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Bhatt P, Bhandari G, Bhatt K, Simsek H. Microalgae-based removal of pollutants from wastewaters: Occurrence, toxicity and circular economy. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 306:135576. [PMID: 35803375 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The natural and anthropogenic sources of water bodies are contaminated with diverse categories of pollutants such as antibiotics, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, heavy metals, organic compounds, and other industrial chemicals. Depending on the type and the origin of the pollutants, the degree of contamination can be categorized into lower to higher concentrations. Therefore, the removal of hazardous chemicals from the environment is an important aspect. The physical, chemical and biological approaches have been developed and implemented to treat wastewaters. The microbial and algal treatment methods have emerged as a growing field due to their eco-friendly and sustainable approach. Particularly, microalgae emerged as a potential organism for the treatment of contaminated water bodies. The microalgae of the genera Chlorella, Anabaena, Ankistrodesmus, Aphanizomenon, Arthrospira, Botryococcus, Chlamydomonas, Chlorogloeopsis, Dunaliella, Haematococcus, Isochrysis, Nannochloropsis, Porphyridium, Synechococcus, Scenedesmus, and Spirulina reported for the wastewater treatment and biomass production. Microalgae have the potential for adsorption, bioaccumulation, and biodegradation. The microalgal strains can mitigate the hazardous chemicals via their diverse cellular mechanisms. Applications of the microalgae strains were found to be effective for sustainable developments and circular economy due to the production of biomass with the utilization of pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Bhatt
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA.
| | - Geeta Bhandari
- Department of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, 248016, India
| | - Kalpana Bhatt
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Halis Simsek
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA.
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Ronan P, Kroukamp O, Liss SN, Wolfaardt G. Interaction between CO2-consuming autotrophy and CO2-producing heterotrophy in non-axenic phototrophic biofilms. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253224. [PMID: 34129611 PMCID: PMC8205120 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As the effects of climate change become increasingly evident, the need for effective CO2 management is clear. Microalgae are well-suited for CO2 sequestration, given their ability to rapidly uptake and fix CO2. They also readily assimilate inorganic nutrients and produce a biomass with inherent commercial value, leading to a paradigm in which CO2-sequestration, enhanced wastewater treatment, and biomass generation could be effectively combined. Natural non-axenic phototrophic cultures comprising both autotrophic and heterotrophic fractions are particularly attractive in this endeavour, given their increased robustness and innate O2-CO2 exchange. In this study, the interplay between CO2-consuming autotrophy and CO2-producing heterotrophy in a non-axenic phototrophic biofilm was examined. When the biofilm was cultivated under autotrophic conditions (i.e. no organic carbon), it grew autotrophically and exhibited CO2 uptake. After amending its growth medium with organic carbon (0.25 g/L glucose and 0.28 g/L sodium acetate), the biofilm rapidly toggled from net-autotrophic to net-heterotrophic growth, reaching a CO2 production rate of 60 μmol/h after 31 hours. When the organic carbon sources were provided at a lower concentration (0.125 g/L glucose and 0.14 g/L sodium acetate), the biofilm exhibited distinct, longitudinally discrete regions of heterotrophic and autotrophic metabolism in the proximal and distal halves of the biofilm respectively, within 4 hours of carbon amendment. Interestingly, this upstream and downstream partitioning of heterotrophic and autotrophic metabolism appeared to be reversible, as the position of these regions began to flip once the direction of medium flow (and hence nutrient availability) was reversed. The insight generated here can inform new and important research questions and contribute to efforts aimed at scaling and industrializing algal growth systems, where the ability to understand, predict, and optimize biofilm growth and activity is critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Ronan
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Otini Kroukamp
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Steven N. Liss
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Gideon Wolfaardt
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- * E-mail:
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Leong WH, Lim JW, Lam MK, Lam SM, Sin JC, Samson A. Novel sequential flow baffled microalgal-bacterial photobioreactor for enhancing nitrogen assimilation into microalgal biomass whilst bioremediating nutrient-rich wastewater simultaneously. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 409:124455. [PMID: 33168319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel sequential flow baffled microalgal-bacterial (SFB-AlgalBac) photobioreactor was designed to cater for the synergistic interactions between microalgal and bacterial consortia to enhance nitrogen assimilation into microalgal biomass from nutrient-rich wastewater medium. The performance of the SFB-AlgalBac photobioreactor was found to be optimum at the influent flow rate of 5.0 L/d, equivalent to 20 days of hydraulic retention time (HRT). The highest microalgal nitrogen assimilation rate (0.0271 /d) and biomass productivity (1350 mg/d) were recorded amidst this flow rate. Further increase to the 10.0 L/d flow rate reduced the photobioreactor performance, as evidenced by a reduction in microalgal biomass productivity (>10%). The microalgal biomass per unit of nitrogen assimilated values were attained at 16.69 mg/mg for the 5.0 L/d flow rate as opposed to 7.73 mg/mg for the 10.0 L/d flow rate, despite both having comparable specific growth rates. Also, the prior influent treatment by activated sludge was found to exude extracellular polymeric substances which significantly improved the microalgal biomass settleability up to 37%. The employment of SFB-AlgalBac photobioreactor is anticipated could exploit the low-cost nitrogen sources from nutrient-rich wastewaters via bioconversion into valuable microalgal biomass while fulfilling the requirements of sustainable wastewater treatment technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Hong Leong
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Jun Wei Lim
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia.
