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Saleem S, Sheikh Z, Iftikhar R, Zafar MI. Eco-friendly cultivation of microalgae using a horizontal twin layer system for treatment of real solid waste leachate. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 351:119847. [PMID: 38142597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Solid waste leachate (SWL) requires dilution with water to offset the negative effects of high nutrient concentration and organic compounds for its microalgae-based treatment. Among attached cultivation systems, twin layer is a technology in which limited information is available on treatment of high strength wastewater using microalgae. Moreover, widespread application of twin layer technology is limited due to cost of substrate and source layer used. In the present study, potential of Scenedesmus sp. for the treatment of SWL was assessed on horizontal twin layer system (HTLS). Novel and cost-effective substrate layers were tested as attachment material. Wetland treated municipal wastewater (WMW) was used to prepare SWL dilutions viz, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% SWL. Recycled printing paper showed maximum biomass productivity of 5.19 g m-2 d-1. Among all the SWL dilutions, Scenedesmus sp. achieved maximum growth of 103.05 g m-2 in 5% SWL which was 16% higher than WMW alone. The maximum removal rate of NH4+ -N, TKN, and PO43- P was obtained in 20% SWL which was 1371, 1588 and 153 mg m-2 d-1 respectively. Varying concentrations of nutrients in different SWL dilutions significantly affected lipid biosynthesis, with enhanced productivity of 2.28 g m-2 d-1 achieved in 5% SWL compared to 0.97 g m-2 d-1 in 20% SWL. Hence, it can be concluded that 5% SWL dilution was good for biomass and lipid production, while the highest nutrient removal rates were obtained at 20% SWL mainly attributed to biotic and abiotic processes. Based on these results HTLS can be a promising technology for pilot scale to explore industrialized application of wastewater treatment and algal production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Saleem
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (IESE), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering (SCEE), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Zeshan Sheikh
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (IESE), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering (SCEE), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Rashid Iftikhar
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (IESE), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering (SCEE), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Mazhar Iqbal Zafar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
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2
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Liu Y, Tang S, Yan Q, Zhou J, Cai Z. Effectiveness and associated mechanisms of a combination of biofilm attached cultivation and mixotrophy in promoting microalgal biomass. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 393:130077. [PMID: 37989417 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The effectiveness and associated mechanisms of the biofilm attached cultivation (BAC) under mixotrophy in promoting algal proliferation were investigated. Commercially valuable unicellular microalgae Chromochloris zofingiensis was first used in BAC. Compared with suspended cultivation, the results unequivocally demonstrated the growth benefits of C. zofingiensis cells under BAC with high biomass productivity of 8.53 g m-2 d-1. The physiological and transcriptomic data revealed that the augmented biomass yield was attributable to larger cell size, higher accumulation of chemical substances, significantly upregulated carbon fixation pathway, and greater energy supply efficiency. Here, BAC acts as a "cage" was proposed. Specifically, cells allocate less energy toward mobility, directing a higher share toward growth and production due to their immobilized lifestyle. These findings provide novel insights for optimizing cultivation strategies for commercially valuable algal species and offer a novel perspective from microalgae physiological on understanding higher biomass yield in BAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing Liu
- The Institute for Ocean Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School (SIGS), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Si Tang
- The Institute for Ocean Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School (SIGS), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Qi Yan
- The Institute for Ocean Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School (SIGS), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Jin Zhou
- The Institute for Ocean Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School (SIGS), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Zhonghua Cai
- The Institute for Ocean Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School (SIGS), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong Province, PR China.
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3
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Zhang JT, Wang JX, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Wang JH, Chi ZY, Kong FT. Microalgal-bacterial biofilms for wastewater treatment: Operations, performances, mechanisms, and uncertainties. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:167974. [PMID: 37884155 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Microalgal-bacterial biofilms have been increasingly considered of great potential in wastewater treatment due to the advantages of microalgal-bacterial synergistic pollutants removal/recovery, CO2 sequestration, and cost-effective biomass-water separation. However, such advantages may vary widely among different types of microalgal-bacterial biofilms, as the biofilms could be formed on different shapes and structures of attachment substratum, generating "false hope" for certain systems in large-scale wastewater treatment if the operating conditions and pollutants removal properties are evaluated based on the general term "microalgal-bacterial biofilm". This study, therefore, classified microalgal-bacterial biofilms into biofilms formed on 2D substratum, biofilms formed on 3D substratum, and biofilms formed without substratum (i.e. microalgal-bacterial granular sludge, MBGS). Biofilms formed on 2D substratum display higher microalgae fractions and nutrients removal efficiencies, while the adopted long hydraulic retention times were unacceptable for large-scale wastewater treatment. MBGS are featured with much lower microalgae fractions, most efficient pollutants removal, and acceptable retention times for realistic application, yet the feasibility of using natural sunlight should be further explored. 3D substratum systems display wide variations in operating conditions and pollutants removal properties because of diversified substratum shapes and structures. 2D and 3D substratum biofilms share more common in eukaryotic and prokaryotic microbial community structures, while MGBS biofilms are more enriched with microorganisms favoring EPS production, biofilm formation, and denitrification. The specific roles of stratified extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in nutrients adsorption and condensation still require in-depth exploration. Nutrients removal uncertainties caused by microalgal-bacterial synergy decoupling under insufficient illumination, limited microbial community control, and possible greenhouse gas emission exacerbation arising from microalgal N2O generation were also indicated. This review is helpful for revealing the true potential of applying various microalgal-bacterial biofilms in large-scale wastewater treatment, and will provoke some insights on the challenges to the ideal state of synergistic pollutants reclamation and carbon neutrality via microalgal-bacterial interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Tian Zhang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Jian-Xia Wang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Jing-Han Wang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, PR China.
