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Chen Y, Guo G, Li YY. Kinetic and elemental characterization of HAP-based high-rate partial nitritation/anammox system orienting stability and inorganic elemental requirements. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 251:121169. [PMID: 38281335 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Anammox-based processes are attractive for biological nitrogen removal, and the combination of anammox and hydroxyapatite (HAP) is promising for the simultaneous removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater. However, the kinetics of one-stage partial nitritation/anammox (PNA) in which ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and anammox bacteria (AnAOB) exist in a reactor are poorly understood. Moreover, inorganic elements are required to promote microbial cell synthesis and growth; therefore, monitoring of elements to prevent the limitation and inhibition of the process is critical. The minimum amounts of inorganic elements required for a one-stage PNA process and the elemental flow remain unknown. Therefore, in this study, kinetics, stoichiometry, and element flow in the long-term, high-rate, continuous, one-stage HAP-PNA process with microaerobic granular sludge at 25 °C were determined using process modeling, parameter estimation, and mass balance. The biomass elemental composition was determined to be CH2.2O0.89N0.18S0.0091, and the biomass yield (Yobs) was calculated to be 0.0805 g/g NH4+-N. Therefore, a stoichiometric reaction equation for the one-stage HAP-PNA system was also proposed. The maximum specific growth rate (μm) of AnAOB and AOB were 0.0360 and 0.0982 d-1 with doubling times of 19 and 7.1 d, respectively. Finally, the elemental requirements for stable and high-rate performance were determined using element flow analysis. These findings are essential for developing the anammox-based process in a stable and resource-efficient manner and determining engineering applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aoba, Aramaki-Aza, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Guangze Guo
- Department of Frontier Sciences for Advanced Environment, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aoba, Aramaki-Aza, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yu-You Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aoba, Aramaki-Aza, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan; Department of Frontier Sciences for Advanced Environment, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aoba, Aramaki-Aza, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan.
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2
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Chen WT, Chien CC, Ho WS, Ou JH, Chen SC, Kao CM. Effects of treatment processes on AOC removal and changes of bacterial diversity in a water treatment plant. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 311:114853. [PMID: 35276566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The effectiveness of different treatment processes on assimilable organic carbon (AOC) removal and bacterial diversity variations was evaluated in a water treatment plant. The van der Kooij technique was applied for AOC analysis and responses of bacterial communities were characterized by the metagenomics assay. Results show that the AOC concentrations were about 93, 148, 43, 51, 37, and 38 μg acetate-C/L in effluents of raw water basin, preozonation, rapid sand filtration (RSF), ozonation, biofiltration [biological activated carbon (BAC) filtration], and chlorination (clear water), respectively. Increased AOC concentrations were observed after preozonation, ozonation, and chlorination units due to the production of biodegradable organic matters after the oxidation processes. Results indicate that the oxidation processes were the main causes of AOC formation, which resulted in significant increases in AOC concentrations (18-59% increment). The AOC removal efficiencies were 47, 28, and 60% in the RSF, biofiltration, and the whole system, respectively. RSF and biofiltration were responsible for the AOC treatment and both processes played key roles in AOC removal. Thus, both RSF and biofiltration processes would contribute to AOC treatment after oxidation. Sediments from the raw water basin and filter samples from RSF and BAC units were collected and analyzed for bacterial communities. Results from scanning electron microscope analysis indicate that bacterial colonization was observed in filter materials. This indicates that the surfaces of the filter materials were beneficial to bacterial growth and AOC removal via the adsorption and biodegradation mechanisms. Next generation sequencing analyses demonstrate that water treatment processes resulted in the changes of bacterial diversity and community profiles in filters of RSF and BAC. According to the findings of bacterial composition and interactions, the dominant bacterial phyla were Proteobacteria (41% in RSF and 56% in BAC) followed by Planctomycetes and Acidobacteria in RSF and BAC systems, which might affect the AOC biodegradation efficiency. Results would be useful in developing AOC treatment and management processes in water treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- W T Chen