| | - Man Kee Lam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Sze Mun Lam
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology (FEGT), Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 31900 Kampar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Jin Chung Sin
- Department of Petrochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology (FEGT), Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 31900 Kampar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Abby Samson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, United Kingdom
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Wang Z, Lee YY, Scherr D, Senger RS, Li Y, He Z. Mitigating nutrient accumulation with microalgal growth towards enhanced nutrient removal and biomass production in an osmotic photobioreactor. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 182:116038. [PMID: 32619685 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Forward osmosis (FO) has great potential for low energy consumption wastewater reuse provided there is no requirement for draw solutes (DS) regeneration. Reverse solute flux (RSF) can lead to DS build-up in the feed solution. This remains a key challenge because it can cause significant water flux reduction and lead to additional water quality problems. Herein, an osmotic photobioreactor (OsPBR) system was developed to employ fast-growing microalgae to consume the RSF nutrients. Diammonium phosphate (DAP) was used as a fertilizer DS, and algal biomass was a byproduct. The addition of microalgae into the OsPBR proved to maintain water flux while reducing the concentrations of NH4+-N, PO43--P and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the OsPBR feed solution by 44.4%, 85.6%, and 77.5%, respectively. Due to the forward cation flux and precipitation, intermittent supplements of K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, and SO42- salts further stimulated algal growth and culture densities by 58.7%. With an optimal hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 3.33 d, the OsPBR overcame NH4+-N overloading and stabilized key nutrients NH4+-N at ∼ 2.0 mg L-1, PO43--P < 0.6 mg L-1, and COD < 30 mg L-1. A moderate nitrogen reduction stress resulted in a high carbohydrate content (51.3 ± 0.1%) among microalgal cells. A solids retention time (SRT) of 17.82 d was found to increase high-density microalgae by 3-fold with a high yield of both lipids (9.07 g m-3 d-1) and carbohydrates (16.66 g m-3 d-1). This study encourages further exploration of the OsPBR technology for simultaneous recovery of high-quality water and production of algal biomass for value-added products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Wang
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, 63130, USA
| | - Yi-Ying Lee
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science and University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David Scherr
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Ryan S Senger
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Yantao Li
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science and University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zhen He
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, 63130, USA.
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Song X, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Si Z, Ge X, Gong Z, Zhou J, Cao X. Micro-aeration with hollow fiber membrane enhanced the nitrogen removal in constructed wetlands. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:25877-25885. [PMID: 31586317 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06315-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The nitrogen removal efficiency in constructed wetlands (CWs) was largely affected by the dissolved oxygen (DO). In this study, micro-aeration with different numbers of hollow fiber membrane modules (HFMEs) was adopted to increase the oxygen availability and improve the nitrogen removal efficiency in CWs under different air temperatures and different hydraulic retention time (HRT). Compared to the plant oxygen release (ROL) of wetland plants and traditional mechanical aeration, HFME increased the oxygen availability and enhanced the nitrogen removal efficiency in CWs. The COD and NH4+-N removal efficiencies increased with the increase of the HMFE. TN removal efficiency was increased by 8~16% after the application of HFME in CWs in the high-temperature stage. However, less HFME in CW-M1 realized the highest TN removal efficiency in low- and medium-temperature stages. At low temperature after 4-day HRT, the DO concentration respectively reached 6.25 mg L-1 and 3.25 mg L-1 in the upper zone and the bottom of CW-M1. The TN removal efficiencies in the upper zone of CW-M1 (60.69%) and the bottom of CW-M1 (64.98%) were all significantly higher than those in the upper zone of CK (35.98%) and the bottom of CK (39.9%). In addition, the microbial biomass and community analyses revealed that CW-M1 showed the most nitrifying bacteria and the best metabolic activity of bacteria. HEMF in CW-M1 also increased the nitrifying capacity from 0.12 to 0.46 mg kg-1 h-1. The application of HFME in CWs accelerated the nitrification process by enhancing nitrifying bacteria and less HFME realized the highest TN removal efficiency through nitrification-denitrification processes. Graphical abstract The application of hollow fiber membrane modules in CWs enhanced the pollutants (TN and COD) removal efficiency in the process of biological nitrification-denitrification and increased the number of nitrifying bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinshan Song
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufeng Zhao
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhui Wang
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihao Si
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Ge
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijie Gong
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Zhou
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Cao
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China.