| | - Zhan-You Chi
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Fan-Tao Kong
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
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Tong CY, Lim SL, Chua MX, Derek CJC. Uncovering the role of algal organic matter biocoating on Navicula incerta cell deposition and biofilm formation. Bioengineered 2023; 14:2252213. [PMID: 37695682 PMCID: PMC10496527 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2023.2252213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous natural biofilm concentrates microalgal biomass on solid supports. However, the biofilm is frequently susceptible to exfoliation upon nutrient deficiency, particularly found in aged biofilm. Therefore, this study highlights a novel biofilm cultivation technique by pre-depositing the algal organic matters from marine diatom, Navicula incerta onto microporous polyvinylidene fluoride membrane to further strengthen the biofilm developed. Due to the improvement in membrane surface roughness and hydrophobicity, cells adhered most abundantly to soluble extrapolymeric substances-coated (sEPS) (76× 106± 16× 106 cells m-2), followed by bounded EPS-coated (57.67× 106± 0.33× 106 cells m-2), internally organic matter (IOM)-coated (39.00× 106± 5.19× 106 cells m-2), and pristine control the least (6.22× 106± 0.77× 106 cells m-2) at 24th h. Surprisingly, only bEPS-coated membrane demonstrated an increase in cell adhesion toward the end of the experiment at 72 h. The application of the bio-coating has successfully increased the rate of cell attachment by at least 45.3% upon inoculation and achieved as high as 89.9% faster attachment at 72 hours compared to the pristine control group. Soluble polysaccharides and proteins might be carried along by the cells adhering onto membranes hence resulting in a built up of EPS hydrophobicity (>70% in average on bio-coated membranes) over time as compared with pristine (control) that only recorded an average of approximately 50% hydrophobicity. Interestingly, cells grown on bio-coated membranes accumulated more internally bounded polysaccharides, though bio-coating had no discernible impact on the production of both externally and internally bounded protein. The collective findings of this study reveal the physiological alterations of microalgal biofilms cultured on bio-coated membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Y. Tong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Siew Li Lim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mei Xia Chua
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| | - C. J. C. Derek
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
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Adamu Ugya Y, Chen H, Sheng Y, Ajibade FO, Wang Q. A review of microalgae biofilm as an eco-friendly approach to bioplastics, promoting environmental sustainability. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 236:116833. [PMID: 37543134 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
In this comprehensive review, we delve into the challenges hindering the large-scale production of microalgae-based bioplastics, primarily focusing on economic feasibility and bioplastic quality. To address these issues, we explore the potential of microalgae biofilm cultivation as a sustainable and highly viable approach for bioplastic production. We present a proposed method for producing bioplastics using microalgae biofilm and evaluate its environmental impact using various tools such as life cycle analysis (LCA), ecological footprint analysis, resource flow analysis, and resource accounting. While pilot-scale and large-scale LCA data are limited, we utilize alternative indicators such as energy efficiency, carbon footprint, materials management, and community acceptance to predict the environmental implications of commercializing microalgae biofilm-based bioplastics. The findings of this study indicate that utilizing microalgae biofilm for bioplastic production offers significant environmental sustainability benefits. The system exhibits low energy requirements and a minimal carbon footprint. Moreover, it has the potential to address the issue of wastewater by utilizing it as a carbon source, thereby mitigating associated problems. However, it is important to acknowledge certain limitations associated with the method proposed in this review. Further research is needed to explore and engineer precise techniques for manipulating microalgae biofilm structure to optimize the accumulation of desired metabolites. This could involve employing chemical triggers, metabolic engineering, and genetic engineering to achieve the intended goals. In conclusion, this review highlights the potential of microalgae biofilm as a viable and sustainable solution for bioplastic production. While acknowledging the advantages, it also emphasizes the need for continued synthetic studies to enhance the efficiency and reliability of this approach. By addressing the identified drawbacks and maximizing the utilization of advanced techniques, we can further harness the potential of microalgae biofilm in contributing to a more environmentally friendly and economically feasible bioplastic industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunusa Adamu Ugya
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, China; Department of Environmental Management, Kaduna State University, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yangyang Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Fidelis Odedishemi Ajibade
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Technology Akure, PMB 704, Nigeria
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
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6
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Liao Y, Fatehi P, Liao B. Microalgae cell adhesions on hydrophobic membrane substrates using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 230:113514. [PMID: 37598610 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Microalgal cell adhesion and biofilm formation are affected by interactions between microalgae strains and membrane materials. Variations of surface properties of microalgae and membrane materials are expected to affect cell-membranes and cell-cell interactions and thus initial microalgal cell adhesion and biofilm formation rates. Hence, it should be possible to identify the dominant mechanisms controlling microalgal cell adhesion and biofilm formation. The effects of surface properties of three different microalgal strains and three different types of membrane materials on microalgal cell adhesion and biofilm formation were systematically investigated in real time by monitoring changes in the oscillation frequency and dissipation of the quartz crystal resonator (QCM-D). The results revealed that in general a higher surface free energy, more negative zeta potential, and higher surface roughness of membrane materials positively correlated with a larger quantity of microalgae cell deposition, while a more hydrophilic microalgae with a larger negative zeta potential preferred to attach to a more hydrophobic membrane material. The adhered microalgal layers exhibited viscoelastic properties. The relative importance of these mechanisms in controlling microalgae cell attachment and biofilm formation might vary, depending on the properties of specific microalgae species and hydrophobic membrane materials used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Liao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B5E1, Canada
| | - Pedram Fatehi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B5E1, Canada
| | - Baoqiang Liao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B5E1, Canada.
