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Zhu L, Xu H, Yin X, Wang S. H 2SO 4 assisted hydrothermal conversion of biomass with solid acid catalysis to produce aviation fuel precursors. iScience 2023; 26:108249. [PMID: 37965136 PMCID: PMC10641505 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
With hydrothermal reaction, lignocellulosic biomass can be efficiently converted into furfural (FF) and levulinic acid (LA), both of which are key platform compounds that can be used for the subsequent preparation of aviation fuels. In order to reduce the acid concentration in traditional hydrolysis and provide a reaction system with good catalytic activity, we propose a biomass conversion route as dilute acid hydrolysis coupled with solid acid catalysis. Firstly, at different temperatures, the hemicellulose and cellulose in corn stover were step-hydrolyzed by sulfuric acid solution with a concentration of 0.9 wt. % to produce xylose and glucose, with conversion reaching 100% and 97.3%, respectively. Subsequently, a new resin-derived carbon-based solid acid catalyst was used to catalyze the aforementioned saccharide solutions to obtain FF with yield of 68.7 mol % and LA of 70.3 mol %, respectively. This work provides a promising approach for the efficient production of bio-aviation fuel precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Hao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Shurong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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Shen X, Meng H, Shen Y, Ding J, Zhou H, Cong H, Li L. A comprehensive assessment on bioavailability, leaching characteristics and potential risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in biochars produced by a continuous pyrolysis system. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132116. [PMID: 34492419 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biochar application as a soil amendment has attracted worldwide attention. Nevertheless, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) formed during biochar production might enter into ecosystems and threaten human health after application to soil. Continuous pyrolysis systems tend to cause an accumulation of PAHs in biochar owing to short residence time and rapid cooling. This study conducted a comprehensive assessment regarding potential risk of PAHs in biochars produced by a continuous pyrolysis system based on bioavailability, leaching behavior, toxic equivalent quantity, health risk and phytotoxicity of PAHs. Results showed that the concentrations of total PAHs in biochars were in the range of 93.40-172.40 mg/kg, exceeding the European Biochar Certificate standard. 3-rings PAHs were the predominant groups. The percentages of total freely dissolved and leachable PAHs were lower than 1%. RH contained the least bioavailable and leachable PAHs concentration and phytotoxicity compared with CS and PS, which might attribute to the characteristic of three biochars. CS and PS were acidic and exhibited high levels of DOC and VFAs, while RH was strongly alkaline and presented greater aromaticity and higher surface area, which might have resulted in high adsorptive capacity and decreased bioavailability of PAHs. When the biochar application rate was higher than 0.6 t/ha, the incremental lifetime cancer risk value for human exposure to biochar-borne PAHs through the biochar-amended soil was over 10-6, suggesting carcinogenic risks. Germination index values of biochars ranged from 25.66 to 88.95%. Phytotoxicity mainly was caused by bioavailable PAHs and dissolved organic compounds. Overall, these findings highlighted that although the percentage of bioavailable PAHs was low, the potential health risk and phytotoxicity of PAHs in biochars produced by a continuous pyrolysis system was of a great concern. High biochar application rates should be avoided without processing both for soil safety and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Shen
- Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100125, China
| | - Haibo Meng
- Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100125, China.
| | - Yujun Shen
- Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100125, China
| | - Jingtao Ding
- Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100125, China
| | - Haibin Zhou
- Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100125, China
| | - Hongbin Cong
- Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100125, China
| | - Lijie Li
- Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100125, China
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Xie Z, Cao Q, Chen Y, Luo Y, Liu X, Li D. The biological and abiotic effects of powdered activated carbon on the anaerobic digestion performance of cornstalk. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 343:126072. [PMID: 34626759 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To comprehensively evaluate the biological and abiotic influence of powdered activated carbon (PAC) on the anaerobic digestion of cornstalk, mesophilic and thermophilic digestion were conducted. Adding PAC (10 g/L) under thermophilic system obtained the maximum cellulose degradation rate and methane yield (MY), which were 57.47% and 128.19 L/kg VS. However, adding same dose of PAC at mesophilic system decreased the MY by 8.16% while increased the cellulose degradation rate and methane production rate by 6.48% and 17.92%. Under mesophilic conditions, the enhancement of PAC was owing to the enrichment of cellulolytic microorganisms, improvement of the syntrophic process and direct interspecies electron transfer. The lower methane yield was attributed to the adsorption of carbon source by PAC and CH4 consumption by Norank_c_Bathyarchaeia. The good performance of thermophilic system was owing to the lower adsorption capability of PAC, absence of Norank_c_Bathyarchaeia, and concentrated carbon flow to methane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Qin Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Yichao Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Yiping Luo
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Dong Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
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Xie Z, Meng X, Ding H, Cao Q, Chen Y, Liu X, Li D. The synergistic effect of rumen cellulolytic bacteria and activated carbon on thermophilic digestion of cornstalk. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 338:125566. [PMID: 34298332 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To explore the bioaugmentation of rumen cellulolytic bacteria (RCB) and activated carbon (AC) on thermophilic digestion of cornstalk, biochemical methane potential tests were carried out. Adding RCB or AC can improve methane production, while simultaneous existence of AC (10 g/L) and RCB (5%) obtained the best performance. The maximum cellulose degradation rate, methane production rate and methane yield were 66.92%, 32.2 L/(kgVS·d), and 144.9 L/kgVS, which increased by 30.23%, 51.17%, and 20.35% compared with control group. The cellulolytic and fermentative bacteria (Hydrogenispora), syntrophic acetate-oxidizing bacteria (norank_o_MBA03), and hydrogenotrophic Methanothermobacter were crucial for thermophilic digestion of cornstalk. The enhancement of AC was due to the enrichment of Hydrogenispora and Methanothermobacter, while RCB can increase the abundance of cellulolytic bacteria (Halocella and norank_o_M55-D21) and mixotrophic Methanosarcina. The synergetic effect of AC and RCB owing to the enriched cellulolytic bacteria, the enhanced syntrophic acetate oxidation and the concentrated carbon metabolic flow to methane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xianghui Meng
