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İlay R. Biochar production from various low-cost marine wastes using different production methods: Characterization of biochar and marine feedstock for agricultural purposes. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 205:116623. [PMID: 38964191 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Studies on the conversion of organic materials into biochar have been preferred due to the effectiveness of biochar. Aquatic ecosystems harbor a significant amount of organic biomass, much of which is transferred to terrestrial systems, but often remains as waste. In this study, Posidonia oceanica (PO), Halidrys siliquosa (HS), Ulva lactuca (UL), and Codium fragile (CF), commonly found as marine waste along coastlines globally, were used as feedstocks for biochar production under four different pyrolysis conditions. Several analyses were conducted to characterize both marine waste and biochar forms in order to evaluate their potential for agricultural applications. The results showed that marine wastes and biochars contain almost all the necessary nutrients required for plant nutrition in varying proportions. The CF feedstock has a higher nitrogen (N) content than other feedstocks, while the UL contains greater phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and magnesium (Mg). Additionally, the PO exhibits high calcium (Ca), boron (B), and manganese (Mn) contents. Carbon (C) content also varied significantly depending on the biochar production technique. Temperature had a greater influence than holding time on the disparities in the elemental composition of biochars. The pH values of all types of biochar increased with rising temperature. However, the electrical conductivity (EC) values of HS and PO biochars decreased with increasing temperature. The highest mean BET surface area was observed in PO biochars. However, UL biochar has the most significant proportional increase compared to the UL feedstock by 218 times. All characteristics determined for all materials (feedstock, biochar) were within acceptable limits for application to soil. In conclusion, both marine waste and biochar forms may be confidently used for agricultural purposes, particularly in soil applications, when considering the characterization parameters within the scope of this research. Additionally, supporting and developing these results with more comprehensive analysis and research would be more suitable to reveal the potential of these marine wastes for agricultural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remzi İlay
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Agricultural Faculty, Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Department, 17020 Çanakkale, Türkiye.
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2
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Folgueras MB, Gutiérrez-Trashorras AJ, Laine-Cuervo G, Ríos-Fernández JC. The relevant effect of marine salt and epiphytes on Posidonia oceanica waste pyrolysis: Removal of SO 2/HCl emissions and promotion of O/HCOOH formation. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 181:101-113. [PMID: 38603994 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Significant quantities of Posidonia oceanica deposit on some beaches and coastlines every year, which generates high costs associated with the disposal of this waste. Pyrolysis may be an adequate way for its valorization. However, it would imply to know how the process takes place and if the removal of its natural detrital inorganic matter (epiphytes, marine salt and sand) is necessary, which are the objectives of this research. Pyrolysis by thermogravimetry-mass spectrometry was carried out on both the washed and unwashed samples. During this waste pyrolysis, the following occurs: (i) the high alkali metal chloride content promotes fragmentation reactions of carbohydrates and O formation, which increases HCOOH intensities at temperatures between 250 and 360 °C; (ii) from 500 °C to 650 °C, Fe2O3 and decomposition of carbonates seem to be involved in reactions that produce O release and steam and CO2 reforming of hydrocarbons and oxygenated organic compounds with H2 generation; (iii) from 650 °C to 750 °C, Fe2O3, high alkali metal content and carbonate decomposition generate char gasification, an increase in O release, SO2 capture and HCOOH formation. In general, the abundance of inorganic matter (chlorides, carbonates, etc.) minimizes the release of various compounds during pyrolysis, including SO2 and HCl, while increasing HCOOH production. Thus, this high content of inorganic matter may represent an advantage for its pyrolysis, producing value-added chemical products with a reduced environmental impact. Therefore, this study may be the starting point for defining the optimal pyrolysis conditions for this waste valorisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Folgueras
- Department of Energy, University of Oviedo, Polytechnic School of Mieres, c/ Gonzalo Gutiérrez Quirós s/n, 33600 Mieres, Asturias, Spain
| | - Antonio J Gutiérrez-Trashorras
- Department of Energy, University of Oviedo, Polytechnic School of Engineering of Gijón, Campus de Viesques, 33203 Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| | - G Laine-Cuervo
- Department of Energy, University of Oviedo, Polytechnic School of Mieres, c/ Gonzalo Gutiérrez Quirós s/n, 33600 Mieres, Asturias, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Ríos-Fernández
- Department of Energy, University of Oviedo, Polytechnic School of Mieres, c/ Gonzalo Gutiérrez Quirós s/n, 33600 Mieres, Asturias, Spain; Department of Energy, University of Oviedo, Polytechnic School of Engineering of Gijón, Campus de Viesques, 33203 Gijón, Asturias, Spain.