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7
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Liao Y, Fatehi P, Liao B. Surface properties of membrane materials and their role in cell adhesion and biofilm formation of microalgae. BIOFOULING 2023; 39:879-895. [PMID: 37965865 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2023.2280005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of surface properties of membrane materials on microalgae cell adhesion and biofilm formation were investigated using Chlorella vulgaris and five different types of membrane materials under hydrodynamic conditions. The results suggest that the contact angle (hydrophobicity), surface free energy, and free energy of cohesion of membrane materials alone could not sufficiently elucidate the selectivity of microalgae cell adhesion and biofilm formation on membrane materials surfaces, and membrane surface roughness played a dominant role in controlling biofilm formation rate, under tested hydrodynamic conditions. A lower level of biofilm EPS production was generally associated with a larger amount of biofilm formation. The zeta potential of membrane materials could enhance initial microalgae cell adhesion and biofilm formation through salt bridging or charge neutralization mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Liao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pedram Fatehi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Baoqiang Liao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
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Ugya AY, Chen H, Wang Q. Microalgae biofilm system as an efficient tool for wastewater remediation and potential bioresources for pharmaceutical product production: an overview. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2023; 26:131-142. [PMID: 37382505 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2023.2229920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
The role of microalgae in wastewater remediation and metabolite production has been well documented, but the limitations of microalgae harvesting and low biomass production call for a more sustainable method of microalgae utilization. The current review gives an insight on how microalgae biofilms can be utilized as a more efficient system for wastewater remediation and as potential source of metabolite for pharmaceutical product production. The review affirms that the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) is the vital component of the microalgae biofilm because it influences the spatial organization of the organisms forming microalgae biofilm. The EPS is also responsible for the ease interaction between organisms forming microalgae biofilm. This review restate the crucial role play by EPS in the removal of heavy metals from water to be due to the presence of binding sites on its surface. This review also attribute the ability of microalgae biofilm to bio-transform organic pollutant to be dependent on enzymatic activities and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The review assert that during the treatment of wastewater, the wastewater pollutants induce oxidative stress on microalgae biofilms. The response of the microalgae biofilm toward counteracting the stress induced by ROS leads to production of metabolites. These metabolites are important tools that can be harness for the production of pharmaceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adamu Yunusa Ugya
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Department of Environmental Management, Kaduna State University, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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9
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Chen G, Hu Z, Ebrahimi A, Johnson DR, Wu F, Sun Y, Shen R, Liu L, Wang G. Chemotactic movement and zeta potential dominate Chlamydomonas microsphaera attachment and biocathode development. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2023; 44:1838-1849. [PMID: 34859742 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.2014575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microalgal cell attaching and biofilm formation are critical in the application of microalgal biocathode, which severs as one of the hopeful candidates to an original cathode in bioelectrochemical systems. Many efforts have been put in biofilm formation and bioelectrochemical systems for years, but the predominant factors shaping microalgal biocathode formation are sketchy. We launched a pair of researches to investigate microalgal attachment and biofilm formation in the presence/absence of applied voltages using Chlamydomonas microsphaera as a model unicellular motile microalga. In this study, we presented how microalga attached and biofilm formed on a carbon felt surface without applied voltages and try to manifest the most important aspects in this process. Results showed that while nutrient sources did not directly regulate cell attachment onto the carbon felt, limited initial nutrient concentration nevertheless promoted cell attachment. Specifically, nutrient availability did not influence the early stage (20-60 min) of microalgal cell attachment but did significantly impact cell attachment during later stages (240-720 min). Further analysis revealed that nutrient availability-mediated chemotactic movements and zeta potential are crucial to facilitate the initial attachment and subsequent biofilm formation of C. microsphaera onto the surfaces, serving as an important factor controlling microalgal surface attachment. Our results demonstrate that nutrient availability is a dominant factor controlling microalgal surface attachment and subsequent biofilm formation processes. This study provides a mechanistic understanding of microalgal surface attachment and biofilm formation processes on carbon felts surfaces in the absence of applied voltages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Chen
- Department of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Hu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ali Ebrahimi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David R Johnson
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Fazhu Wu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifei Sun
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Renhao Shen
- Department of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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10
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Wang Y, Li L, Zhao D, Zhou W, Chen L, Su G, Zhang Z, Liu T. Surface patterns of mortar plates influence Spirulina platensis biofilm attached cultivation: Experiment and modeling. ALGAL RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2023.103079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
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11
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Ji C, Wang H, Cui H, Zhang C, Li R, Liu T. Characterization and evaluation of substratum material selection for microalgal biofilm cultivation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:2707-2721. [PMID: 36922440 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12475-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm cultivation is considered a promising method to achieve higher microalgae biomass productivity with less water consumption and easier harvest compared to conventional suspended cultivation. However, studies focusing on the selection of substratum material and optimization of the growth of certain microalgae species on specific substratum are limited. This study investigated the selection of membranous and fabric fiber substrata for the attachment of unicellular microalgae Scenedesmus dimorphus and filamentous microalgae Tribonema minus in biofilm cultivation. The results indicated that both algal species preferred hydrophilic membranous substrata and nitrate cellulose/cellulose acetate membrane (CN-CA) was selected as a suitable candidate on which the obtained biomass yields were up to 10.24 and 7.81 g m-2 day-1 for S. dimorphus and T. minus, respectively. Furthermore, high-thread cotton fiber (HCF) and low-thread polyester fiber (LPEF) were verified as the potential fabric fiber substrata for S. dimorphus (5.42 g m-2 day-1) and T. minus (5.49 g m-2 day-1) attachment, respectively. The regrowth of microalgae biofilm cultivation strategy was applied to optimize the algae growth on the fabric fiber substrata, with higher biomass density and shear resistibility achieved for both algal species. The present data highlight the importance to establish the standards for selection the suitable substratum materials in ensuring the high efficiency and sustainability of the attached microalgal biomass production. KEY POINTS: • CN-CA was suitable membranous substratum candidate for algal biofilm cultivation. • HCF and LPEF were potential fabric fiber substrata for S. dimorphus and T. minus. • Regrowth biofilm cultivation was effective in improving algal biomass and attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Ji
