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Liu J, de Haan J, Montaño Rey IF, Bai Z, Chen WS, van Eekert MHA, Buisman CJN. Potential reuse of domestic organic residues as soil organic amendment in the current waste management system in Australia, China, and The Netherlands. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 344:118618. [PMID: 37459813 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Soil organic carbon (SOC) is essential for most soil functions. Changes in land use from natural land to cropland disrupt long-established SOC balances and reduce SOC levels. The intensive use of chemical fertilisers in modern agriculture accelerates the rate of SOC depletion. Domestic organic residues (DOR) are a valuable source of SOC replenishment with high carbon content. However, there is still a lack of knowledge and data regarding whether and to what extent DOR can contribute to replenishing SOC. This paper aims to unpack the potential of DOR as a SOC source. Total SOC demand and annual SOC loss are defined and calculated. The carbon flow within different DOR management systems is investigated in three countries (China, Australia, and The Netherlands). The results show that the total SOC demand is too large to be fulfilled by DOR in a short time. However, DOR still has a high potential as a source of SOC as it can mitigate the annual SOC loss by up to 100%. Achieving this 100% mitigation requires a shift to more circular management of DOR, in particular, more composting, and direct land application instead of landfilling and incineration (Australia and China), or a higher rate of source separation of DOR (The Netherlands). These findings form the basis for future research on DOR recycling as a SOC source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyao Liu
- Environmental Technology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jesse de Haan
- Environmental Technology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Iván Felipe Montaño Rey
- Environmental Technology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Zhanguo Bai
- ISRIC - World Soil Information, P.O. Box 353, 6700 AJ, the Netherlands
| | - Wei-Shan Chen
- Environmental Technology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Miriam H A van Eekert
- Environmental Technology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Cees J N Buisman
- Environmental Technology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Chozhavendhan S, Karthigadevi G, Bharathiraja B, Praveen Kumar R, Abo LD, Venkatesa Prabhu S, Balachandar R, Jayakumar M. Current and prognostic overview on the strategic exploitation of anaerobic digestion and digestate: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114526. [PMID: 36252837 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The depletion of fossil fuels and increasing demand for energy are encountered by generating renewable biogas. Anaerobic digestion (AD) produces not only biogas, also other value-added products from the digestate using various organic, municipal and industrial wastes which have several benefits like remediating waste, reduces greenhouse gas emissions, renewable energy generation and securing socio-economic status of bio-based industries. This review work critically analyzes the biorefinery approaches on AD process for the production of biogas and digestate, and their direct and indirect utilization. The left-out residue obtained from AD is called 'digestate' which enriched with organic matter, nitrogen, heavy metals and other valuable micronutrients. However, the direct disposal of digestate to the land as fertilizer/landfills creates various environmental issues. Keeping this view, the digestate should be upgraded or transformed into high valued products such as biofertilizer, pyrochar, biodiesel, syngas and soil conditioner that can aid to enrich the soil nutrients and ensures the safe environment as well. In this context, the present review focused to illustrate the current techniques and different strategic exploitations on AD proper management of digestate products for storage and further applications. Such a technology transfer provides a proven strategic mechanism towards the enhancement of the sustainability of bio-based industries, attaining the energy demand, safest waste management, protection of environment and reduces the socio-economic issues of the industrial sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chozhavendhan
- Department of Biotechnology, Vivekanandha College of Engineering for Women, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G Karthigadevi
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Sriperumbudur, India
| | - B Bharathiraja
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vel Tech High Tech Dr. Rangarajan Dr. Sakunthala Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Lata Deso Abo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Haramaya Institute of Technology, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - S Venkatesa Prabhu
- Center of Excellence for Bioprocess and Biotechnology, Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Ethiopia
| | - Ramalingam Balachandar
- Department of Biotechnology, Prathyusha Engineering College, Tiruvallur, 602 025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mani Jayakumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Haramaya Institute of Technology, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia.