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3
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Ferchichi K, Amdouni N, Chevalier Y, Hbaieb S. Low-cost Posidonia oceanica bio-adsorbent for efficient removal of antibiotic oxytetracycline from water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:83112-83125. [PMID: 35761137 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21647-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The presence of antibiotics as micro-contaminants in the water and aqueous environments is a health concern to humans and the ecosystem. Therefore, their elimination by adsorption to available and cheap materials in water treatment plants is a research topic of high relevance. The present paper reports on the adsorption behavior of oxytetracycline on a bio-adsorbent prepared from Posidonia oceanica; an abundant Mediterranean biomass. Characterization of the pretreated Posidonia biomaterial was achieved using several analyses such as Boehm acid-base titration method, pHPZC determination, and analysis techniques (FTIR, 13C CP-MAS NMR, optical microscopy, and TGA). The pHPZC occurred around pH 2.11. Posidonia biomaterial showed a fast and high uptake rate throughout the adsorption process, which is a definite advantage for analytical applications such as water decontamination. The experimental kinetic data fitted very rightly the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the equilibrium uptake can adopt the bi-Langmuir isotherm model for all studied pH values which assumes adsorptions at the two localized sites. Maximum adsorption capacities of 11.8 mg∙g-1 and 4.4 mg∙g-1 for the two adsorption sites are reached at pH 6. The oxytetracycline adsorption process onto Posidonia bio-adsorbent is spontaneous (ΔadsG0 < 0), exothermic (ΔadsH0 < 0), and entropically favorable (ΔadsS0 > 0). The effect of pH on adsorption behavior and the thermodynamic parameters of adsorption are consistent with a possible origin of adsorption of oxytetracycline by means of hydrogen bonding interactions between surface hydroxyl and phenolic groups of the biomaterial and oxytetracycline. The proposed green and environmentally friendly biomaterial offers potential benefits as a bio-adsorbent in the remediation of aquatic environments contaminated by various organic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima Ferchichi
- Laboratoire de Recherche: Caractérisations, Applications Et Modélisation de Matériaux, Faculté Des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Campus universitaire El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Noureddine Amdouni
- Laboratoire de Recherche: Caractérisations, Applications Et Modélisation de Matériaux, Faculté Des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Campus universitaire El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Yves Chevalier
- Laboratoire d'Automatique, de Génie Des Procédés Et de Génie Pharmaceutique, Université de Lyon 1, UMR 5007 CNRS, 43 bd 11 Novembre, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Souhaira Hbaieb
- Laboratoire de Recherche: Caractérisations, Applications Et Modélisation de Matériaux, Faculté Des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Campus universitaire El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
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Obtaining the best temperature parameters for co-carbonization of lignite (yatağan)-biomass (peach seed shell) by structural characterization. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10636. [PMID: 36158104 PMCID: PMC9493062 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, Yatağan lignite (YL) and peach kernel shells (PKS) were originally taken separately and in a 1: 1 ratio by weight. Experiments were carried out in a 3-zone heated cylindrical furnace in a steel reactor. Structural characterization of all the solid products obtained was made by FTIR, XRD, and SEM analysis. When the FTIR and XRD spectra of the raw samples are examined, it is seen that they are rich in functional groups. It is seen that the PKS has aliphatic and aromatic structures and cellulosic structure –OH stresses (3500 cm−1). The sharp peak around 2918 cm−1 in Yatağan lignite belongs to the aliphatic C–H stretch. In the XRD spectrum, it is seen that both structures are largely amorphous. The raw PKS contains 3 different amorphous macromolecular structures. Yatagan lignite, on the other hand, contains crystalline peaks of clay and inorganic structures, depending on the ash content, as well as the amorphous structure. As the temperature increases depending on the carbonization temperature, as seen in the FTIR spectrum, the peaks of the functional groups decrease and disappear with the disruption of small macromolecular structures. As a result of the structural adjustment with the temperature increase, M-O-M peaks around 1000 cm−1 remain due to the aromatic C–H stretching and ash content. The paper centers around test assurance of operating temperatures in the consuming layer during co-carbonization. It is obtained that 800 °C is the best temperature condition for the co-carbonization process. It has been concluded that the chars obtained as a result of pyrolysis will be used as a solid fuel in both environmental (the lowest sulfur content) and economic (400 °C) sense. However, the fact that it has a very low sulfur content with the increase in the liquid and gas efficiency obtained at high temperatures again proves the production of an environmentally friendly liquid fuel.