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong, China
| | - Hongli Cui
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Chunhui Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Runzhi Li
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China.
| | - Tianzhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong, China.
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12
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Huang Y, Zhang B, Chen K, Xia A, Zhu X, Zhu X, Liao Q. Temperature-controlled microalgae biofilm adsorption/desorption in a thermo-responsive light-guided 3D porous photo-bioreactor for CO 2 fixation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114645. [PMID: 36323351 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae biofilm-based culture provides an efficient CO2 reduction and wastewater treatment method for its high photosynthetic efficiency and density. As supporting substrates for microalgae biofilm, porous materials have a big available adsorption area, but mutual shading makes it difficult to transmit external light to the internal surface for attached cells' photosynthesis. Thus, light-guided particles (SiO2) were introduced into photosensitive resin to fabricate a light-guided ordered porous photobioreactor (PBR) by 3D printing technology in this study. The space utilization of the PBR was significantly enhanced and the effective microalgae adsorption area was increased by 13.6 times. Further, a thermo-responsive hydrogel was grafted onto the surface of the substrate to form a smart temperature-controllable interface that could enhance microalgae adsorption and desorption in both directions. When the thermo-responsive layer received light, it would generate heat due to the hydrogel's photo-thermal effect. And the surface temperature would then raise to 33 °C, higher than the hydrogel phase transition point of 32 °C, making the surface shrinking and more hydrophobicity for microalgae cells attachment. The microalgae cells' adsorption capacity increased by 103%, resulting in a high microalgae growth rate of 3.572 g m-2 d-1. When turning off the light, the surface temperature would cool down to below 20 °C, the surface would shrink. And the biofilm shows a 564.7% increase in desorption ability, realizing temperature-controlled microalgae harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400044, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
| | - Beiyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400044, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Keming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400044, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Ao Xia
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400044, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Xianqing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400044, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Xun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400044, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Qiang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400044, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
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Zeng W, Chen K, Huang Y, Xia A, Zhu X, Zhu X, Liao Q. Three-dimensional porous biofilm photobioreactor with light-conducting frameworks for high-efficiency microalgal growth. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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14
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Zeng W, Ma S, Huang Y, Xia A, Zhu X, Zhu X, Liao Q. Bifunctional lighting/supporting substrate for microalgal photosynthetic biofilm to bio-remove ammonia nitrogen from high turbidity wastewater. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 223:119041. [PMID: 36081254 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Treatment technologies based on microalgal biofilms have an enormous potential for dealing with water pollution because they can efficiently redirect nutrients from wastewater to renewable biomass feedstock. However, poor light transmittance is caused by the high turbidity of wastewater, which hinders the commercial application of microalgal biofilm-based wastewater treatment. Here, a bifunctional substrate with lighting and biofilm support functions was constructed using a light guide plate. In a biofilm photobioreactor (bPBR) with a bifunctional lighting/supporting substrate (BL/S substrate), light can directly irradiate the biofilm to avoid attenuation by the turbid wastewater. Direct irradiation of light onto the biofilm led to a 93.0% enhancement of microalgal photoconversion efficiency when compared to that of a supporting substrate without lighting (SO substrate). Meanwhile, the maximum growth rate of the microalgal biofilm on the BL/S substrate was 8.7 g m-2 d-1, which was increased by 60.3%. The removal rate of ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) from the digested wastewater contributed by the microalgal biofilm reached 22.6 mg L-1 d-1, which was higher than the previously reported that of NH4+-N from turbid digested wastewater by the biofilms. Furthermore, the BL/S substrate can facilitate the secretion of abundant extracellular polymeric substrates, which results in the stable adhesion of the biofilm onto the BL/S substrate. The optical density of the microalgae cells at the outlet of the bPBR with BL/S substrate was below 0.1, which was 94% lower than that of the bPBR with the SO substrate. The results indicated the BL/S substrate may avoid the loss of microalgal biomass, and almost all biomass could be easily harvested from the biofilm for algae-based biomass resources. Consequently, this study can offer a promising alternative with efficient treatment technologies for wastewater with high turbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weida Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Shiyan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Ao Xia
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xianqing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Qiang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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15
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Critical Review on Nanomaterials for Enhancing Bioconversion and Bioremediation of Agricultural Wastes and Wastewater. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15155387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD), microalgae cultivation, and microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are the major biological processes to convert organic solid wastes and wastewater in the agricultural industry into biofuels, biopower, various biochemical and fertilizer products, and meanwhile, recycle water. Various nanomaterials including nano zero valent irons (nZVIs), metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs), carbon-based and multicompound nanomaterials have been studied to improve the economics and environmental sustainability of those biological processes by increasing their conversion efficiency and the quality of products, and minimizing the negative impacts of hazardous materials in the wastes. This review article presented the structures, functionalities and applications of various nanomaterials that have been studied to improve the performance of AD, microalgae cultivation, and MFCs for recycling and valorizing agricultural solid wastes and wastewater. The review also discussed the methods that have been studied to improve the performance of those nanomaterials for their applications in those biological processes.
