1
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Zhang B, Han Q, Liu Q, Wang Y, Bao J. Recycling of waste calcium carbonate in lignocellulosic biorefining chain for chiral lactic acid production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 395:130303. [PMID: 38199439 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
One of the major end-products of lignocellulosic biorefining chain is the solid residues containing various compounds. The present approach to solid residues treatment is combustion for generation of heat and electricity. This study investigated the potential for recycling of the combustion ash from the solid residues after lignocellulosic dry biorefining process. A range of characterizations showed that the combustion ash contained a high amount of calcium carbonate. By recycling the ash as the neutralizer in biorefining process, the waste calcium carbonate in the ash was efficiently utilized for pretreated biomass neutralization and can replace 40 % of calcium hydroxide for lactic acid production. The chiral L-lactic acid titer reached 102.4 ± 3.6 g/L from 20 % (w/w) solids loading of wheat straw. Three feasible strategies of ash recycling for the investigated biorefinery concept were further proposed base on the rigorous calcium mass calculation, which can efficiently reduce the consumption of neutralizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qingmei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ya Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Beisi Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang 800032, China
| | - Jie Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
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2
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Abu-Bakar NA, Roslan AM, Hassan MA, Rahman MHA, Ibrahim KN, Abd Rahman MD, Mohamad R. Environmental impact assessment of rice mill waste valorisation to glucose through biorefinery platform. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14767. [PMID: 37679379 PMCID: PMC10484976 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28487-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental impact assessment of glucose production from paddy milling waste, known as empty and partially filled paddy grain (EPFG) in Malaysia, was performed using life cycle assessment (LCA). Three scenarios were conducted based on system expansion of the process. The LCA was conducted using ReCiPe methodology at midpoint and endpoint levels. The results indicate that enzymatic hydrolysis phase is the hotspot in the conversion system due to enzyme production. In addition, the agriculture phase also contributed to negative impacts, especially towards climate change. An improved environmental load was observed in scenario 2 when all EPFG fractionation was utilised to replace fossil-based electricity. Sensitivity analysis showed an increase in glucose yield leads to reduced environmental impact. Thus, the LCA study suggests that the conversion process of EPFG could further benefit and improve the paddy industry waste management with low impact contribution to the environment compared to other feedstock used for glucose production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Ain Abu-Bakar
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Agrobiodiversity and Environment Research Centre, Malaysia Agriculture Research and Development Institute, Persiaran MARDI-UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Muhaimin Roslan
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Biopolymers and Derivatives Laboratory, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Product, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Ali Hassan
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Hariz Abdul Rahman
- Agrobiodiversity and Environment Research Centre, Malaysia Agriculture Research and Development Institute, Persiaran MARDI-UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Khairul Nadiah Ibrahim
- Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology, Lot 1988 Bandar Vendor, Taboh Naning, 78000, Alor Gajah, Melaka, Malaysia
| | | | - Rozyanti Mohamad
- Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology, Lot 1988 Bandar Vendor, Taboh Naning, 78000, Alor Gajah, Melaka, Malaysia
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3
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Liu J, Wang F, Zhao Q, Liu Y. Multifunctional conductive hydrogels based on the alkali lignin-Fe 3+-mediated Fenton reaction for bioelectronics. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 235:123817. [PMID: 36842746 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Requirements for sustainable development have led to the urgent need for low cost, green, and reproducible resources. Lignin is one of the resources meeting this requirement. Herein, an alkali lignin (AL)-Fe3+-H2O2 autocatalytic system was introduced to assemble multifunctional AL-Fe3+/polyacrylic acid (PAA) hydrogels. The AL-Fe3+ pair-mediated Fenton reaction can generate a large number of free radicals to accelerate gelation. Owing to the abundant hydrogen bonds and metal coordination bonds, the AL-Fe3+/PAA hydrogels possessed excellent mechanical properties (tensile strength of 38 kPa), adhesion properties (18 kPa for pigskin), and self-healing ability (78 % for tensile strength and 88 % for tensile modulus). In addition, hydrogel-based sensors with high durability, strain sensitivity, and fast response times were employed to accurately monitor motion or electrophysiological signals. Subsequently, a portable sensing device for the wireless and remote monitoring of a user's motion status was integrated. As a result, an AL-Fe3+-H2O2 autocatalytic system has great potential for use in hydrogel preparation in flexible bioelectronics and wearable sensors. It can promote the sustainable development of flexible bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, PR China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, PR China.
| | - Qian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, PR China
| | - Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, PR China.