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Wang Y, Akbarzadeh A, Chong L, Du J, Tahir N, Awasthi MK. Catalytic pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass for bio-oil production: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 297:134181. [PMID: 35248592 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic pyrolysis has been widely explored for bio-oil production from lignocellulosic biomass owing to its high feasibility and large-scale production potential. The aim of this review was to summarize recent findings on bio-oil production through catalytic pyrolysis using lignocellulosic biomass as feedstock. Lignocellulosic biomass, structural components and fundamentals of biomass catalytic pyrolysis were explored and summarized. The current status of bio-oil yield and quality from catalytic fast pyrolysis was reviewed and presented in the current review. The potential effects of pyrolysis process parameters, including catalysts, pyrolysis conditions, reactor types and reaction modes on bio-oil production are also presented. Techno-economic analysis of full-scale commercialization of bio-oil production through the catalytic pyrolysis pathway was reviewed. Further, limitations associated with current practices and future prospects of catalytic pyrolysis for production of high-quality bio-oils were summarized. This review summarizes the process of bio-oil production from catalytic pyrolysis and provides a general scientific reference for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- MOA Key Laboratory of New Materials and Facilities for Rural Renewable Energy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Nanomaterials, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Abdolhamid Akbarzadeh
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Li Chong
- Biomass Energy Engineering Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jinyu Du
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450011, China
| | - Nadeem Tahir
- MOA Key Laboratory of New Materials and Facilities for Rural Renewable Energy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Nanomaterials, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3#, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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6
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Su G, Ong HC, Mofijur M, Mahlia TMI, Ok YS. Pyrolysis of waste oils for the production of biofuels: A critical review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127396. [PMID: 34673394 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The application of waste oils as pyrolysis feedstocks to produce high-grade biofuels is receiving extensive attention, which will diversify energy supplies and address environmental challenges caused by waste oils treatment and fossil fuel combustion. Waste oils are the optimal raw materials to produce biofuels due to their high hydrogen and volatile matter content. However, traditional disposal methods such as gasification, transesterification, hydrotreating, solvent extraction, and membrane technology are difficult to achieve satisfactory effects owing to shortcomings like enormous energy demand, long process time, high operational cost, and hazardous material pollution. The usage of clean and safe pyrolysis technology can break through the current predicament. The bio-oil produced by the conventional pyrolysis of waste oils has a high yield and HHV with great potential to replace fossil fuel, but contains a high acid value of about 120 mg KOH/g. Nevertheless, the application of CaO and NaOH can significantly decrease the acid value of bio-oil to close to zero. Additionally, the addition of coexisting bifunctional catalyst, SBA-15@MgO@Zn in particular, can simultaneously reduce the acid value and positively influence the yield and quality of bio-oil. Moreover, co-pyrolysis with plastic waste can effectively save energy and time, and improve bio-oil yield and quality. Consequently, this paper presents a critical and comprehensive review of the production of biofuels using conventional and advanced pyrolysis of waste oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangcan Su
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hwai Chyuan Ong
- Centre for Green Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Future Technology Research Center, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, 123 University Road, Section 3, Douliou, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan.