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Chaudhary R, Tong YW, Dikshit AK. Kinetic study of nutrients removal from municipal wastewater by Chlorella vulgaris in photobioreactor supplied with CO 2-enriched air. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2020; 41:617-626. [PMID: 30074855 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1508250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The microalgae Chlorella vulgaris ATCC 13482 was used in the present study for municipal wastewater treatment. Batch experiments were performed in bubble column photobioreactors of 7 L working volume maintained at 25 ± 2°C and 14 h/10 h of photo and dark cycle. The treatment process was enhanced by using CO2-augmented air (5% CO2 v/v) supply into the microalgal culture in comparison to the use of normal air (0.03% CO2 v/v). For a period of 7 days, C. vulgaris effected maximum removals of 74.4% soluble fraction of chemical oxygen demand, 72% ammonia (NH4-N), 60% nitrate (NO3-N) and 81.93% orthophosphate (PO4-P) with use of normal air, whereas 84.6% sCOD, 88% NH4-N, 72% NO3-N and 92.8% PO4-P removals, respectively, with use of 5% CO2/air supply. Using kinetic study data, the specific rates of ammonia and phosphate uptake (qammonia and qphosphate) by C. vulgaris at 5% CO2/air supply were found to be 2.41 and 0.85 d-1, respectively. Using the algal remediation technology, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium recovery from sewage treatment plant of 37.5 million litres per day wastewater influent capacity was calculated to be ∼298.5, 55.4 and 83.7 kg d-1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramjee Chaudhary
- Environmental Infrastructure and Clean Technology (EICT) Laboratory, Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yen Wah Tong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anil Kumar Dikshit
- Environmental Infrastructure and Clean Technology (EICT) Laboratory, Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
- School of Business, Environment and Society, Mälardalen University, Vasteras, Sweden
- School of Environment, Resources and Development, Asian Institute of Technology, Klong Luang, Thailand
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Foladori P, Petrini S, Andreottola G. How suspended solids concentration affects nitrification rate in microalgal-bacterial photobioreactors without external aeration. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03088. [PMID: 31909261 PMCID: PMC6939075 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e03088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of microalgae for the treatment of municipal wastewater makes possible to supply oxygen and save energy, but must be coupled with bacterial nitrification to obtain nitrogen removal efficiency above 90%. This paper explores how the concentration of Total Suspended Solids (TSS, from 0.2 to 3.9 g TSS/L) affects the nitrification kinetic in three microalgal-bacterial consortia treating real municipal wastewater. Two different behaviors were observed: (1) solid-limited kinetic at low TSS concentrations, (2) light-limited kinetic at higher concentrations. For each consortium, an optimal TSS concentration that produced the maximum volumetric ammonium removal rate (around 1.8–2.0 mg N L−1 h−1), was found. The relationship between ammonium removal rate and TSS concentration was then modelled considering bacteria growth, microalgae growth and limitation by dissolved oxygen and light intensity. Assessment of the optimal TSS concentrations makes possible to concentrate the microbial biomass in a photobioreactor while ensuring high kinetics and a low footprint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Foladori
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, via Mesiano 77, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Serena Petrini
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, via Mesiano 77, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Gianni Andreottola
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, via Mesiano 77, 38123, Trento, Italy
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Lee YJ, Lei Z. Microalgal-bacterial aggregates for wastewater treatment: A mini-review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2019.100199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Parakh SK, Praveen P, Loh KC, Tong YW. Wastewater treatment and microbial community dynamics in a sequencing batch reactor operating under photosynthetic aeration. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 215:893-903. [PMID: 30408885 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A sequencing batch bioreactor (SBR) treating municipal wastewater was photosynthetically aerated using microalgae cultivated in a photobioreactor (PBR). Symbiotic interactions and CO2/O2 exchange were established between activated sludge in the SBR and microalgae in the PBR through hydrophobic hollow fiber membranes. Photosynthetic aeration enhanced COD removal in the SBR from 52.2% (without external aeration) to 90.3%, whereas N-NH4+ and P-PO43- removal increased by 63.5% and 90.4%, respectively. The SBR performance under photosynthetic aeration was comparable to that under mechanical aeration. However, no nitrification was observed in the SBR, indicating oxygen limitation and poor growth condition for nitrifiers. In the PBR, there was a rapid increase in biomass concentration and it stabilized at 3.0 g/L after 22 days of operation. High nitrogen demand in the PBR indicated the steady flow of inorganic carbon from the SBR through the membranes. Prolonged oxygen limitation and massive sludge attachment on the membranes resulted in low suspended sludge concentration in the SBR. Microbial community analysis indicated gradual enrichment of facultative and strictly anaerobic microorganisms in the SBR. These results highlight the potential of microalgae in lowering the cost of wastewater aeration and underline the challenges in sustaining symbiotic gas exchange during long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheetal Kishor Parakh