- College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600, Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, PR China
| | - Hongxia Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qin Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yichao Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dong Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600, Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Zhao Z, Jiang Z, Xu H, Yan K. Selective Production of Phenol-Rich Bio-Oil From Corn Straw Waste by Direct Microwave Pyrolysis Without Extra Catalyst. Front Chem 2021; 9:700887. [PMID: 34277570 PMCID: PMC8280759 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.700887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a sustainable strategy to cleanly address biomass waste with high-value utilization. Phenol-rich bio-oil is selectively produced by direct pyrolysis of biomass waste corn straw (CS) without use of any catalyst in a microwave device. The effects of temperature and power on the yield and composition of pyrolysis products are investigated in detail. Under microwave irradiation, a very fast pyrolysis rate and bio-oil yield as high as 46.7 wt.% were obtained, which were competitive with most of the previous results. GC-MS analysis showed that temperature and power (heating rate) had great influences on the yield of bio-oil and the selectivity of phenolic compounds. The optimal selectivity of phenols in bio-oil was 49.4 area% by adjusting the operating parameters. Besides, we have made detailed statistics on the change trend of some components and different phenols in bio-oil and given the law and reason of their change with temperature and power. The in situ formed highly active biochar from CS with high content of potassium (1.34 wt.%) is responsible for the improvement of phenol-rich oils. This study offers a sustainable way to fully utilize biomass waste and promote the achievement of carbon neutrality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyue Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiwei Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Chen H, Hao S, Chen Z, O-Thong S, Fan J, Clark J, Luo G, Zhang S. Mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion of aqueous phase generated from hydrothermal liquefaction of cornstalk: Molecular and metabolic insights. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 168:115199. [PMID: 31655439 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The critical challenge of hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) for bio-oil production from biomass is the production of large amounts of aqueous products (HTL-AP) with high organic contents. The present study investigated the anaerobic digestion (AD) performances of HTL-AP under both thermophilic and mesophilic conditions, and molecular and metabolic analysis were conducted to provide insights into the different performances. The results showed that thermophilic AD had lower COD removal efficiency compared to mesophilic AD (45.0% vs. 61.6%). Liquid chromatography coupled with organic carbon detection and organic nitrogen (LC-OCD-OND) analysis showed that both high molecular weight (HMW) and low molecular weight (LMW) compounds were degraded to some extent and more LMW acids (LMWA) and recalcitrant aromatic compounds were degraded in the mesophilic reactor, which was the main reason of higher COD removal efficiency. Phenyl compounds (e.g. phenol and 2 methoxyphenol), furans and pyrazines were the recalcitrant chemicals detected through GC-MS analysis. Fourier transform ion cyclone resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) analysis demonstrated the complexity of HTL-AP and the proportions of phenolic or condensed aromatic compounds increased especially in the thermophilic effluents. Metabolites analysis showed that the reasons contributing to the differences of mesophilic and thermophilic AD were not only related to the degradation of organic compounds (e.g. benzoate degradation via CoA ligation) in HTL-AP but also related to the microbial autogenesis (e.g. fatty acid biosynthesis) as well as the environmental information processing. In addition, the enrichment of Mesotoga, responsible for the high degradation efficiency of LMWA, and Pelolinea, involved in the degradation of phenyl compounds, were found in mesophilic reactor, which was consistent with higher removal of corresponding organics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Shilai Hao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, 80401, United States
| | - Zheng Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Sompong O-Thong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Thaksin University, Phathalung, 93110, Thailand
| | - Jiajun Fan
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - James Clark
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Gang Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
| | - Shicheng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
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Ran G, Li D, Zheng T, Liu X, Chen L, Cao Q, Yan Z. Hydrothermal pretreatment on the anaerobic digestion of washed vinegar residue. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 248:265-271. [PMID: 28651869 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.06.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the acetate separation from fresh vinegar residue (FVR) to avoid inhibition of methanogenesis and hydrothermal treatment on washed vinegar residue (WVR) to enhance methane production. The optimal liquid-solid ratio was 10:1mL/g for the washing of FVR. The methane yields of the FVR, WVR, and washed leachate (WL) were 273L/kgVS, 199L/kgVS, and 306.9L/kgCOD, respectively. The optimal hydrothermal temperature was 160°C for WVR, with maximum methane yield of 258.38L/kgVS. Hydrothermal pretreatment destroyed the structure of lignocellulose and improved the hydrolysis of hemicellulose. Compared with thermophilic digestion of FVR, thermophilic digestion of 160°C treated FVR, and thermophilic digestion of WVR with mesophilic digestion of WL, the thermophilic digestion of 160°C treated WVR with mesophilic digestion of WL obtained the maximum total methane yield of 102.5L/kgFVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genzhu Ran
- Institute of Urban and Rural Mines, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Dong Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Chengdu 610041, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210042, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Tao Zheng
- Institute of Urban and Rural Mines, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Institute of Urban and Rural Mines, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Qin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhiying Yan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Chengdu 610041, China
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