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Beggio G, Bonato T, Schievano A, Garbo F, Ciavatta C, Pivato A. Agricultural application of digestates derived from agricultural and municipal organic wastes: a health risk-assessment for heavy metals. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2021; 56:1409-1419. [PMID: 34766855 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2021.2002628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A Human-health Risk Assessment was performed for an agricultural site in North-East Italy undergone digestate application to (i) check the compliance of digestate land spreading with the Italian and European regulations on contaminated agricultural soils and (ii) evaluate how resulting risk estimations can be influenced by the applied modeling assumptions. The assessment estimated the risk related to adults and children intake of Heavy Metals (HM) contained in crops at concentrations estimated by a soil-plant transfer model based on the substance-specific soil-water partition coefficients. Eight different scenarios were investigated, according to different digestate type (from biowaste and agro-industrial byproducts), digestate application techniques and soil background concentrations. Non-risky situations resulted in all scenarios involving digestate application. The totality of calculated non-carcinogenic Hazard Indexes (HI) and carcinogenic total risk (RTOTC) resulted below 0.02 and 3E10-9, respectively. In contrast with the definition, non-carcinogenic risks were associated with the considered soil background concentrations, with HI s up to 1.7 for child receptors, while carcinogenic risk was calculated below the concern threshold (i.e., RTOTC < 10-5). Accordingly, this study highlighted (i) non-concerning situations related with lawful application of digestates and (ii) the need to improve the modeling of bioavailability to plant of HMs background content of soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Beggio
- ICEA - Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Padova, Italy
| | - Tiziano Bonato
- Società Estense Servizi Ambientali (S.E.S.A. S.p.A.), Este, PD, Italy
| | - Andrea Schievano
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Garbo
- ICEA - Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Padova, Italy
| | - Claudio Ciavatta
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Pivato
- ICEA - Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Padova, Italy
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Ayodele OO, Adekunle AE, Adesina AO, Pourianejad S, Zentner A, Dornack C. Stabilization of anaerobic co-digestion of biowaste using activated carbon of coffee ground biomass. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 319:124247. [PMID: 33254469 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Process instability commonly encountered in anaerobic co-digestion (AcoD) of organic fractions of municipal solid wastes (OFMSWs) is addressed by utilizing hydrochar (CB-HTC) and activated hydrochar (ACB-HTC) derived from coffee ground biomass. Addition of CB-HTC or ACB-HTC shortened the lag phase resulting in high biogas yield of 68.57 Nl/kg oTS or 102.86 Nl/kg oTS, respectively within the first week. Improvement in biogas yield (~5% higher than the control) was due to unique properties which prevented washout of consortia of bacteria useful for AcoD and subsequently led to a more stable process. An increase in either OLR [1.0 kg oTS/(m3*d) to 1.5 kg oTS/(m3*d)] or temperature (36.5 °C to 42.5 °C) did not lead to increase in ammonium-nitrogen or TKN in reactors amended with hydrochars. Likewise, ratio of VFA/TA was within 0.2-0.3 after the fourth week in ACB-HTC treated reactor. Addition of ACB-HTC greatly improved nutrient retention in the digestate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olubunmi O Ayodele
- Institute of Waste Management and Circular Economy, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; Forest Products Development and Utilization, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, PMB 5054, Ibadan, Nigeria; Nanoscience Department, The Joint School of Nanoscience & Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, United States.
| | - Abiodun E Adekunle
- Biotechnology Center, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, PMB 5054, Ibadan, Nigeria; Institute of Fuel Research and Development, Bangladesh Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Adeyinka O Adesina
- Nanoscience Department, The Joint School of Nanoscience & Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, United States
| | - Sajedeh Pourianejad
- Nanoscience Department, The Joint School of Nanoscience & Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, United States
| | - Axel Zentner
- Institute of Waste Management and Circular Economy, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Christina Dornack
- Institute of Waste Management and Circular Economy, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
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Material Flows and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction Potential of Decentralized Composting in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Case Study in Tiassalé, Côte d'Ivoire. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17197229. [PMID: 33023240 PMCID: PMC7579658 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Despite many composting initiatives implemented in recent years throughout Sub-Saharan Africa, there is yet a lack of data on material flows and the potential contribution of decentralized composting towards greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation. This study fills this gap assessing flows, emissions reduction and other environmental benefits of decentralized composting, based on a pilot composting facility implemented in the municipality of Tiassalé in Côte d'Ivoire. Primary data collected at the site were visualized with the STAN version 2.6 software developed at the Vienna University of Technology (Austria), for material flows, while carbon emissions reduction was estimated using the UNFCCC methods. Results show that in 2017, from the 59.4 metric tons of organic waste processed by this pilot station, 14.2 metric tons of mature compost was produced, which correspond to 24% of the input mass (on wet weight basis). On dry weight basis, mature compost represents 36% of the input mass. The nutrient content of the compost is in line with data from literature on sub-Saharan African compost, and heavy metal contamination fulfils both French and German compost standards. Concerning the GHG emissions reduction potential, the results show that with this composting scenario, 87% of the baseline emissions occurring in open dumping can be avoided.