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16
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Summers S, Pek YS, Vinod DP, McDougald D, Todd PA, Birch WR, Rice SA. Bacterial biofilm colonization and succession in tropical marine waters are similar across different types of stone materials used in seawall construction. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:928877. [PMID: 35958146 PMCID: PMC9358718 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.928877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Seawalls are important in protecting coastlines from currents, erosion, sea-level rise, and flooding. They are, however, associated with reduced biodiversity, due to their steep orientation, lack of microhabitats, and the materials used in their construction. Hence, there is considerable interest in modifying seawalls to enhance the settlement and diversity of marine organisms, as microbial biofilms play a critical role facilitating algal and invertebrate colonization. We assessed how different stone materials, ranging from aluminosilicates to limestone and concrete, affect biofilm formation. Metagenomic assessment of marine microbial communities indicated no significant impact of material on microbial diversity, irrespective of the diverse surface chemistry and topography. Based on KEGG pathway analysis, surface properties appeared to influence the community composition and function during the initial stages of biofilm development, but this effect disappeared by Day 31. We conclude that marine biofilms converged over time to a generic marine biofilm, rather than the underlying stone substrata type playing a significant role in driving community composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Summers
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Y. Shona Pek
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Deepthi P. Vinod
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Diane McDougald
- Australian Institute for Microbiology and Infection, The University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter A. Todd
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - William R. Birch
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Scott A. Rice
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Agriculture and Food, Microbiomes for One Systems Health, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Canberra, ACT, Australia
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17
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Zheng Y, Zhang Q, Zhang Z, Jing Y, Hu J, He C, Lu C. A review on biological recycling in agricultural waste-based biohydrogen production: Recent developments. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 347:126595. [PMID: 34953992 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen has become a research highlight by virtue of its clean energy production technology and high energy content. The technology of biohydrogen production from biological waste via fermentation has lower costs, provides environment-friendly methods regarding energy balance, and creates a pathway for sustainable utilization of massive agricultural waste. However, biohydrogen production is generally limited by lower productivity. Many studies have been conducted aimed at improving biohydrogen production efficiency. Hence, this review is intended to describe improving routes for biohydrogen production from agricultural waste and highlights recent advances in these approaches. In addition, the critical factors affecting biohydrogen production, including the pretreatment method, substrate resource, fermentation conditions, and bioreactor design, were also comprehensively discussed along with challenges and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Zheng
- Key Laboratory of New Materials and Facilities for Rural Renewable Energy of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Nanomaterials, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomass Energy, Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Quanguo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of New Materials and Facilities for Rural Renewable Energy of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Nanomaterials, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomass Energy, Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of New Materials and Facilities for Rural Renewable Energy of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Nanomaterials, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomass Energy, Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yanyan Jing
- Key Laboratory of New Materials and Facilities for Rural Renewable Energy of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Nanomaterials, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomass Energy, Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jianjun Hu
- Key Laboratory of New Materials and Facilities for Rural Renewable Energy of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Nanomaterials, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomass Energy, Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Chao He
- Key Laboratory of New Materials and Facilities for Rural Renewable Energy of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Nanomaterials, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomass Energy, Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Chaoyang Lu
- Key Laboratory of New Materials and Facilities for Rural Renewable Energy of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Nanomaterials, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomass Energy, Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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18
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Chen C, Wen S, Wang Z, Zhang D, Zhang J, Yan C, Cong W. Enhancement of biofilm formation and microalgae growth by preparing cellulose film with rough surface. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-02901-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Spatial persistence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 flowing on micropatterned structures inspired by stomata and microgrooves of leafy greens. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2021.102889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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20
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Li SF, Fanesi A, Martin T, Lopes F. Biomass production and physiology of Chlorella vulgaris during the early stages of immobilized state are affected by light intensity and inoculum cell density. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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21
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Moreno Osorio JH, Pollio A, Frunzo L, Lens PNL, Esposito G. A Review of Microalgal Biofilm Technologies: Definition, Applications, Settings and Analysis. FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2021.737710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm-based algal cultivation has many advantages over the conventional suspended growth methods and has received increased attention as a potential platform for algal production, wastewater treatment (nutrient removal), and a potential pathway to supply feedstock for microalgae-based biorefinery attempts. However, the attached cultivation by definition and application is a result of a complex interaction between the biotic and abiotic components involved. Therefore, the entire understanding of the biofilm nature is still a research challenge due to the need for real-time analysis of the system. In this review, the state of the art of biofilm definition, its life cycle, the proposed designs of bioreactors, screening of carrier materials, and non-destructive techniques for the study of biofilm formation and performance are summarized. Perspectives for future research needs are also discussed to provide a primary reference for the further development of microalgal biofilm systems.
