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Wen P, Liao H, Zhu J, Xu Y, Zhang J. Production of xylo-oligosaccharides and ethanol from corncob by combined tartaric acid hydrolysis with simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 363:127977. [PMID: 36122845 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In organic acid hydrolysis for xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) production, organic acids with low flash points and explosion limits can lead to explosion and fire risk. Herein, tartaric acid (TA) as an organic acid with high flash point and no explosion limit was used in the hydrolysis of corncob to produce XOS. Then, the TA-hydrolyzed corncob was used for ethanol production. In TA hydrolysis of corncob, a 56.4 % XOS yield was obtained from the hydrolysate with the conditions of 170 °C, 60 mM TA and 10 min. Meanwhile, 92.1 % TA was recovered from the hydrolysate by the addition of calcium hydroxide. After simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of TA-hydrolyzed corncob, an 82.4 % ethanol yield was obtained with a solid loading of 25 % (w/v, 250 g/L) by Saccharomyces cerevisiae H06. This research provided a relatively safe, simple, and efficient technology for producing XOS and ethanol from corncob.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyao Wen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Hong Liao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Junjun Zhu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Junhua Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, China.
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Getting Value from Pulp and Paper Industry Wastes: On the Way to Sustainability and Circular Economy. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15114105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The pulp and paper industry is recognized as a well-established sector, which throughout its process, generates a vast amount of waste streams with the capacity to be valorized. Typically, these residues are burned for energy purposes, but their use as substrates for biological processes could be a more efficient and sustainable alternative. With this aim, it is essential to identify and characterize each type of waste to determine its biotechnological potential. In this context, this research highlights possible alternatives with lower environmental impact and higher revenues. The bio-based pathway should be a promising alternative for the valorization of pulp and paper industry wastes, in particular for bioproduct production such as bioethanol, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), and biogas. This article focuses on state of the art regarding the identification and characterization of these wastes, their main applied deconstruction technologies and the valorization pathways reported for the production of the abovementioned bioproducts.
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Lehr M, Miltner M, Friedl A. Removal of wood extractives as pulp (pre-)treatment: a technological review. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-021-04873-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractWood extractives usually do not exceed five percent of dry wood mass but can be a serious issue for pulping as well as for the pulp itself. They cause contamination and damages to process equipment and negatively influence pulp quality. This paper addresses not only the extractives-related problems but also different solutions for these issues. It is an extensive review of different technologies for removing wood extractives, starting with methods prior to pulping. Several wood yard operations like debarking, knot separation, and wood seasoning are known to significantly decreasing the amount of wood extractives. Biological treatment has also been proven as a feasible method for reducing the extractives content before pulping, but quite hard to handle. During pulping, the extractives reduction efficiency depends on the pulping method. Mechanical pulping removes the accessory compounds of wood just slightly, but chemical pulping, on the other hand, removes them to a large extent. Organosolv pulping even allows almost complete removal of wood extractives. The residual extractives content can be significantly reduced by pulp bleaching. Nevertheless, different extraction-based methods have been developed for removing wood extractives before pulping or bleaching. They range from organic-solvent-based extractions to novel processes like supercritical fluid extractions, ionic liquids extractions, microwave technology, and ultrasonic-assisted extraction. Although these methods deliver promising results and allow utilization of wood extractives in most cases, they suffer from many drawbacks towards an economically viable industrial-scale design, concluding that further research has to be done on these topics.
Graphical abstract
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Preparation and Swelling Behaviors of High-Strength Hemicellulose-g-Polydopamine Composite Hydrogels. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14010186. [PMID: 33401706 PMCID: PMC7795248 DOI: 10.3390/ma14010186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hemicellulose-based composite hydrogels were successfully prepared by adding polydopamine (PDA) microspheres as reinforcing agents. The effects of PDA microsphere size, dosage, and nitrogen content in hydrogel on the mechanical and rheological properties was studied. The compressive strength of hydrogel was increased from 0.11 to 0.30 MPa. The storage modulus G’ was increased from 7.9 to 22.0 KPa. The gaps in the hemicellulose network are filled with PDA microspheres. There is also chemical cross-linking between them. These gaps increased the density of the hydrogel network structure. It also has good water retention and pH sensitivity. The maximum cumulative release rate of methylene blue was 62.82%. The results showed that the release behavior of hydrogel was pH-responsive, which was beneficial to realizing targeted and controlling drug release.