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Cao L, Keener H, Huang Z, Liu Y, Ruan R, Xu F. Effects of temperature and inoculation ratio on methane production and nutrient solubility of swine manure anaerobic digestion. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 299:122552. [PMID: 31923812 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of temperature and volatile solids (VS) ratio of feedstock to inoculum (F/I ratio) on methane (CH4) production and the solubility of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), cooper (Cu), and Zinc (Zn) after anaerobic digestion (AD) of swine manure. The highest cumulative CH4 yield of 470 L/kgVSfeed was obtained with F/I ratios of 2.0 and 3.0 with mesophilic (37 °C) temperature, and methane production rate decreased with the increase of F/I ratio. As F/I ratio increased from 0.5 to 4.0, the lag phase for methane production increased from 1.02 days to 13.52 days, indicating an initial inhibition at high F/I ratios. AD increased the concentrations of ammonia, Cu and Zn in the AD effluent supernatant, while decreased total and water extractive P concentrations. The changes of ammonia, Cu, Zn, and P concentrations were more significant with the increase of F/I ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leipeng Cao
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Ohio State University, OH 44691, USA; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Harold Keener
- Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Ohio State University, OH 44691, USA
| | - Zhenghua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yuhuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Roger Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Fuqing Xu
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Ohio State University, OH 44691, USA.
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7
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Stürmer B, Pfundtner E, Kirchmeyr F, Uschnig S. Legal requirements for digestate as fertilizer in Austria and the European Union compared to actual technical parameters. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 253:109756. [PMID: 31677424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biogas is mainly discussed in the context of renewable energy, digestate is playing a minor role. However, in the upcoming EU Fertilizer Product Regulation digestate as eligible component material is in line with the circular economy action plan. This article discusses the quality of raw digestate based on analysis data from Austrian biogas plants regarding to the current Austrian as well as the European fertilizer regulatory framework. Therefore, a survey among Austrian biogas plant operators for results of digestate analysis and substrate input and energy output is used. The results show, that the legislative framework applies to a minimum of 1.5 million tonnes of digestate. Austrian digestate is of high quality with regards to the nutrient content, required limit values for heavy metals and is also safe with respect to their hygienic parameters. The following European fertilizer product function categories are available for international trade of digestate: "organic soil improver", "growing medium", and "organic, non-microbial plant biostimulant". Establishing legal criteria determining End-of-Waste and subsequently the product status for digestate is another important step in the European circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Stürmer
- Austrian Compost and Biogas Association, Franz-Josefs-Kai 13/12-13, A-1010, Vienna, Austria; University College of Agricultural and Environmental Pedagogy, Angermayergasse 1, A-1130, Vienna, Austria.
| | - E Pfundtner
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Spargelfeldstraße 191, A-1220, Vienna, Austria
| | - F Kirchmeyr
- Austrian Compost and Biogas Association, Franz-Josefs-Kai 13/12-13, A-1010, Vienna, Austria
| | - S Uschnig
- Austrian Compost and Biogas Association, Franz-Josefs-Kai 13/12-13, A-1010, Vienna, Austria
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Ali AM, Nesse AS, Eich-Greatorex S, Sogn TA, Aanrud SG, Aasen Bunæs JA, Lyche JL, Kallenborn R. Organic contaminants of emerging concern in Norwegian digestates from biogas production. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2019; 21:1498-1508. [PMID: 31257390 DOI: 10.1039/c9em00175a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze a variety of environmental organic contaminants of emerging concern (CEC) and their metabolites in representative digestate samples from Norwegian biogas production plants. Biogas digestates can be a valuable source for soil amendments and/or fertilizers in commercial agriculture. It is important to assess whether the digestates contain harmful contaminants in order to avoid unintended exposure of human consumers. In total 19 biogas digestates from 12 biogas production plants in Norway were collected and analyzed. Furthermore, process related parameters such as pretreatment of substrates, additives, flocculation and temperature conditions were considered for interpretation of the results. The CEC levels found in the digestates were shown to be dependent on the original composition of the substrate, dry-matter content, and conditioning of the substrate. The sunscreen octocrylene (147 μg L-1) and acetaminophen (paracetamol; 58.6 μg L-1) were found at the highest concentrations in liquid digestates, whereas octocrylene (>600 ng g-1, on a wet weight basis = ww) and the flame retardant TCPP (tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate, >500 ng g-1 ww) were found at the highest levels in solid digestates, exceeding even the upper limit of quantification (uLOQ) threshold. The highest levels of total CECs were measured in solid digestates (1411 ng g-1 ww) compared to liquid digestates (354 μg L-1 equals 354 ng g-1). The occurrence of CECs in digestate samples, even after extensive and optimized anaerobic digestion, indicates that the operational conditions of the treatment process should be adjusted in order to minimize CEC contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aasim M Ali
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science (KBM), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), NO-1432 Aas, Norway.