| | - M Mofijur
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Mechanical Engineering Department, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar 31952, Saudi Arabia
| | - T M Indra Mahlia
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Centre, APRU Sustainable Waste Management Program & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
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7
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Trabelsi ABH, Zaafouri K, Friaa A, Abidi S, Naoui S, Jamaaoui F. Municipal sewage sludge energetic conversion as a tool for environmental sustainability: production of innovative biofuels and biochar. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:9777-9791. [PMID: 33156501 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11400-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, municipal sewage sludge (MSS) is converted simultaneously into renewable biofuels (bio-oil, syngas) and high value-added products (biochar) using a fixed bed pyrolyzer. This work examines the combined effect of two factors: final pyrolysis temperature (°C) and MSS moisture content (%) on pyrogenic product yields and characteristics. A centered composite experimental design (CCD) is established for pyrolysis process optimization by adopting the response surface methodology (RSM). The statistical results indicate that the optimal conditions considering all studied factors and responses are 550 °C as final pyrolysis temperature and 15% as MSS moisture content. In these optimal conditions, biofuels yield is around 48 wt%, whereas biochar yield is about 52 wt%. The pyrolysis products characterizations reveal that (i) pyrolytic oil has a complex molecular composition rich with n-alkanes, n-alkenes, carboxylic acids, and aromatic compounds; (ii) bio-oil presents a high-energy content (high heating value HHV around 30.6 MJ/kg); (iii) syngas mixture has a good calorific value (HHV up to 8 MJ/kg), which could be used as renewable energy vector or for pyrolysis reactor heating; and (iv) biochar residue has good aliphatic and oxygenated group contents favoring its application as biofertilizer. These findings suggest that MSS conversion into biofuels and biochar is an appropriate approach for MSS treatment. MSS-to-energy could be proposed as an element for circular economy concept due to its effectiveness in producing high value-added and sustainable products and reducing environmental problems linked to MSS disposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aïda Ben Hassen Trabelsi
- Laboratory of Wind Energy Management and Waste Energy Recovery (LMEEVED), Research and Technology Center of Energy (CRTEn), B.P. 95, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia.