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22
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Mahmoud EA, Gad Mohamed AM, Farrag AEHA, Aboeldahb SAM. Evaluation of the most promising techniques overcoming the algal problems takes place during the purification of drinking water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:44239-44248. [PMID: 33846925 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13674-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This work aims to study the technical problems of algal blooms that hinder the purification process of surface water used for drinking purposes and not its harmful effect on human health and the surrounding environment. It is also related to the demonstration of the improved coagulation process as an efficient technique in the algal removal from surface water by its application in jar tests. The study was carried out in the water purification plant in Nazlet Abdellah near the city of Assiut, Egypt. To achieve that, many ores and natural materials which aid in the removing of the algal blooms from surface water during the purification processes were tested. The examined materials should be technically and economically proper for improving the removal of algae from treated surface water for drinking purposes. The results showed that the kaolinite and bentonite (K and B) when coupled separately with aluminum sulfate (alum.) (the main coagulant agent) associated with the raw surface water in the flocculation basin were more efficient in the algae removal from treated surface water before reaching the sand filters by ratio up to 90%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A Mahmoud
- Petroleum Biotechnology Lab, Processes Development Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, Egypt.
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23
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Substrate properties as controlling parameters in attached algal cultivation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:1823-1835. [PMID: 33564919 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11127-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
There is growing interest in attached algae cultivation systems because they could provide a more cost- and energy-efficient alternative to planktonic (suspended algae) cultivation systems for many applications. However, attached growth systems have been far less studied than planktonic systems and have largely emphasized algae strains of most interest for biofuels. New algal biorefinery pathways have assessed the commercial potentials of algal biomass beyond biofuel production and placed more emphasis on value-added products from that biomass. Therefore, algal strain selection criteria and biomass cultivation methods need to be updated to include additional strains for improved efficiency. One possible way of improving attached cultivation systems is through engineering substrate surface characteristics to boost algal adhesion and enable strain selective algal colonization and growth. This review explores the effect of substrate chemical and topographical characteristics on the cultivation of attached algae. It also highlights the importance of considering algal community structure and attachment mechanisms in investigating attached algae systems using the example of filamentous algae found in algal turf scrubber (ATS™) systems. KEY POINTS : • Attached algal cultivation is a promising alternative to planktonic cultivation. • Performance increase results from tuning surface qualities of attachment substrates. • Attachment adaptation of periphytic algae has innate potential for cultivation.
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24
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Zeng W, Huang Y, Xia A, Liao Q, Chen K, Zhu X, Zhu X. Thermoresponsive Surfaces Grafted by Shrinkable Hydrogel Poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) for Controlling Microalgae Cells Adhesion during Biofilm Cultivation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:1178-1189. [PMID: 33403849 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c03084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae is a promising candidate for reducing greenhouse gas and producing renewable biofuels. For microalgae biofilm cultivation, a strong adhesion ability of microalgae cells onto the surface is a prerequisite to resist the fluid shear stress, while strong adhesion is not of benefit to the biofilm harvesting process. To solve this dilemma, a thermoresponsive surface (TMRS) with lower critical solution temperature of 33 °C was made by grafting N-isopropylacrylamide onto a silicate glass slide. The wettability of the TMRS changed from hydrophilic (contact angle of 59.4°) to hydrophobic (contact angle of 91.6°) when the temperature rose from 15 to 35 °C, resulting in the increase of adhesion energy of the TMRS to Chlorella vulgaris cells by 135.6%. The experiments showed that the cells were more likely to attach onto the TMRS at the higher temperature of 35 °C owing to the surface microstructures generated by the hydrogel layer shrinkage, which is similar in size to the microalgae cells. And the cell coverage rate on TMRS increased by 32% compared to the original glass surface. Conversely, the cells separate easily from the TMRS at a lower temperature of 15 °C, and the cell adhesion density was reduced by 19% due to hydrogel layer swelling to a relatively flat surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weida Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Low-Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Yun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Low-Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Ao Xia
- Key Laboratory of Low-Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Low-Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Keming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Low-Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Xun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Low-Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Xianqing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Low-Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
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Tang J, Liu B, Gao L, Wang W, Liu T, Su G. Impacts of surface wettability and roughness of styrene-acrylic resin films on adhesion behavior of microalgae Chlorella sp. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 199:111522. [PMID: 33370706 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm attached cultivation is a promising method for efficient production of microalgae. Determining the surface property index to select an appropriate substrate benefiting the algae adhesion and biofilm formation is very important for the cultivation method. This work focused on elucidating and quantifying the influence of surface wettability and roughness of substrate on Chlorella vulgaris adhesion. Firstly, surface modified styrene-acrylic (SA) resin films by adding different dosage of perfluoroalkyl ethyl acrylate (FM) were prepared. Property characterization shows that the surface contact angle in water, formamide and diiodomethane of FM modified SA films is significantly associated with the FM dosage, while the other surface properties including zeta potential, surface potential and surface roughness have insignificant difference. The calculated surface free energy parameters show that the SA films belong to the non-polar substrata. A well quantitative correlation that the adhesion capacity of C. vulgaris linearly declines with the increase of water contact angle was obtained. And a near linear relationship between the adhesion capacity and the surface free energy (γ), or the cohesion free energy (ΔGcoh) was also observed. Secondly, the surface roughness solely changed SA films were prepared by replicating the morphology of stainless steel sieves through the PDMS template method. The patterned SA films have alternately arranged rectangular "valleys" and "ridges". A well linear correlation between the microalgae adhesion capacity and the surface roughness was also obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Bin Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Lili Gao