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Kai-Chee Loh
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yen Wah Tong
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Derakhshan Z, Ehrampoush MH, Mahvi AH, Dehghani M, Faramarzian M, Eslami H. A comparative study of hybrid membrane photobioreactor and membrane photobioreactor for simultaneous biological removal of atrazine and CNP from wastewater: A performance analysis and modeling. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2018.08.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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Tang CC, Tian Y, He ZW, Zuo W, Zhang J. Performance and mechanism of a novel algal-bacterial symbiosis system based on sequencing batch suspended biofilm reactor treating domestic wastewater. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 265:422-431. [PMID: 29933190 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel algal-bacterial symbiosis system based on sequencing batch suspended biofilm reactor (A-SBSBR) was developed for simultaneously enhanced nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) removal from domestic wastewater. Results showed that the total N (TN) and P (TP) removal efficiencies in A-SBSBR increased to 69.91% and 94.78%, respectively. The mechanism analysis indicated that TN removal mainly occurred at non-aeration stage, and TP removal happened during the whole cycle in A-SBSBR. Compared to control SBSBR, TN removal by denitrification and anabolism and TP removal by anabolism in A-SBSBR increased by 12.70%, 7.64% and 50.13%, respectively. The Chlorophyll a accumulation in biofilm increased to 4.80 ± 0.08 mg/g. Algae related to Chlorella and Scenedesmus and bacteria related to Flavobacterium, Micropruina and Comamonadaceae were enriched in A-SBSBR and responsible for the enhanced nutrients removal effect. This study may provide a new solution to achieve nutrients removal enhancement from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Cong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Zhang-Wei He
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Wei Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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12
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Tang CC, Tian Y, Liang H, Zuo W, Wang ZW, Zhang J, He ZW. Enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus removal from domestic wastewater via algae-assisted sequencing batch biofilm reactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 250:185-190. [PMID: 29172182 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study proposed a potential strategy for enhancement of nutrients removal from domestic wastewater by adding algae to sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) to form a novel algal-bacterial symbiosis (ABS) system. Results indicated that the algae-assisted SBBR increased the total nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiencies from 38.5% to 65.8%, and from 31.9% to 89.3%, respectively. The carriers fixed at the top of the reactor were favorable for both formation of ABS system and algae enrichment. The chlorophyll-a increased to 3.59 mg/g at stable stage, which was 4.07 times higher than that in suspension. Moreover, the bio-carrier replacement and sludge discharge were independent, indicating that the sludge and algae retention time could be separated. The mechanisms analysis suggested that the enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus mainly attributed to the enrichment of both algae biomass and total biomass in biofilm. This study highlights the significance of developing ABS system for wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Cong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Heng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Wei Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Zhen-Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Zhang-Wei He
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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13
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Shen Y, Gao J, Li L. Municipal wastewater treatment via co-immobilized microalgal-bacterial symbiosis: Microorganism growth and nutrients removal. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 243:905-913. [PMID: 28738545 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A symbiotic microalgal-bacterial system may be an optional technology for wastewater treatment. In this study, co-immobilized of a bacterium isolated from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (Pseudomonas putida) and a microalgae Chlorella vulgaris was used in the study of cell growth and nutrient removal during wastewater treatment under batch and continuous culture conditions. Under batch culture conditions, co-immobilization treatment significantly increased the cell density of C. vulgaris and P. putida compared with other treatments. The co-immobilized treatment also showed higher removal of ammonium, phosphate and COD than any single treatment, indicating that the nutrient uptake capability of C. vulgaris and P. Putida was mutually enhanced mutually. When tested in continuous mode, the treatment with a hydraulic retention time of 24h at the organic load rate of 1159.2mgCODL-1d-1 was most appropriate for wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shen
- Research Institute of Environmental Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jingqing Gao
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Linshuai Li
- Zhengzhou University Multi-Functional Design and Research Academy Co, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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