| | - Kaouther Zaafouri
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LETMi), National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology (INSAT), Carthage University, 2 Boulevard de la terre, BP 676, 1080, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Athar Friaa
- Laboratory of Wind Energy Management and Waste Energy Recovery (LMEEVED), Research and Technology Center of Energy (CRTEn), B.P. 95, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Samira Abidi
- Laboratory of Wind Energy Management and Waste Energy Recovery (LMEEVED), Research and Technology Center of Energy (CRTEn), B.P. 95, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Slim Naoui
- Laboratory of Wind Energy Management and Waste Energy Recovery (LMEEVED), Research and Technology Center of Energy (CRTEn), B.P. 95, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Faycel Jamaaoui
- Laboratory of Wind Energy Management and Waste Energy Recovery (LMEEVED), Research and Technology Center of Energy (CRTEn), B.P. 95, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
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Benito-González I, López-Rubio A, Martínez-Sanz M. Potential of lignocellulosic fractions from Posidonia oceanica to improve barrier and mechanical properties of bio-based packaging materials. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 118:542-551. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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9
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Bensidhom G, Ben Hassen-Trabelsi A, Alper K, Sghairoun M, Zaafouri K, Trabelsi I. Pyrolysis of Date palm waste in a fixed-bed reactor: Characterization of pyrolytic products. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 247:363-369. [PMID: 28954249 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.09.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The pyrolysis of several Tunisian Date Palm Wastes (DPW): Date Palm Rachis (DPR), Date Palm Leaflets (DPL), Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) and Date Palm Glaich (DPG) was run using a fixed-bed reactor, from room temperature to 500°C, with 15°C/min as heating rate and -5°C as condensation temperature, in order to produce bio-oil, biochar and syngas. In these conditions, the bio-oil yield ranges from 17.03wt% for DPL to 25.99wt% for EFB. For the biochar, the highest yield (36.66wt%) was obtained for DPL and the lowest one (31.66wt%) was obtained from DPG while the syngas production varies from 39.10wt% for DPR to 46.31wt% DPL. The raw material and pyrolysis products have been characterized using elemental analysis thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The syngas composition has been characterized using gas analyzer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gmar Bensidhom
- Laboratory of Wind Energy Control and Waste : Energy Recovery (LMEEVED), Research and Technology Centre of Energy (CRTEn), Borj-Cedria Technopark, BP 95, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia.
| | - Aïda Ben Hassen-Trabelsi
- Laboratory of Wind Energy Control and Waste : Energy Recovery (LMEEVED), Research and Technology Centre of Energy (CRTEn), Borj-Cedria Technopark, BP 95, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Koray Alper
- Department of Chemistry, Karabük University, 78050 Karabük, Turkey
| | - Maher Sghairoun
- Laboratory of Dry land Farming and Oasis Cropping, Arid Regions Institute, BP 32, KEBILi, Tunisia
| | - Kaouther Zaafouri
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology, LETMi-INSAT, The National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology INSAT, Carthage University, 2 Boulevard de la terre, BP 676, 1080 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ismail Trabelsi
- Laboratory of Wastewater Treatment and Recycling, Research and Technology Center of Water, BP 273, 8020 Soliman, Tunisia
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Qi F, Dong Z, Lamb D, Naidu R, Bolan NS, Ok YS, Liu C, Khan N, Johir MAH, Semple KT. Effects of acidic and neutral biochars on properties and cadmium retention of soils. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 180:564-573. [PMID: 28437653 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an acidic biochar and a neutral biochar were applied at 5 wt% into two soils for an 11-month incubation experiment. One Ferrosol soil (Ba) was slightly acidic with low organic matter and the other Dermosol soil (Mt) was slightly alkaline with high organic matter. The acidic (pH = 3.25) wood shaving (WS) biochar had no marked impact on nutrient levels, cation exchange capacity (CEC), pH and acid neutralization capacity (ANC) of either soil. By contrast, the neutral (pH = 7.00) chicken litter (CL) biochar significantly increased major soluble nutrients, pH, ANC of soil Ba. In terms of C storage, 87.9% and 69.5% WS biochar-C can be sequestrated as TOC by soil Ba and Mt, respectively, whereas only 24.0% of CL biochar-C stored in soil Ba and negligible amount in Mt as TOC. Biochars did not have significant effects on soil sorption capacity and sorption reversibility except that CL biochar increased sorption of soil Ba by around 25.4% and decreased desorption by around 50.0%. Overall, the studied acidic C rich WS biochar held little agricultural or remedial values but was favourable for C sequestration. The neutral mineral rich CL biochar may provide short-term agricultural benefit and certain sorption capacities of lower sorption capacity soils, but may be unlikely to result in heightened C sequestration in soils. This is the first study comprehensively examining functions of acidic and neutral biochars for their benefits as a soil amendment and suggests the importance of pre-testing biochars for target purposes prior to their large scale production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjie Qi
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, ATC Building, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment (CRC CARE), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Zhaomin Dong
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, ATC Building, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment (CRC CARE), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Dane Lamb