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4
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Reena R, Alphy MP, Reshmy R, Thomas D, Madhavan A, Chaturvedi P, Pugazhendhi A, Awasthi MK, Ruiz H, Kumar V, Sindhu R, Binod P. Sustainable valorization of sugarcane residues: Efficient deconstruction strategies for fuels and chemicals production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 361:127759. [PMID: 35961508 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The global climate crisis and the ongoing increase in fossil-based fuels have led to an alternative solution of using biomass for fuel production. Sugarcane bagasse (SCB) is an agricultural residue with a global production of more than 100 million metric tons and it has various applications in a biorefinery concept. This review brings forth the composition, life cycle assessment, and various pretreatments for the deconstruction techniques of SCB for the production of valuable products. The ongoing research in the production of biofuels, biogas, and electricity utilizing the bagasse was elucidated. SCB is used in the production of carboxymethyl cellulose, pigment, lactic acid, levulinic acid, and xylooligosaccharides and it has prospective in meeting the demand for global energy and environmental sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rooben Reena
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695 019, Kerala, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Maria Paul Alphy
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695 019, Kerala, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - R Reshmy
- Department of Science and Humanities, Providence College of Engineering, Chengannur 689 122, Kerala, India
| | - Deepa Thomas
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Bishop Moore College, Mavelikara 690 110, Kerala, India
| | - Aravind Madhavan
- Rajiv Gandhi Center for Biotechnology, Jagathy, Thiruvananthapuram 695 014, Kerala, India; School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - Preeti Chaturvedi
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR Indian Institute for Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), 31 MG Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- Innovative Green Product Synthesis and Renewable Environment Development Research Group, Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712 100, China
| | - Hector Ruiz
- Biorefinery Group, Food Research Department, Faculty of Chemistry Sciences, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo, Coahuila 25280, Mexico
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Fermentation Technology Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Jammu-180001, J & K, India
| | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Department of Food Technology, T K M Institute of Technology, Kollam-691505, Kerala, India
| | - Parameswaran Binod
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695 019, Kerala, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India.
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Zhang B, Khushik FA, Zhan B, Bao J. Transformation of lignocellulose to starch-like carbohydrates by organic acid-catalyzed pretreatment and biological detoxification. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:4105-4118. [PMID: 34255378 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Corn dry milling provides a mature model for lignocellulose biorefinery process. To copy this technical success, a crucial step is to transform lignocellulose into starch-like carbohydrates (SLC), similar to milled corn grain and in a similar fashion to corn dry milling. The transformation process should be zero wastewater generation and sufficient fermentable sugar conservation; the product should be in solid particle form, free of toxic residues, and high enzymatic hydrolysis yield and fermentability. Here we designed and verified a SLC transformation process by (i) biodegradable oxalic acid-catalyzed pretreatment, and (ii) simultaneous biodegradation of inhibitors and oxalic acid catalyst. The oxalic acid catalyst was effective on disrupting the lignocellulose structure and also biodegradable at low pH value. The biodetoxification fungus Paecilomyces variotii FN89 was capable of degrading the furan/phenolic aldehydes and oxalic acid simultaneously and ultimately, while the fermentable sugars were well preserved. The obtained SLC from wheat straw and corn stover were similar to dry milled corn meal in terms of morphological properties, fermentable sugar contents, enzymatic hydrolysis yield, elemental contents, and free of inhibitors and acid catalyst. The bioconversion of starch-like wheat straw and corn stover produced 78.5 and 75.3 g/L of ethanol (9.9% and 9.5%, v/v) with the yield of 0.47 and 0.45 g ethanol/g cellulose/xylose, respectively, compared with 78.7 g/L (10.0%, v/v) from corn meal and the yield of 0.48 g ethanol/g starch. Mass balances suggest that the ethanol yield, wastewater generation, and elemental recycling of the SLC from lignocellulose were essentially the same as those of corn meal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Faryal A Khushik
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Baorui Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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6
