsSP4 could elongate MOSs even initially with Pi alone in the absence of Glc-1-P, which further supported its synthetic role in the starch biosynthesis. TsSP4 displayed increased activities in the developing and mature stage of starch biosynthesis under nitrogen-starvation conditions, indicating its possible contribution to the amylopectin amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpeng Jiang
- Marine Bioengineering Group, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Changhong Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China.
| | - Xupeng Cao
- Marine Bioengineering Group, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yinghui Liu
- Marine Bioengineering Group, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Song Xue
- Marine Bioengineering Group, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
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17
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Zhang H, Liu Y, Yao C, Cao X, Tian J, Xue S. FabG can function as PhaB for poly-3-hydroxybutyrate biosynthesis in photosynthetic cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Bioengineered 2017; 8:707-715. [PMID: 28494182 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2017.1317574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) by photosynthetic cyanobacteria is a potentially sustainable production method for the biodegradable plastics industry. β-Ketoacyl-ACP reductase (FabG), from the photosynthetic cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (SpFabG), is the first NADPH-dependent reductase in the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway. Its structure is similar to that of acetoacetyl-CoA reductase (SpPhaB), which is critical for PHB synthesis and can replace SpPhaB for acetoacetyl-CoA reduction in vitro. However, the specific function of SpFabG in fatty acid synthesis and whether SpFabG could participate in PHB synthesis in vivo were not yet clear. In this study, the role of SpFabG in fatty acid synthesis was first verified in vivo by knocking down and overexpressing of fabG. It was shown that SpFabG was essential yet not rate-limiting for fatty acid biosynthesis. The biochemical characterization of SpFabG using acetoacetyl-CoA as the substrate showed that the optimum temperature, optimum pH, Km and kcat were 30°C, 7, 2.30 mM, and 19.85 s-1, respectively, which exemplified the ability of SpFabG to reduce acetoacetyl-CoA with a relatively low affinity and weak catalytic efficiency. Functional analysis of SpFabG in vivo indicated that SpFabG was able to partially complement SpPhaB under nitrogen-deprived conditions, and overexpression of fabG led to the diversion of partial carbon flux from fatty acid toward PHB synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowei Zhang
- a School of Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University , Liaoning , Dalian , China
| | - Yinghui Liu
- b Marine Bioengineering Group, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian , China
| | - Changhong Yao
- c Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering , School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan , China
| | - Xupeng Cao
- b Marine Bioengineering Group, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian , China
| | - Jing Tian
- a School of Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University , Liaoning , Dalian , China
| | - Song Xue
- b Marine Bioengineering Group, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian , China
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18
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Yao C, Wu P, Pan Y, Lu H, Chi L, Meng Y, Cao X, Xue S, Yang X. Evaluation of the integrated hydrothermal carbonization-algal cultivation process for enhanced nitrogen utilization in Arthrospira platensis production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 216:381-90. [PMID: 27262092 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.05.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable microalgal cultivation at commercial scale requires nitrogen recycling. This study applied hydrothermal carbonization to recover N of hot-water extracted Arthrospira platensis biomass residue into aqueous phase (AP) under different operation conditions and evaluated the N utilization, biomass yield and quality of A. platensis cultures using AP as the sole N source. With the increase of temperature at 190-210°C or reaction time of 2-3h, the N recovery rate decreased under nitrogen-repletion (+N) cultivation, while contrarily increased under nitrogen-limitation (-N) cultivation. Under +N biomass accumulation in the cultures with AP under 190°C was enhanced by 41-67% compared with that in NaNO3, and the highest protein content of 51.5%DW achieved under 200°C-2h was also 22% higher. Carbohydrate content of 71.4%DW under -N cultivation achieved under 210°C-3h was 14% higher than that in NaNO3. HTC-algal cultivation strategy under -N mode could save 60% of conventional N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhong Yao
- Marine Bioengineering Group, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Peichun Wu
- Marine Bioengineering Group, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Yanfei Pan
- Marine Bioengineering Group, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China; College of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, PR China
| | - Hongbin Lu
- Marine Bioengineering Group, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Lei Chi
- Marine Bioengineering Group, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Yingying Meng
- Marine Bioengineering Group, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China; School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Xupeng Cao
- Marine Bioengineering Group, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Song Xue
- Marine Bioengineering Group, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China.
| | - Xiaoyi Yang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Energy and Environment International Centre, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, PR China
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19
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Yao C, Pan Y, Lu H, Wu P, Meng Y, Cao X, Xue S. Utilization of recovered nitrogen from hydrothermal carbonization process by Arthrospira platensis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 212:26-34. [PMID: 27070286 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.03.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In the context of sustainable cultivation of microalgae, the present study focused on the use of nitrogen from the hot-water extracted biomass residue of Arthrospira platensis by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) and the sequential cultivation of the same alga with the HTC aqueous phase (AP). Nearly 90% of the nitrogen recovered from HTC into AP was in the organic form. Under nitrogen-limited condition with HTCAP as nitrogen source the yield and content of carbohydrate were enhanced by 21% and 15% respectively compared with that under the same nitrogen level provided by NaNO3, which entitled HTCAP for the substitution of conventional nitrate. In the same way pilot-scale cultivation of A. platensis in raceway ponds outdoors demonstrated that carbohydrate content of 43.8% DW and productivity of 10.3g/m(2)/d was achieved. Notably 54% of organic nitrogen in the HTCAP could be recycled by cultivation of pre-nitrogen starved A. platensis as seeds under nitrogen limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhong Yao
- Marine Bioengineering Group, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Yanfei Pan
- Marine Bioengineering Group, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China; College of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, PR China
| | - Hongbin Lu
- Marine Bioengineering Group, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Peichun Wu
- Marine Bioengineering Group, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Yingying Meng
- Marine Bioengineering Group, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China; School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Xupeng Cao
- Marine Bioengineering Group, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Song Xue
- Marine Bioengineering Group, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China.
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