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - C C Chien
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li City, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - W S Ho
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - J H Ou
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - S C Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - C M Kao
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Du P, Li X, Yang Y, Zhou Z, Fan X, Chang H, Liang H. Regulated-biofilms enhance the permeate flux and quality of gravity-driven membrane (GDM) by in situ coagulation combined with activated alumina filtration. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 209:117947. [PMID: 34910991 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
It is a critical challenge for drinking water production when treating algae-contaminated surface water. In this study, the impact of in situ coagulation (C), activated alumina filtration (AA) and their combination (CAA) on the performance of gravity-driven membrane (GDM) was systematically assessed during 105-day operation. The results indicated that pretreatments in particular CAA could effectively enhance GDM flux, and the stable fluxes were increased to 3.1, 4.9 and 8.3 L/(m2·h) (LMH) for CGDM, AA/GDM and CAA/GDM, respectively when compared to the control GDM (2.0 LMH). Coagulation was beneficial to formation of thick but loose biofouling layer, while AA filtration was effective to retain foulants including extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), organics, total nitrogen and total phosphorus. The CAA/GDM could mostly remove these foulants, and facilitate the proliferation of bacterial genera that could consume EPS, further alleviating membrane fouling. The difference in loosely bound EPS and tightly bound EPS of biofouling layer attributed to the difference of reversible fouling and irreversible fouling, respectively. Morphological observations, variation in functional groups or elements further confirmed the difference in biological layers in different GDM systems. The occurrence of specific bacterial genera involving the potential to degrade protein, chitin and other high molecular weight organics was responsible for contaminant removals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Du
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Faculty of Urban Construction, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; China Academy of Building Research, Institute of Building Fire Research, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Xing Li
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Faculty of Urban Construction, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yanling Yang
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Faculty of Urban Construction, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhou
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Faculty of Urban Construction, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Fan
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Faculty of Urban Construction, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Haiqing Chang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610207, China.
| | - Heng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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Isaka K, Nitta S, Osaka T, Tsuneda S. Effect of inorganic carbon limitation on the nitrogen removal performance of the single-stage reactor containing anammox and nitritation gel carriers. J Biosci Bioeng 2021; 133:70-75. [PMID: 34688558 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2021.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein, the effect of inorganic carbon (IC) limitation on the nitrogen removal performance of the single-stage reactor containing nitritation and anammox gel carriers was investigated. As a result of a continuous feeding test, the effluent ammonium concentration increased as the IC concentration decreased, indicating the deterioration of nitritation activity, not anammox. Furthermore, the sensitivity of IC to anammox and nitritation activity was investigated in anammox and nitritation reactors, respectively. Consequently, the relationship between the effluent IC concentration and nitritation rate was well described using the Michaelis-Menten equation. The apparent Km value of nitritation was calculated as 4.4 mg-C L-1. In anammox reactor, it was calculated as 1.7 mg-C L-1. These results revealed that the affinity of nitritation gel carriers to IC was lower than that of anammox, supporting that nitritation activity was easily deactivated by decrease in the IC concentration rather than anammox. Microbial community analysis revealed that Nitrosomonas europaea and Candidatus Jettenia asiatica were the dominant species of ammonium-oxidizing and anammox bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuichi Isaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, Kawagoe-shi, Saitama 350-8585, Japan.