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Zheng L, Han X, Han T, Liu G, Bao J. Formulating a fully converged biorefining chain with zero wastewater generation by recycling stillage liquid to dry acid pretreatment operation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 318:124077. [PMID: 32916463 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Huge wastewater generation is the major challenge of biorefinery technology for production of cellulosic ethanol. This study designed and verified a method for completely recycling of wastewater stream (the stillage liquid from the beer column) in cellulosic ethanol production by dry biorefining processing. When the stillage liquid was directly recycled to dry acid pretreatment operation, ethanol production gradually reduced after two recycles primarily because the inorganic compounds accumulated by around 139%. To ultimately solve this technical barrier, the stillage liquid was evaporated and condensed into distillated water, then recycled to the pretreatment for complete dry biorefining process. This strategy supported a stable cellulosic ethanol production, and the overall mass and heat balance confirmed that only 65% of the lignin residue consumption was used for wastewater evaporation with 35% surplus for electricity generation. This study provided a fully converged biorefining process with a closed-loop wastewater recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixiang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xushen Han
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Tao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jie Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
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7
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Production of Levulinic Acid from Cellulose and Cellulosic Biomass in Different Catalytic Systems. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10091006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The reasonable and effective use of lignocellulosic biomass is an important way to solve the current energy crisis. Cellulose is abundant in nature and can be hydrolyzed to a variety of important energy substances and platform compounds—for instance, glucose, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), levulinic acid (LA), etc. As a chemical linker between biomass and petroleum processing, LA has become an ideal feedstock for the formation of liquid fuels. At present, some problems such as low yield, high equipment requirements, difficult separation, and serious environmental pollution in the production of LA from cellulose have still not been solved. Thus, a more efficient and green catalytic system of this process for industrial production is highly desired. Herein, we focus on the reaction mechanism, pretreatment, and catalytic systems of LA from cellulose and cellulosic biomass, and a series of existing technologies for producing LA are reviewed. On the other hand, the industrial production of LA is discussed in depth to improve the yield of LA and make the process economical and energy efficient. Additionally, practical suggestions for the enhancement of the stability and efficiency of the catalysts are also proposed. The use of cellulose to produce LA is consistent with the concept of sustainable development, and the dependence on fossil resources will be greatly reduced through the realization of this process route.
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8
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Liu G, Bao J. Maximizing phosphorus and potassium recycling by supplementation of lignin combustion ash from dry biorefining of lignocellulose. Biochem Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Batista G, Souza RBA, Pratto B, Dos Santos-Rocha MSR, Cruz AJG. Effect of severity factor on the hydrothermal pretreatment of sugarcane straw. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 275:321-327. [PMID: 30594843 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.12.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The recalcitrant structures of sugarcane straw and related lignocellulosic biomasses require a pretreatment step to enable a better enzymatic attack during the hydrolysis. Factors like the energy consumption and the formation of inhibitors require the optimization of the pretreatment step. Thus, the influence of different severity factors (SF) on hydrothermal (also called liquid hot water, LHW) pretreatment was evaluated using a factorial design 22 with central point. The obtained results showed that low values of SF (<3.39) did not promote reasonable alteration in the sugarcane straw structures, whereas high SF values (>4.70) resulted in loss of hydrolyzed sugars, generation of inhibitors such as furfural, and formation of pseudo-lignin structures, despite high hemicellulose removal (∼97%). The residence time exhibited low influence on LHW. An optimum condition was found for the process (10 min and 195 °C) with low cellulose solubilization (9.80%) and a reasonable hemicellulose removal (85.45%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Batista
- Chemical Engineering Graduate Program, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís - km 235, CEP: 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata B A Souza
- Chemical Engineering Graduate Program, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís - km 235, CEP: 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruna Pratto
- Chemical Engineering Graduate Program, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís - km 235, CEP: 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Martha S R Dos Santos-Rocha