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Laera A, Shakeri Yekta S, Hedenström M, Buzier R, Guibaud G, Dario M, Esposito G, van Hullebusch ED. A simultaneous assessment of organic matter and trace elements bio-accessibility in substrate and digestate from an anaerobic digestion plant. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 288:121587. [PMID: 31200348 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates a simultaneous assessment of organic matter (OM) and trace elements (TE) bio-accessibility in substrate and digestate from a full-scale anaerobic digester by a sequential OM extraction method. Simultaneous release of TE was determined along with the extraction of different OM fractions and the effects of extracting reagents on characteristics of OM were evaluated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The reagents used for sequential extraction of OM were not enough selective. However, proteins were particularly removed by 0.1 M NaOH, while 72% H2SO4 mainly extracted hemicellulose and cellulose. The OM fractionation allowed for simultaneous extraction of >60% of total As, Cd, Co, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn, while the extraction was limited for Al, Cr, Cu, Mo, and Pb. In substrate, >50% of total As, Co, Mn and Ni and <40% of total Fe, Zn and Mo were identified in bio-accessible fractions. In digestate, all elements demonstrated poor bio-accessibility except for As.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreina Laera
- University of Paris-Est, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement (EA 4508), UPEM, 77454 Marne-la-Vallée, France; University of Limoges, PEIRENE, Equipe Développement d'indicateurs ou prévision de la qualité des eaux, URA IRSTEA, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France.
| | - Sepehr Shakeri Yekta
- Department of Thematic Studies-Environmental Change and Biogas Research Center, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Rémy Buzier
- University of Limoges, PEIRENE, Equipe Développement d'indicateurs ou prévision de la qualité des eaux, URA IRSTEA, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Gilles Guibaud
- University of Limoges, PEIRENE, Equipe Développement d'indicateurs ou prévision de la qualité des eaux, URA IRSTEA, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Mårten Dario
- Department of Thematic Studies-Environmental Change and Biogas Research Center, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Giovanni Esposito
- University of Napoli "Federico II", Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Eric D van Hullebusch
- Université de Paris, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS, UMR 7154, F-75238 Paris, France
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A critical review: emerging bioeconomy and waste-to-energy technologies for sustainable municipal solid waste management. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42768-019-00013-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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11
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Beggio G, Schievano A, Bonato T, Hennebert P, Pivato A. Statistical analysis for the quality assessment of digestates from separately collected organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) and agro-industrial feedstock. Should input feedstock to anaerobic digestion determine the legal status of digestate? WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 87:546-558. [PMID: 31109555 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Management options for digestate produced by anaerobic digestion plants influence the environmental and economic sustainability of the biogas sector. Further, digestate can be both used or disposed of according to its legal classification: that is, waste or by-product, or product (by using End of Waste procedure). Currently, legal digestate status is decided by EU member states on a case-by-case basis, according to specific positive lists of input feedstocks and quality requirements in terms of physical properties and chemical concentrations. Biased exclusion of input feedstock can force digestate to a specific waste classification and undergo post-treatment and disposal options that can negatively affect the profitability of biogas installations. This is the case of the Italian regulation, where the positive list of input feedstock excludes a priori separately collected organic fractions of municipal solid waste (OFMSW), while including agro-industrial residues (AGRO). This study determined the differences between the two digestate typologies (OFMSW versus AGRO) through statistical analysis, implemented on a dataset, designed to gather data about digestate's physical-chemical parameters from relevant scientific literature and unpublished private databases. The datasets consisted of 190 entries, derived from more than 2,000 samples. Further, the study provided a compliance assessment between the resulting parameter means and the current regulation limits. Upper confidence limits for the means (level of significance α = 0.05) calculated for both digestate typologies were found to be compliant with the legal requirements. Therefore, no statistical ratio seems to support the difference in the legislative approach as proposed by Italian law-makers. OFMSW resulted significantly different from AGRO for VS (650.1 g/kg TS vs. 843.8 g/kg TS, respectively), N-NH4 (81.9 g/kg TS vs. 46.19 g/kg TS), N-TOT (109.7 g/kg TS vs. 65.32 g/kg TS), P-TOT (7.22 g/kg TS vs. 21.9 g/kg TS), Pb (18.6 mg/kg TS vs. 4.66 mg/kg TS), Ni (11.03 mg/kg TS vs. 8.20 mg/kg TS), Cr-TOT (12.74 mg/kg TS vs. 8.74 mg/kg TS) and Hg (0.08 mg/kg TS vs. 0.05 mg/kg TS). However, the statistical analysis must be implemented on a wider set of parameters not covered by this study (e.g. ecotoxicological features).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Beggio