| | - Shiori Nitta
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, Kawagoe-shi, Saitama 350-8585, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Osaka
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan; Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tsuneda
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
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Chen Y, Sanjaya EH, Guo G, Li YY. High nitrogen removal performance of anaerobically treated fish processing wastewater by one-stage partial nitritation and anammox process with hydroxyapatite (HAP)-based syntrophic granules and granule structure. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 338:125526. [PMID: 34274590 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The one-stage partial nitritation and anammox process with the hydroxyapatite (HAP)-based syntrophic granules was studied for the ammonium nitrogen removal from the effluents of a self-agitated anaerobic baffled reactor treating the fish processing wastewater. When the ammonium in the influent was 1140 mg N·L-1, a high nitrogen removal rate and nitrogen removal efficiency of 1.51 ± 0.10 kg N·m-3·d-1 and 88.2% were obtained, respectively. Anammox bacteria of Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis and ammonium oxidizing bacteria of Nitrosomonas were the two most predominant bacteria, while nitrite oxidizing bacteria activity was low and could be neglected during the treatment. The inorganic element properties of the sludge were analyzed by several methods to confirm the existence of HAP granules. Optical microscopic observation and scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed the structure of the granular sludge.This study supports the feasibility and potential of this process for high-efficiency nitrogen removal from fish processing wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aoba, Aramaki-Aza, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Eli Hendrik Sanjaya
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Malang (Universitas Negeri Malang), Jl. Semarang No. 5, Malang, East Java 65145, Indonesia
| | - Guangze Guo
- Department of Frontier Science for Advanced Environment, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-20 Aoba, Aramaki-Aza, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yu-You Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aoba, Aramaki-Aza, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan; Department of Frontier Science for Advanced Environment, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-20 Aoba, Aramaki-Aza, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan.
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Dos Santos CED, Costa RB, Rabelo CABS, Ferraz Júnior ADN, Persinoti GF, Pozzi E, Foresti E, Damianovic MHRZ. Hacking biofilm developed in a structured-bed reactor (SBRRIA) with integrated processes of nitrogen and organic matter removal. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2021; 44:1841-1851. [PMID: 33864127 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-021-02564-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Biomass samples from a structured-bed reactor subjected to recirculation and intermittent aeration (SBRRIA) were analyzed to investigate the bacterial community shift along with the changes in the C/N ratio. The C/N ratios tested were 7.6 ± 1.0 (LNC) and 2.9 ± 0.4 (HNC). The massive sequencing analyses revealed that the microbial community adjusted itself to different organic and nitrogenous applied loads, with no harm to reactor performance regarding COD and Total-N removal. Under LNC, conventional nitrification and heterotrophic denitrification steered the process, as indicated by the detection of microorganisms affiliated with Nitrosomonadaceae, Nitrospiraceae, and Rhodocyclaceae families. However, under HNC, the C/N ratio strongly affected the microbial community, resulting in the prevalence of members of Saprospiraceae, Chitinophagaceae, Xanthomonadaceae, Comamonadaceae, Bacillaceae, and Planctomycetaceae. These families include bacteria capable of using organic matter derived from cell lysis, ammonia-oxidizers under low DO, heterotrophic nitrifiers-aerobic denitrifiers, and non-isolated strains of Anammox. The DO profile confirmed that the stratification in aerobic, anoxic, and anaerobic zones enabled the establishment of different nitrogen degradation pathways, including the Anammox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Eloísa Diniz Dos Santos
- Environmental Engineering Department, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Av. Dr. Randolfo Borges Júnior 1250, Univerdecidade, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, 38064-200, Brazil. .,Biological Processes Laboratory, São Carlos School of Engineering (EESC), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. João Dagnone 1100, Santa Angelina, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13563-120, Brazil.