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, ATC Building, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment (CRC CARE), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, ATC Building, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment (CRC CARE), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Nanthi S Bolan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, ATC Building, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment (CRC CARE), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center & School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Cuixia Liu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450007, China
| | - Naser Khan
- Natural & Built Environments, School of Natural & Built Environments, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - M A H Johir
- Center for Technology in Water and Wastewater, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology, Sydney, 81 Broadway, NSW 2007 Australia
| | - Kirk T Semple
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
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11
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Xiang Y, Xiang Y, Wang L. Cobalt-60 gamma-ray irradiation pretreatment and sludge protein for enhancing enzymatic saccharification of hybrid poplar sawdust. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 221:9-14. [PMID: 27631888 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In order to improve the enzymatic saccharification of hybrid poplar sawdust, gamma irradiation pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis in the presence of sludge protein were investigated. The cellulose crystallinity index were significantly decreased after irradiation pretreatment, and adding sludge protein improved enzyme activity and increased the reducing sugar yield. The conditions of irradiation pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis in the presence of sludge protein were systematically examined. The maximum reducing sugar yield was 519mg/g under an irradiation dose of 300kGy, a sludge protein dosage of 2mg/mL, an enzymatic hydrolysis temperature of 45°C, an enzymatic hydrolysis time of 84h, and a 90FPU/g enzyme loading. This work indicated that the combined method of gamma irradiation pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis in the presence of sludge protein was a promising potential for the saccharification of hybrid poplar sawdust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Yuxiu Xiang
- Department of Management Engineering, Qiqihar Institute of Engineering, Qiqihar 161005, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Lipeng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, Shaanxi Province, China
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Negahdar L, Gonzalez-Quiroga A, Otyuskaya D, Toraman HE, Liu L, Jastrzebski JBH, Van Geem KM, Marin GB, Thybaut JW, Weckhuysen BM. Characterization and Comparison of Fast Pyrolysis Bio-oils from Pinewood, Rapeseed Cake, and Wheat Straw Using 13C NMR and Comprehensive GC × GC. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2016; 4:4974-4985. [PMID: 27668136 PMCID: PMC5027642 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b01329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Fast pyrolysis bio-oils are feasible energy carriers and a potential source of chemicals. Detailed characterization of bio-oils is essential to further develop its potential use. In this study, quantitative 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) combined with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC) was used to characterize fast pyrolysis bio-oils originated from pinewood, wheat straw, and rapeseed cake. The combination of both techniques provided new information on the chemical composition of bio-oils for further upgrading. 13C NMR analysis indicated that pinewood-based bio-oil contained mostly methoxy/hydroxyl (≈30%) and carbohydrate (≈27%) carbons; wheat straw bio-oil showed to have high amount of alkyl (≈35%) and aromatic (≈30%) carbons, while rapeseed cake-based bio-oil had great portions of alkyl carbons (≈82%). More than 200 compounds were identified and quantified using GC × GC coupled to a flame ionization detector (FID) and a time of flight mass spectrometer (TOF-MS). Nonaromatics were the most abundant and comprised about 50% of the total mass of compounds identified and quantified via GC × GC. In addition, this analytical approach allowed the quantification of high value-added phenolic compounds, as well as of low molecular weight carboxylic acids and aldehydes, which exacerbate the unstable and corrosive character of the bio-oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Negahdar
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht
University, Universiteitsweg
99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arturo Gonzalez-Quiroga
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 914, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daria Otyuskaya
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 914, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hilal E. Toraman
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 914, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Li Liu
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 914, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- School of Energy Science
and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Dazhi Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Johann
T. B. H. Jastrzebski
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht
University, Universiteitsweg
99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kevin. M. Van Geem
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 914, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy B. Marin
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 914, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joris W. Thybaut
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 914, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bert M. Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht
University, Universiteitsweg
99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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