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Shi C, Quinn EC, Diment WT, Chen EYX. Recyclable and (Bio)degradable Polyesters in a Circular Plastics Economy. Chem Rev 2024; 124:4393-4478. [PMID: 38518259 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Polyesters carrying polar main-chain ester linkages exhibit distinct material properties for diverse applications and thus play an important role in today's plastics economy. It is anticipated that they will play an even greater role in tomorrow's circular plastics economy that focuses on sustainability, thanks to the abundant availability of their biosourced building blocks and the presence of the main-chain ester bonds that can be chemically or biologically cleaved on demand by multiple methods and thus bring about more desired end-of-life plastic waste management options. Because of this potential and promise, there have been intense research activities directed at addressing recycling, upcycling or biodegradation of existing legacy polyesters, designing their biorenewable alternatives, and redesigning future polyesters with intrinsic chemical recyclability and tailored performance that can rival today's commodity plastics that are either petroleum based and/or hard to recycle. This review captures these exciting recent developments and outlines future challenges and opportunities. Case studies on the legacy polyesters, poly(lactic acid), poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate)s, poly(ethylene terephthalate), poly(butylene succinate), and poly(butylene-adipate terephthalate), are presented, and emerging chemically recyclable polyesters are comprehensively reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxia Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Ethan C Quinn
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Wilfred T Diment
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Eugene Y-X Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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Jin Y, de Leeuw KD, Strik DPBTB. Microbial Recycling of Bioplastics via Mixed-Culture Fermentation of Hydrolyzed Polyhydroxyalkanoates into Carboxylates. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2693. [PMID: 37048987 PMCID: PMC10096456 DOI: 10.3390/ma16072693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) polymers are emerging within biobased biodegradable plastic products. To build a circular economy, effective recycling routes should be established for these and other end-of-life bioplastics. This study presents the first steps of a potential PHA recycling route by fermenting hydrolyzed PHA-based bioplastics (Tianan ENMATTM Y1000P; PHBV (poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)) into carboxylates acetate and butyrate. First, three different hydrolysis pretreatment methods under acid, base, and neutral pH conditions were tested. The highest 10% (from 158.8 g COD/L to 16.3 g COD/L) of hydrolysate yield was obtained with the alkaline pretreatment. After filtration to remove the remaining solid materials, 4 g COD/L of the hydrolyzed PHA was used as the substrate with the addition of microbial nutrients for mixed culture fermentation. Due to microbial conversion, 1.71 g/L acetate and 1.20 g/L butyrate were produced. An apparent complete bioconversion from intermediates such as 3-hydroxybutyrate (3-HB) and/or crotonate into carboxylates was found. The overall yields of the combined processes were calculated as 0.07 g acetate/g PHA and 0.049 g butyrate/g PHA. These produced carboxylates can theoretically be used to reproduce PHA or serve many other applications as part of the so-called carboxylate platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Jin
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands; (Y.J.); (K.D.d.L.)
| | - Kasper D. de Leeuw
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands; (Y.J.); (K.D.d.L.)
- ChainCraft B.V., 1043 AP Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David P. B. T. B. Strik
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands; (Y.J.); (K.D.d.L.)
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Fouilloux H, Thomas CM. Production and Polymerization of Biobased Acrylates and Analogs. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2000530. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Fouilloux
- PSL University Chimie ParisTech CNRS Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris Paris 75005 France
| | - Christophe M. Thomas
- PSL University Chimie ParisTech CNRS Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris Paris 75005 France
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Kang S, Chen R, Fu J, Liang J, Chen S, Lu L, Miao R. Catalyst-free valorization of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate to crotonic acid. REACT CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00273b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel catalyst-free valorization process of PHB to CA in inert nonpolar solvents is developed. CA was obtained with a yield of 89 wt% and a purity of 91% via a simple consecutive process of pyrolysis at 210 °C and vacuum distillation at 60 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimin Kang
- Engineering Research Center of None-food Biomass Efficient Pyrolysis and Utilization Technology of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Systems, Dongguan University of Technology, Donguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Rujie Chen
- Engineering Research Center of None-food Biomass Efficient Pyrolysis and Utilization Technology of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Systems, Dongguan University of Technology, Donguan, Guangdong 523808, China
- Department of Light Industry Chemical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 51006, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinxia Fu
- Hawaii Nature Energy Institute, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, 96822, USA
| | - Jianhao Liang
- Engineering Research Center of None-food Biomass Efficient Pyrolysis and Utilization Technology of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Systems, Dongguan University of Technology, Donguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Suxia Chen
- Engineering Research Center of None-food Biomass Efficient Pyrolysis and Utilization Technology of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Systems, Dongguan University of Technology, Donguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Lijun Lu
- Engineering Research Center of None-food Biomass Efficient Pyrolysis and Utilization Technology of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Systems, Dongguan University of Technology, Donguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Rongrong Miao
- Engineering Research Center of None-food Biomass Efficient Pyrolysis and Utilization Technology of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Systems, Dongguan University of Technology, Donguan, Guangdong 523808, China
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Feghali E, Tauk L, Ortiz P, Vanbroekhoven K, Eevers W. Catalytic chemical recycling of biodegradable polyesters. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Lee MC, Liu EJ, Yang CH, Hsiao LJ, Wu TM, Li SY. Co-Expression of ORF Cma with PHB Depolymerase (PhaZ Cma ) in Escherichia coli Induces Efficient Whole-Cell Biodegradation of Polyesters. Biotechnol J 2018; 13:e1700560. [PMID: 29337429 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Whole-cell degradation of polyesters not only avoids the tedious process of enzyme separation, but also allows the degraded product to be reused as a carbon source. In this study, Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) harboring phaZCma , a gene encoding poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) depolymerase from Caldimonas manganoxidans, is constructed. The extra-cellular fraction of E. coli/pPHAZ exhibits a fast PHB degradation rate where it only took 35 h to completely degrade PHB films, while C. manganoxidans takes 81 h to do the same. The co-expression of ORFCma (a putative periplasmic substrate binding protein that is within the same operon of phaZCma ) further improves the PHB degradation. While 28 h is needed for E. coli/pPHAZ to cause an 80% weight loss in PHB films, E. coli/pORFPHAZ needs only 21 h. Furthermore, it is able to degrade at-least four different polyesters, PHB, poly(lactic acid) (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), and poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PBSA). Testing of the time course of 3-hydroxybutyrate concentration and the turbidity of the degradation solutions over time shows that PhaZCma has both exo- and endo-enzymatic activity. The whole-cell E. coli/pORFPHAZ can be used for recycling various polyesters while ORFCma can potentially be a universal element for enhancing the secretion of recombinant protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chieh Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - En-Jung Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Han Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jung Hsiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Ming Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Si-Yu Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
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Methanolysis of microbial polyester poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) catalyzed by Brønsted-Lewis acidic ionic liquids as a new method towards sustainable development. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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