Production of a new tetracyclic triterpene sulfate metabolite sambacide by solid-state cultivated Fusarium sambucinum B10.2 using potato as substrate

Integracide derivatives produced by endophyte Fusarium armeniacum M-3 isolated from Digitaria ciliaris

Two new integracides, dedimethyl integracide B (1) and integracide K (2), were isolated from rice cultures of Fusarium armeniacum M-3, an endophyte isolated from Digitaria ciliaris, together with the known terpenoids, integracide B (3) and 2-deoxy-integracide B (4). Assignment of the signals in the 1H and 13C NMR spectra of 1 and 2 was achieved using DEPT, HMQC, HMBC, and NOESY spectra. Compound 2 exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against HeLa cells.

Accumulation of antitumor polyketides by fermentation of Rubus delavayi Franch. with Clonostachys rogersoniana

The aim of this work is to explore the effects of herbal medicine on secondary metabolites of microorganisms during fermentation. Clonostachys rogersoniana was found to metabolize only small amounts of polyketide glycosides rogerson B and C on fresh potatoes, but after replacing the medium to the medicinal plant Rubus delavayi Franch., the type and content of the metabolized polyketones showed significant changes. The sugars and glycosides in R. delavayi are probably responsible for the changes in secondary metabolites. Six polyketide glycosides including a new metabolite, rogerson F, and two potential antitumor compounds, TMC-151C and TMC-151D, were isolated from the extract of R. delavayi fermented by C. rogersoniana. In addition, 13C labeling experiments were used to trace the biosynthesis process of these compounds. TMC-151C and TMC-151D showed significant cytotoxic activity against PANC-1, K562 and HCT116 cancer cells but had no obvious cytotoxic activity against BEAS-2B human normal lung epithelial cells. The yields of TMC-151C and TMC-151D reached 14.37 ± 1.52 g/kg and 1.98 ± 0.43 g/kg, respectively, after fermentation at 28 °C for 30 days. This is the first study to confirm that herbal medicine can induce microbes to metabolize active compounds. And the technology of fermenting medicinal materials can bring more economic value to medicinal plants.

Innovative production of value-added products using agro-industrial wastes via solid-state fermentation

The prevalence of organic solid waste worldwide has turned into a problem that requires comprehensive treatment on all fronts. The amount of agricultural waste generated by agro-based industries has more than triplet. It not only pollutes the environment but also wastes a lot of beneficial biomass resources. These wastes may be utilized as a different option/source for the manufacturing of many goods, including biogas, biofertilizers, biofuel, mushrooms and tempeh as the primary ingredients in numerous industries. Utilizing agro-industrial wastes as good raw materials may provide cost reduction and lower environmental pollution levels. Agro-industrial wastes are converted into biofuels, enzymes, vitamin supplements, antioxidants, livestock feed, antibiotics, biofertilizers and other compounds via solid-state fermentation (SSF). By definition, SSF is a method used when there is little to no free water available. As a result, it permits the use of solid materials as biotransformation substrates. Through SSF methods, a variety of microorganisms are employed to produce these worthwhile things. SSFs are therefore reviewed and discussed along with their impact on the production of value-added items. This review will provide thorough essential details information on recycling and the use of agricultural waste.

Evaluation of biotechnological processing through solid-state fermentation of oilseed cakes on extracts bioactive potential

Oilseed cakes (OC) are natural sources of lignocellulosic biomass, produced every year in large amounts. In addition to their main applications as animal feed, plant or soil fertilizer, and compost, they present enormous potential for being used in biotechnological processes for the obtainment and extraction of valuable bioactive compounds. This work evaluated the effect of solid-state fermentation on the bioactive properties of extracts obtained from the bioprocessing of OC and evaluated the effect of solvents on the recovery of compounds with higher bioactive potential. A general decrease of EC50 values was observed for fermented extracts obtained using a mixture of water/methanol (1:1) as extraction solvent. A decrease in the minimum inhibitory concentration was observed for fermented water extracts compared to non-fermented. Additionally, growth inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes was observed when using aqueous methanolic fermented extracts. These extracts also exhibited a higher percentage of growth reduction against phytopathogenic fungi, and some extracts exhibited increased protection against genotoxic agents such as camptothecin and bisphenol A. It was demonstrated that bioprocessing of OC through SSF is an effective approach to obtaining valuable compounds with bioactive properties for use in the food, pharmaceutical or cosmetic industries.