| | - Rachel Biancalana Costa
- Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), R. Francisco Degni, 55, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14800-060, Brazil
| | - Camila Abreu Borges Silva Rabelo
- Biological Processes Laboratory, São Carlos School of Engineering (EESC), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. João Dagnone 1100, Santa Angelina, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13563-120, Brazil
| | - Antônio Djalma Nunes Ferraz Júnior
- Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (LNBR/CNPEM), Rua Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, 10.000, Polo II de Alta Tecnologia, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil.,Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana, Departamento de Bioquímica Y Genómica Microbiana, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Av. Italia 3318, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gabriela Felix Persinoti
- Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (LNBR/CNPEM), Rua Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, 10.000, Polo II de Alta Tecnologia, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Eloísa Pozzi
- Biological Processes Laboratory, São Carlos School of Engineering (EESC), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. João Dagnone 1100, Santa Angelina, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13563-120, Brazil
| | - Eugenio Foresti
- Biological Processes Laboratory, São Carlos School of Engineering (EESC), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. João Dagnone 1100, Santa Angelina, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13563-120, Brazil
| | - Márcia Helena Rissato Zamariolli Damianovic
- Biological Processes Laboratory, São Carlos School of Engineering (EESC), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. João Dagnone 1100, Santa Angelina, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13563-120, Brazil
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8
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Sun H, Shi W, Cai C, Ge S, Ma B, Li X, Ding J. Responses of microbial structures, functions, metabolic pathways and community interactions to different C/N ratios in aerobic nitrification. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 311:123422. [PMID: 32413636 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The responses of microbial structures, functional profiles and metabolic pathways during nitrification to four C/N ratios (0, 5, 10 and 15) were investigated in four parallel SBRs denoted as S0, S5, S10, S15. Results indicated that microbial diversities were affected by C/N ratios, while the same dominant taxa were observed, mainly including Proteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Rhodocyclales, Rhodocyclaceae, Zoogloea. The unique biomarkers were identified in each sludge sample through LEfSe analysis. Functional genera/enzymes responsible for removing organics and nitrogen coexisted in four SBRs at different abundances, except for that ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) Nitrosomonas (0.33%-0.66%) and ammonia monooxygenase (amo) (9.4 × 10-7-2.8 × 10-6) were only detected in S0. Moreover, PICRUSt analysis indicated similar overall patterns of metabolic pathways in four sludge samples. The network analysis revealed that total nitrogen removal positively correlated with hcp (Spearman's ρ of 0.853), and ammonia oxidizing rate was associated with amo (Spearman's ρ of 0.096).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Sun
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, 264005, China
| | - Wenyan Shi
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Chenjian Cai
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Shijian Ge
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Bin Ma
- College of Environment and Ecology, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Li
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, 264005, China.
| | - Jing Ding
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, 264005, China
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Wang C, Lei L, Cai F, Li Y. Nitrogen removal and microbial communities of a completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) at different inorganic carbon (IC) concentrations. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2020; 81:1071-1079. [PMID: 32541123 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process was initiated in a sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR). Then the reactor was operated under different IC/N ratios. The total inorganic nitrogen removal efficiency (TINRE) at IC/N ratios of 0.75, 1.0, 1.25, 1.5 and 2.0 were 37.0 ± 11.0%, 58.9 ± 10.2%, 73.9 ± 3.2%, 73.6 ± 1.8% and 72.6 ± 2.0%, respectively. The suitable range of IC/N ratio in this research is 1.25-2.0. The poor nitrogen removal performance at IC/N ratio of 0.75 was due to the lack of growth substrate for AnAOB and low pH simultaneously; at IC/N ratio of 1.0 this was because the substrate concentration was insufficient for fully recovering the AnAOB activities. Microbial analysis indicated that Nitrosomonas, Nitrospira and Candidatus Brocadia were the main ammonium oxidation bacteria (AOB), nitrite oxidation bacteria (NOB) and anammox bacteria (AnAOB), respectively. In addition, at IC ratios of 1.25 or higher, denitrification was promoted with the rise of IC/N ratio, which might be because the change of IC concentrations caused cell lysis of microorganisms and provided organic matter for denitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caimeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China E-mail:
| | - Lirong Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China E-mail:
| | - Fangrui Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China E-mail:
| | - Youming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China E-mail:
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11
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Effect of Carbon to Nitrogen Ratio on Water Quality and Community Structure Evolution in Suspended Growth Bioreactors through Biofloc Technology. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11081640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Application of biofloc technology could effectively treat wastewater. However, the effect of influent carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N ratio) on water quality and microbial community structure evolution in suspended growth bioreactors (SGBRs) through biofloc technology is still unclear. Here, we show that the total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) and nitrite nitrogen in the effluent of the C/N 10 treatment was significantly higher than that in the C/N 15, C/N 20 and C/N 25 treatments (p < 0.05). Higher TAN removal efficiency was obtained in treatments of C/N 15, C/N 20 and C/N 25, and there was no accumulation of nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen. Increasing the C/N ratio strengthened the elimination ability of total phosphorus and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The concentrations of TAN and COD first dropped to the lowest level and then increased slightly within one cycle in all treatments. The accumulation of biomass in the reactors increased with the increasing C/N ratio, indicating that a higher C/N ratio was conducive to microbial proliferation. The 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that the microbial community diversity in SGBRs was significantly higher than that in the natural wastewater (P0). The predominant phylum were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia, but Saccharibacteria occupied a dominant position in the late period of the experiment. Pathogens, such as Aeromonas, Acidovorax, Flavobacterium, and Malikia were significantly decreased after high C/N ratio simulative wastewater treating natural wastewater in the reactors. In summary, the water quality and biomass concentrations in SGBRs can be improved under the conditions of influent C/N ratio, equal to or greater than 15.