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Schievano
- e-BioCenter, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Tiziano Bonato
- Società Estense Servizi Ambientali (S.E.S.A. S.p.A.), Via Comuna, 5/B, 35042 Este, PD, Italy
| | - Pierre Hennebert
- INERIS, National Institute for Industrial Environment and Risk Assessment, CS 10440 F-13592 Aix-en-Provence Cedex 03, France
| | - Alberto Pivato
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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12
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Le Bars M, Legros S, Levard C, Chaurand P, Tella M, Rovezzi M, Browne P, Rose J, Doelsch E. Drastic Change in Zinc Speciation during Anaerobic Digestion and Composting: Instability of Nanosized Zinc Sulfide. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:12987-12996. [PMID: 30339368 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b02697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is a potentially toxic trace element that is present in large amounts in organic wastes (OWs) spread on agricultural lands as fertilizer. Zn speciation in OW is a crucial parameter to understand its fate in soil after spreading and to assess the risk associated with agricultural recycling of OW. Here, we investigated changes in Zn speciation from raw OWs up to digestates and/or composts for a large series of organic wastes sampled in full-scale plants. Using extended X-ray absorption fine structure, we show that nanosized Zn sulfide (nano-ZnS) is a major Zn species in raw liquid OWs and a minor species in raw solid OWs. Whatever the characteristics of the raw OW, anaerobic digestion always favors the formation of nano-ZnS (>70% of zinc in digestates). However, after 1 to 3 months of composting of OWs, nano-ZnS becomes a minor species (<10% of zinc). In composts, Zn is mostly present as amorphous Zn phosphate and Zn sorbed to ferrihydrite. These results highlight (i) the influence of OW treatment on Zn speciation and (ii) the chemical instability of nano-ZnS formed in OW in anaerobic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Le Bars
- CIRAD , UPR Recyclage et Risque , F-34398 Montpellier , France , Recyclage et Risque, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
- Aix Marseille Univ , CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll France, CEREGE , Aix-en-Provence , France
| | - Samuel Legros
- CIRAD , UPR Recyclage et Risque , 18524 Dakar , Senegal , Recyclage et Risque, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Clément Levard
- Aix Marseille Univ , CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll France, CEREGE , Aix-en-Provence , France
| | - Perrine Chaurand
- Aix Marseille Univ , CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll France, CEREGE , Aix-en-Provence , France
| | - Marie Tella
- CIRAD , US Analyse , F-34398 Montpellier , France , Analyse, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Mauro Rovezzi
- Univ Grenoble Alpes , CNRS, IRD, Irstea, Météo France, OSUG, FAME , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | | | - Jérôme Rose
- Aix Marseille Univ , CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll France, CEREGE , Aix-en-Provence , France
| | - Emmanuel Doelsch
- CIRAD , UPR Recyclage et Risque , F-34398 Montpellier , France , Recyclage et Risque, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
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Cobo S, Dominguez-Ramos A, Irabien A. Trade-Offs between Nutrient Circularity and Environmental Impacts in the Management of Organic Waste. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:10923-10933. [PMID: 30170493 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b01590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Measuring the circularity of resources is essential to assessing the performance of a circular economy. This work aims at proposing an indicator that quantifies how effective a system is at extending the lifetime of its waste components after they have been discarded. The developed indicator was applied to study the circularity of nutrients within a system that handles the organic waste (OW) generated in the Spanish region of Cantabria. A superstructure was developed to determine the optimal configuration of the system. It is composed of alternative unit processes for (1) the management of OW and (2) the application of the recovered products as soil amendment to grow corn. A multiobjective mixed integer linear programming problem was formulated under two policy scenarios with different source separation rates. The problem was optimized according to six objective functions: the circularity indicators of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, which are maximized, and their associated environmental impacts to be minimized (global warming, marine eutrophication, and freshwater eutrophication). The model was fed with the life cycle assessment results obtained with the Environmental Assessment System for Environmental TECHnologies (EASETECH) version 2.3.6 and the nutrient flows in the agriculture subsystem, which were calculated with Denitrification-Decomposition (DNDC) version 9.5. It was concluded that improving nutrient circularity paradoxically leads to eutrophication impacts and that increasing the SSR of OW has a positive effect on the carbon footprint of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selene Cobo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Cantabria Avenida los Castros sin nombre , Santander , 39005 , Spain
| | - Antonio Dominguez-Ramos
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Cantabria Avenida los Castros sin nombre , Santander , 39005 , Spain
| | - Angel Irabien
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Cantabria Avenida los Castros sin nombre , Santander , 39005 , Spain
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