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Wenqing Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Tianzhong Liu
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
| | - Ge Su
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
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26
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Yu Z, Pei H, Li Y, Yang Z, Xie Z, Hou Q, Nie C. Inclined algal biofilm photobioreactor (IABPBR) for cost-effective cultivation of lipid-rich microalgae and treatment of seawater-diluted anaerobically digested effluent from kitchen waste with the aid of phytohormones. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 315:123761. [PMID: 32652437 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Previous study has demonstrated that freshwater can be replaced with seawater for dilution of feed to algal production and wastewater treatment, but high harvest cost in suspended-growth systems is still a troublesome limitation for large-scale production. Therefore, a novel inclined algal biofilm photobioreactor (IABPBR) was constructed for algal bioproduct production and treatment of seawater-diluted anaerobically digested effluent (SA) in this study. Fluffy polyester was selected as the best carrier for the algal biofilm among ten discarded materials. With the help of phytohormones, the viability of SDEC-18 was clearly enhanced and an algal biomass productivity of 5.66 g/m2/d was achieved. The SDEC-18 biofilm provided removal capacities of 0.65, 0.25 and 3.31 g/m2/d for TN, TP and COD. Phytohormones clearly enhanced the lipid biosynthesis, with an extraordinary lipid productivity of 3.98 g/m2/d being achieved. Moreover, an automatic harvesting system was designed for the efficient harvesting process during large-scale production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Center on Environmental Science and Technology, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Haiyan Pei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Center on Environmental Science and Technology, Jinan 250061, China.
| | - Yizhen Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Center on Environmental Science and Technology, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Zhigang Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Center on Environmental Science and Technology, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Zhen Xie
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Center on Environmental Science and Technology, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Qingjie Hou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Center on Environmental Science and Technology, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Changliang Nie
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Center on Environmental Science and Technology, Jinan 250061, China
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Waqas S, Bilad MR, Man Z, Wibisono Y, Jaafar J, Indra Mahlia TM, Khan AL, Aslam M. Recent progress in integrated fixed-film activated sludge process for wastewater treatment: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 268:110718. [PMID: 32510449 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) process is considered as one of the leading-edge processes that provides a sustainable solution for wastewater treatment. IFAS was introduced as an advancement of the moving bed biofilm reactor by integrating the attached and the suspended growth systems. IFAS offers advantages over the conventional activated sludge process such as reduced footprint, enhanced nutrient removal, complete nitrification, longer solids retention time and better removal of anthropogenic composites. IFAS has been recognized as an attractive option as stated from the results of many pilot and full scales studies. Generally, IFAS achieves >90% removals for combined chemical oxygen demand and ammonia, improves sludge settling properties and enhances operational stability. Recently developed IFAS reactors incorporate frameworks for either methane production, energy generation through algae, or microbial fuel cells. This review details the recent development in IFAS with the focus on the pilot and full-scale applications. The microbial community analyses of IFAS biofilm and floc are underlined along with the special emphasis on organics and nitrogen removals, as well as the future research perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharjeel Waqas
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Roil Bilad
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610, Perak, Malaysia.
| | - Zakaria Man
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Yusuf Wibisono
- Bioprocess Engineering, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Juhana Jaafar
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia
- School of Information, Systems and Modelling, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Asim Laeeq Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Defense Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aslam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Defense Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan
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The Effectiveness of Nafion-Coated Stainless Steel Surfaces for Inhibiting Bacillus Subtilis Biofilm Formation. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10145001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Stainless steel is one of most commonly used materials in the world; however, biofilms on the surfaces of stainless steel cause many serious problems. In order to find effective methods of reducing bacterial adhesion to stainless steel, and to investigate the role of electrostatic effects during the formation of biofilms, this study used a stainless steel surface that was negatively charged by being coated with Nafion which was terminated by sulfonic groups. The results showed that the roughness of stainless steel discs coated with 1% Nafion was similar to an uncoated surface; however the hydrophobicity increased, and the Nafion-coated surface reduced the adhesion of Bacillus subtilis by 75% compared with uncoated surfaces. Therefore, a facile way to acquire antibacterial stainless steel was found, and it is proved that electrostatic effects have a significant influence on the formation of biofilms.