Fusarium-Derived Secondary Metabolites with Antimicrobial Effects

Fungal microbes are important in the creation of new drugs, given their unique genetic and metabolic diversity. As one of the most commonly found fungi in nature, Fusarium spp. has been well regarded as a prolific source of secondary metabolites (SMs) with diverse chemical structures and a broad spectrum of biological properties. However, little information is available concerning their derived SMs with antimicrobial effects. By extensive literature search and data analysis, as many as 185 antimicrobial natural products as SMs had been discovered from Fusarium strains by the end of 2022. This review first provides a comprehensive analysis of these substances in terms of various antimicrobial effects, including antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and antiparasitic. Future prospects for the efficient discovery of new bioactive SMs from Fusarium strains are also proposed.

A new cyclopentenone derivative from Trichoderma atroviride HH-01

A new cyclopentenone derivative, atrovinol (1), together with ten known compounds (2-11) were isolated from Trichoderma atroviride HH-01, an endophytic fungus from Illigera rhodantha (Hernandiaceae). Their structures were identified by HRESIMS, 1 D/2D NMR, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. Compound 1 exhibited moderate inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis with MIC values of 8.0 µg/mL and 16.0 µg/mL, respectively.

Two novel aliphatic unsaturated alcohols isolated from a pathogenic fungus Fusarium proliferatum

Phytopathogenic fungi have attracted great attention as a promising source for new drug discovery. In the progress of our ongoing study for bioactive natural products from an in-house phytopathogenic fungi library, a pathogenic fungus, Fusarium proliferatum strain 13294 (FP13294), was selected for chemical investigation. Two novel aliphatic unsaturated alcohols named fusariumnols A and B (1 and 2), together with one previously characterized sesquiterpenoid lignoren (3) were identified. Structures of 1-3 were assigned by mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. Their bioactivities were assessed against Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. aureus, and Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited weak antibacterial activity against S. epidermidis (MIC = 100 μM).

Recent developments on solid-state fermentation for production of microbial secondary metabolites: Challenges and solutions

Microbial secondary metabolites (SMs) are the intermediate or the product of metabolism produced during fermentation process. SMs are produced during stationary phase and play a major role in competition, antagonism and self defence mechanisms. These metabolites finds application in the pharmaceuticals, food, cosmetics etc. These are produced besides primary key metabolites (e.g., amino acids, lipids, carbohydrates etc.). Growth condition in solid-state fermentation (SSF) resembles microorganism's own native environment allowing the microorganisms to adapt best. Recent developments in bioprocessing has identified specific SSF practices that have a significant impact on SMs production. The practice of SSF, representing new opportunities to design better bioprocessing with potential genetic development goals for expanding the list of exciting SMs. Current updates cover advanced techniques on SSF to improve microbial SMs production and their ease of operation and cost-effective production strategies. Various factors affecting the SSF have been discussed with respect to sustainable development of novel SSF strategies for SMs production.

Fusarium: a treasure trove of bioactive secondary metabolites

Covering up to December 2019Fusarium, one of the most common fungal genera, has received considerable attention because of its biosynthetic exuberance, the result of many unique gene clusters involved in the production of secondary metabolites. This review provides the first comprehensive analysis of the secondary metabolites unique to the genus Fusarium, describing their occurrence, bioactivity, and genome features.

Bioactive 3-Decalinoyltetramic Acids Derivatives From a Marine-Derived Strain of the Fungus Fusarium equiseti D39

Two novel 3-decalinoyltetramic acid (3DTA) derivatives, namely fusarisetins C and D (1 and 2), and four known derivatives (3-6) were isolated from the marine-derived fungus Fusarium equiseti D39. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic data, vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) calculations, and X-ray crystallography. Compound 2 was identified as the first fusarisetin to possess an unprecedented carbon skeleton with a tetracyclic ring system comprised of a decalin moiety (6/6) and a tetramic acid moiety. A plausible biosynthetic pathway for the isolated compounds was proposed. All 3DTAs derivatives exhibited a potent phytotoxicity, and 5 also displayed a remarkable anti-phytopathogenic activity superior to the positive control resulting in damage of the cell membrane of Pseudomonas syringae and ensuing leakage of the intracellular components. Here, the phytotoxicity of fusarisetins has been reported for the first time. The OSMAC fermentation optimization approach to give 5 was performed by varying the culture media and salinities. The results showed that potato liquid medium with 1% salinity is the most favorable condition for the production of 5.

(-)-Grandiflorimine, a new dibenzopyrrocoline alkaloid with cholinesterase inhibitory activity from Illigera grandiflora

A new dibenzopyrrocoline alkaloid, (-)-grandifloramine (1), together with five known ones, actinodaphnine (2), N-methyllaurotetanine (3), boldine (4), lindcarpine (5), and (+)-norboldine (6), were isolated from Illigera grandiflora W. W. Sm. et J. F. Jeff. The structure of 1 was identified by HRESIMS, 1D/2D NMR, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. Compound 1 and 2 exhibited the moderate inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase and 3 showed moderate butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. This is the first report of the chemical constituents of I. grandiflora.