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Xu Y, Wang P, Xue S, Kong F, Ren H, Zhai H. Green biorefinery - the ultra-high hydrolysis rate and behavior of Populus tomentosa hemicellulose autohydrolysis under moderate subcritical water conditions. RSC Adv 2020; 10:18908-18917. [PMID: 35518329 PMCID: PMC9053882 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02350g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A high monosaccharide conversion rate of hemicellulose in a green solvent and under moderate reaction conditions for industrialization is one of the most important keys in a lignocellulosic biorefinery. The behavior of Populus tomentosa hemicellulose polysaccharides, crystallinity and the furfural formation in the autohydrolysis process under moderate subcritical water conditions (160–180 °C, 0.618–1.002 MPa) were studied. The results have shown that the hemicellulose was converted to corresponding monosaccharides at an ultra-high hydrolysis rate. Factor analysis indicates that the temperature is the most important factor affecting hemicellulose autohydrolysis. When the autohydrolysis temperature increased from 160 to 180 °C for 2 h, the hydrolysis rate of xylose, rhamnose, galactose, mannose, and glucose from hemicellulose increased from 70% to 91%, 71% to 100%, 82% to 95%, 42% to 58%, and 34% to 37%, respectively. Arabinose was completely dissolved in 30 min. The xylose, rhamnose, galactose, and arabinose from hemicellulose could be almost completely removed under the conditions. The hemicellulose removal rate obtained herein exceeded the values reported for most acid, alkali, ionic liquid, or deep eutectic solvent treatments. It is notable that almost all glucose in hemicellulose was dissolved and the glucose in cellulose was partially hydrolyzed. An analysis of the sugar composition and the crystallinity change in the process at 180 °C demonstrate that hydrolysis reaction started to shift from amorphous regions to crystalline regions, due to the partial hydrolysis of crystalline cellulose after 90 min at 180 °C. Overall, these results show that the moderate subcritical water autohydrolysis of hemicellulose in Populus tomentosa may be a potential bio-refinery process. A high monosaccharide conversion rate of hemicellulose in a green solvent and under moderate reaction conditions for industrialization is one of the most important keys in a lignocellulosic biorefinery.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Xu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology, NanJing Forestry University Address No. 159 LongPan Road NanJing JiangSu Province 210037 China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology, NanJing Forestry University Address No. 159 LongPan Road NanJing JiangSu Province 210037 China
| | - Shiwen Xue
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology, NanJing Forestry University Address No. 159 LongPan Road NanJing JiangSu Province 210037 China
| | - Fangong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences Jinan 250353 China
| | - Hao Ren
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology, NanJing Forestry University Address No. 159 LongPan Road NanJing JiangSu Province 210037 China .,State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences Jinan 250353 China
| | - Huamin Zhai
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology, NanJing Forestry University Address No. 159 LongPan Road NanJing JiangSu Province 210037 China
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Comparative Evaluation of Organic Acid Pretreatment of Eucalyptus for Kraft Dissolving Pulp Production. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13020361. [PMID: 31940949 PMCID: PMC7014399 DOI: 10.3390/ma13020361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pretreatment is an essential process for the extensive utilization of lignocellulose materials. The effect of four common organic acid pretreatments for Kraft dissolving pulp production was comparatively investigated. It was found that under acidic conditions, hemicellulose can be effectively removed and more reducing sugars can be recovered. During acetic acid pretreatment, lignin that was dissolved in acetic acid could form a lignin-related film which would alleviate cellulose hydrolysis, while other organic acids caused severe cellulose degradation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD) were used to characterize the pretreated chips in the process. Lignin droplets were attached to the surface of the treated wood chips according to the SEM results. The FTIR spectrum showed that the lignin peak signal becomes stronger, and the hemicellulose peak signal becomes weaker with acid pretreatment. The XRD spectrum demonstrated that the crystallinity index of the wood chips increased. The acetic acid pretreatment process-assisted Kraft process achieved higher yield (31.66%) and higher α-cellulose (98.28%) than any other organic acid pretreatment. Furthermore, extensive utilization of biomass was evaluated with the acetic acid pretreatment-assisted Kraft process. 43.8% polysaccharide (12.14% reducing sugar and 31.66% dissolving pulp) and 22.24% lignin (0.29% acetic acid lignin and 21.95% sulfate lignin) were recovered during the process. Biomass utilization could reach 66.04%. Acetic acid pretreatment is a promising process for extensive biomass utilization.