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12
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Kim H, Kim B, Yu J. Effect of HRT and external resistances on power generation of sidestream microbial fuel cell with CNT-coated SSM anode treating actual fermentation filtrate of municipal sludge. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 675:390-396. [PMID: 31030145 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A microbial fuel cell (MFC) with multiwall carbon nanotube (CNT) coated stainless steel mesh (SSM) coated anode (S-MFC) was operated with a filtrate generated by the fermentation of municipal primary sludge. The S-MFC's maximum power density (MPD: 69.8-164.9 W/m3) and energy recovery (ER: 0.15-0.60 kWh/kgCOD) were 7-21 times higher than those (3.8-27.3 W/m3 and 0.01-0.11 kWh/kgCOD) of MFC with a graphite felt as an anode (G-MFC). The microbial communities of S- and G-MFCs varied slightly depending on the electrode material. Chloroflexi (23.5%) was dominant in S-MFC, and Proteobacteria (25.3%) in G-MFC. Fermenting bacteria such as Rhodanobacter lindaniclasticus and Anaerolineaceae bacterium were dominated by continuous non-electrochemically active bacteria invasion because the actual fermentation filtrate was directly utilized as the substrate. Nevertheless, the CNT-coated SSM anode and the fermentation filtrate of primary sludge improved the power generation in MFC, which demonstrates the significant potential of this sidestream process for sludge treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongsuck Kim
- Water Works Research Center, K-water Research Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byunggoon Kim
- Water Works Research Center, K-water Research Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaecheul Yu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Shu D, Zhang B, He Y, Wei G. Abundant and rare microbial sub-communities in anammox granules present contrasting assemblage patterns and metabolic functions in response to inorganic carbon stresses. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 265:299-309. [PMID: 29909360 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen-transforming microorganisms play pivotal roles for the microbial nitrogen-cycling network in the anammox granular system. However, little is known about the effects of inorganic carbon (IC) stresses on the assemblage patterns and functional profiles of abundant and rare taxa. Herein, the community assemblage and functional traits of abundant and rare sub-communities were investigated. Results revealed that insufficient IC had adverse influences on the process performance, while anammox activity could be recovered by IC addition. Co-occurrence network analysis indicated that abundant and rare sub-communities present divergent co-occurrence patterns. Additionally, environmental filtering had different influences on the ecological adaptability of bacterial sub-communities. Furthermore, qPCR results illustrated that NH4+-N and NO2--N consumption were regulated by abundant sub-community, while their accumulation was mediated by rare sub-community. Collectively, these findings suggest that abundant and rare sub-communities present contrasting assemblage patterns and metabolic pathways, and functional profiles dominated selection of bacterial sub-communities under IC stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duntao Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Baogang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yanling He
- School of Human Settlements & Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Gehong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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