- Chemical Engineering Graduate Program, Federal University of Alagoas, Avenida Lourival de Melo Mota, s/n, Cidade Universitária, CEP: 57072-970, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Antonio J G Cruz
- Chemical Engineering Graduate Program, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís - km 235, CEP: 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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Liu G, Bao J. Constructing super large scale cellulosic ethanol plant by decentralizing dry acid pretreatment technology into biomass collection depots. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 275:338-344. [PMID: 30597395 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Commercial cellulosic ethanol plants require mature and year-round biomass feedstock supply. Decentralizing pretreatment operation from central ethanol plant into local regional biomass collection depots provides an important solution to reach this goal. In this study, we introduced a newly established pretreatment technology, dry acid pretreatment, into the decentralized pretreatment operation by its advantages on zero wastewater generation and high volumetric density. Collection radius of crop residues feedstock is extended to nearly 100 km by decentralizing dry acid pretreatment, and biorefinery scale for cellulosic ethanol production is increased to the scale of modern petroleum refining factories in the densified agricultural regions in China and USA with the minimum ethanol selling price of below $2/gal. The technology overcomes the barrier of cellulosic ethanol cost increase with increasing biomass collection range, and provides a methodology for optimal supply method of large biorefinery plants in agricultural countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jie Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
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11
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Hou W, Zhang M, Bao J. Cascade hydrolysis and fermentation of corn stover for production of high titer gluconic and xylonic acids. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 264:395-399. [PMID: 29958773 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) is an efficient fermentation operation in lignocellulose biorefining. However, SSF may not be applicable when the pH values of hydrolysis and fermentation do not match, or the strong intermediate inhibitors on cellulase activity are generated. This study proposed a cascade hydrolysis and fermentation (CHF) process for cellulosic gluconic acid fermentation to overcome the inhibition of the intermediate glucono-γ-lactone on cellulase activity. The pretreated and detoxified corn stover feedstock was enzymatically hydrolyzed into hydrolysate slurry, then gluconic acid and xylonic acid fermentations were directly conducted by inoculating Gluconobacter oxydans strain without solid/liquid separation. The sugar loss and energy consumption were effectively avoided by moving the solid/liquid separation into the fermentation stage. The experiments and the techno-economic analysis show that the CHF is simple and cost effective fermentation operation when SSF is not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiliang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Maofen Zhang
- Jilin Fuel Alcohol Co., PetroChina Corporation, Jilin Economic Development Zone, Jilin 132101, China
| | - Jie Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
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12
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Escalante FME, Carranza-Hernández A, García-Zamora A, Aguilar-Garnica E. Optimization of Lignin-Based Biocatalyst Production from Pine Sawdust and Wheat Straw. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23081877. [PMID: 30060472 PMCID: PMC6222859 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pine sawdust and wheat straw are abundant lignocellulosic wastes that have been recently converted into bioethanol under a biochemical platform scheme whose main waste is lignin. Lignin can be transformed into a wide variety of high added-value products, including its functionalization as a catalyst. A key step in the synthesis of a lignin-based catalyst is the sulfonation reaction, whose operating conditions, namely, H₂SO₄ to lignin ratio (mL/g), temperature and time, have been arbitrarily chosen. In this contribution, an optimization methodology (i.e., Box-Behnken) is applied in order to found the operating conditions during the sulfonation reaction that maximizes the total acid sites density of lignin-based catalysts from pine sawdust and wheat straw. The optimization results show that the time in sulfonation reactions can be significantly reduced, compared to those previously reported, without affecting the performance of both catalysts in esterification reactions. These results could be further considered for energy and costs reduction purposes during the conceptual design engineering of the sulfonation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Froylán M E Escalante
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Zapopan 45129, Mexico.
| | | | - Adelina García-Zamora
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Zapopan 45129, Mexico.
| | - Efrén Aguilar-Garnica
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Zapopan 45129, Mexico.
- Mexican Bioenergy Innovation Centre, Bioalcohols Cluster, Av. del Bosque 1145, El Bajío, Zapopan 45019, Mexico.
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