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Zhu L, Xu A, Zhang H, Lu Y, Liu S, Chen X, Chen H. Lignin Reactions and Structural Alternations under Typical Biomass Pretreatment Methods. CURR ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272823666190806100747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The utilization of biomass in the production of renewable bioenergy and biomaterials has been a popular topic since the past decades as they are rich in carbohydrates. Most biomasses, such as wood, monocotyledons, and agriculture residues, need to be pretreated before the conversion of carbohydrates in order to break down the recalcitrant cell wall structure and increase the fiber accessibility. To date, a variety of pretreatment methods have been developed that vary from physical to chemical and biological methods. Pretreatment processes affect the cell wall physical structure as well as the chemical structure of the cell wall constituents. Comparing to the studies of the cellulose and hemicelluloses structural changes during pretreatment, such studies on lignin are relatively limited. On the other hand, in order to utilize the part of lignin from biorefinery processes, the understanding of the lignin structural changes during the refining process becomes important. In this study, typical pretreatment methods such as hydrothermal pretreatment, alkaline pretreatment, biodegradation, and oxidative pretreatment are introduced and their corresponding impacts on the lignin structures are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjiang Zhu
- Fermentation Technology Institute, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Anjie Xu
- Fermentation Technology Institute, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Fermentation Technology Institute, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yuele Lu
- Fermentation Technology Institute, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Shijie Liu
- Department of Paper and Bioprocess Engineering, SUNY-College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, 13210, United States
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- Fermentation Technology Institute, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Hanchi Chen
- Fermentation Technology Institute, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
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da Silva CMS, Vital BR, Rodrigues FDÁ, de Almeida ÊW, Carneiro ADCO, Cândido WL. Hydrothermal and organic-chemical treatments of eucalyptus biomass for industrial purposes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 289:121731. [PMID: 31323712 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the promising feasibility of the hydrothermal pre-processing of eucalyptus wood and eucalyptus bark under organosolv and organic acid conditions to produce a highly concentrated cellulose feedstock. For that, particulate samples of both biomasses were heated in water solutions containing from 0 to 50%vol/vol of ethanol and from 0 to 50 mmol.L-1 of oxalic acid at temperatures between 140 and 180 °C. Significant differences on the thermal degradation profiles were observed for both biomasses indicating the partial hydrolysis converted them into a more homogeneous solid fraction with higher contents of cellulose. It was also observed a significant variation of the glycan content from approximately 39 to 76% for wood particles, whereas the variation for bark was from 32 to 50%. In general, the proposed pre-processing route was considered potentially feasible to concentrate the cellulose/glycan contents of eucalyptus biomasses for subsequent industrial utilization.
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Shi H, Zhou M, Li C, Sheng X, Yang Q, Li N, Niu M. Surface sediments formation during auto-hydrolysis and its effects on the benzene-alcohol extractive, absorbability and chemical pulping properties of hydrolyzed acacia wood chips. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 289:121604. [PMID: 31200281 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the sedimentary substances formed on the surface of auto-hydrolyzed wood chips. And its potential effect on the subsequent chemical pulping was then investigated by the analysis of surface morphology, benzene-alcohol extractive, absorbability and kraft pulping of wood chips hydrolyzed. The results showed that sediments on the surface of auto-hydrolyzed wood chips were microspheric and the amount of them increased with intensifying the severity of treatment. The benzene-alcohol extractives and lignin content in the extractives increased from 1.36% and 16.42% in the control sample to 9.42% and 47.68% in the hydrolyzed wood chips at the P-factor of 808. The absorbability of hydrolyzed wood chips firstly improved in the early stage (P-factor < 306) and after then decreased. Negative effect of the sediments on the surface of hydrolyzed wood chips was found on the subsequent kraft chemical pulping and the properties of final pulp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqiang Shi
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Miaofang Zhou
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Chao Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Xueru Sheng
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Na Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Meihong Niu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
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Santos TM, Alonso MV, Oliet M, Domínguez JC, Rigual V, Rodriguez F. Effect of autohydrolysis on Pinus radiata wood for hemicellulose extraction. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 194:285-293. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Jang SK, Jeong H, Kim HY, Choi JH, Kim JH, Koo BW, Choi IG. Evaluation of correlation between glucan conversion and degree of delignification depending on pretreatment strategies using Jabon Merah. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 236:111-118. [PMID: 28391105 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.03.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to investigate the glucan conversion rate after enzymatic hydrolysis depending on the treatment methods and conditions with changes in the chemical composition of treated solid fraction of Jabon Merah. The glucan conversion rate (17.4%) was not significantly improved after liquid hot water treatment (1st step) even though most of the hemicellulose was dissolved into liquid hydrolysate. Subsequently, dilute acid, organosolv, and peracetic acid treatment (2nd step) was conducted under various conditions to enhance glucan conversion. Among the 2nd step treatment, the glucan conversion rate of organosolv (max. 46.0%) and peracetic acid treatment (max. 65.9%) was increased remarkably through decomposition of acid-insoluble lignin (AIL). Finally, the glucan conversion rate and AIL content were highly correlated, which was revealed by the R-squared value (0.84), but inhibitory factors including cellulose crystallinity must be considered for advanced glucan conversion from highly recalcitrant biomasses, such as Jabon Merah.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Kyeong Jang
- Department of Forest Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanseob Jeong
- Division of Wood Chemistry & Microbiology, Department of Forest Products, National Institute of Forest Science, Seoul 02455, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Yong Kim
- Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Convergent Chemistry Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Ho Choi
- Department of Forest Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hwa Kim
- Department of Forest Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Bon-Wook Koo
- Intelligent & Sustainable Materials R&D Group, Research Institute of Sustainable Manufacturing System, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Cheonan 31056, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Gyu Choi
- Department of Forest Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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