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Zhang Q, Yu Z, Jin S, Liu C, Li Y, Guo D, Hu M, Ruan R, Liu Y. Role of surface roughness in the algal short-term cell adhesion and long-term biofilm cultivation under dynamic flow condition. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Experimental Study on Three-Dimensional Microstructure Copper Electroforming Based on 3D Printing Technology. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10120887. [PMID: 31861145 PMCID: PMC6952814 DOI: 10.3390/mi10120887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In order to fabricate three-dimensional metal microstructures, a combined machining process based on 3D printing technology and electroforming technology is proposed. Firstly, a substrate with microstructures is fabricated by 3D printing technology, and then the microstructures were fabricated by electroforming technology. The influence of process parameters such as current density, distance between electrodes and pulse current duty cycle on the electroformed layer were studied and analyzed. It was determined that the peak current density 6A/dm2, the void ratio 20%, and the distance between electrodes 40 mm were the optimum process conditions of electroforming experiment. The electroforming experiments of different microstructures were carried out with the optimum process parameters.
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Zhang Q, Yu Z, Jin S, Zhu L, Liu C, Zheng H, Zhou T, Liu Y, Ruan R. Lignocellulosic residue as bio-carrier for algal biofilm growth: Effects of carrier physicochemical proprieties and toxicity on algal biomass production and composition. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 293:122091. [PMID: 31514119 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Five types of lignocellulosic materials were applied as the bio-carriers for low-cost algal biofilm cultivation of three algal strains. The effects of bio-carrier physicochemical properties and toxicity on algal cells growth and attachment were investigated. Rougher and hydrophilic bio-carrier could yield more algal biomass than smoother and hydrophobic bio-carrier. Pine sawdust (diameter: 0.420-0.595 mm) performed the best when cultured Diplosphaera sp. (9.61 g·m-2·day-1) biofilm. Meanwhile, bio-carriers could be leached by the culture medium during cultivation, and their energy conversion proprieties could be improved due to the reduced ash contents and the decreased crystallinities. In addition, Chlorella vulgaris growth tests indicated that pine sawdust (15.45%) leachate promoted cell growth, whereas rick husk (15.48%) and sugarcane bagasse (13.19%) leachate inhibited cell growth. And bio-carriers leachates also modified the chemical compositions (lipid, protein and carbohydrate) of algal cells and increased the corresponding saturated fatty acids methyl ester content (from 48.71 to 55.58-57.08%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, MOE, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Zhigang Yu
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Shiping Jin
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Liandong Zhu
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Cuixia Liu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Hongli Zheng
- Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, MOE, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, MOE, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yuhuan Liu
- Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, MOE, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Roger Ruan
- Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, MOE, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; Center for Biorefining and Dept. of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, Paul 55108, USA
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Wang Y, Tahir N, Cao W, Zhang Q, Lee DJ. Grid columnar flat panel photobioreactor with immobilized photosynthetic bacteria for continuous photofermentative hydrogen production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 291:121806. [PMID: 31326683 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A biophotoreactor with a transparent glass flat panel with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) grid columnar for enhanced biofilm growth with Rhodopseudomonas palustris GCA009 was developed and tested at 590 nm incident light. Continuous photofermentative hydrogen production from glucose was tested using this novel reactor. At light intensity of 210 W/m2, feed substrate concentration of 56.0 mmol/L, and crossflow velocity of 1.68 × 10-6 m/s, a maximum hydrogen production rate of 32.6 mmol/L-d (3.56 mmol/m2-h), hydrogen yield of 1.15 mol H2/mol glucose and light conversion efficiency of 5.34% can be achieved. Since the revised grid columnar effectively enlarged the surface area of reactor and enhanced cell attachment, the present reactor design led to higher hydrogen production rates than literature works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- MOA Key Laboratory of New Materials and Facilities for Rural Renewable Energy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Nadeem Tahir
- MOA Key Laboratory of New Materials and Facilities for Rural Renewable Energy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Weixing Cao
- College of Biological Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Quanguo Zhang
- MOA Key Laboratory of New Materials and Facilities for Rural Renewable Energy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan; College of Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 40704, Taiwan.
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Moreno Osorio JH, Pinto G, Pollio A, Frunzo L, Lens PNL, Esposito G. Start-up of a nutrient removal system using Scenedesmus vacuolatus and Chlorella vulgaris biofilms. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s40643-019-0259-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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Yuan H, Zhang X, Jiang Z, Wang X, Chen X, Cao L, Zhang X. Analyzing the effect of pH on microalgae adhesion by identifying the dominant interaction between cell and surface. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 177:479-486. [PMID: 30807962 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae adhesion plays a critical role in developing effective photobioreactors for large-scale production of microalgae biofuel. This study focused on elucidating the influencing mechanism of liquid medium pH on microalgae adhesion by identifying the dominant interactions between cell and substratum using a criterion. Herein, the adhesion of three microalgae onto two substrata at a series of pH was observed using a flow chamber. The results indicated that the adhesion of freshwater Chlorella sp. onto PVC and glass and marine Chlorella sp. and N. oculata onto glass decreased with increasing pH, because these adhesions were dominated by the EL interaction, and the pH would influence the adhesion primarily by affecting the ζ potential of the cell and substratum. Whereas, the adhesion of marine Chlorella sp. and N. oculata onto PVC increased with increasing pH, because these adhesions were dominated by Lewis acid-base (AB) interaction, and the pH would influence the adhesion primarily by affecting the components of surface free energy of cell. The study demonstrated that the influencing mechanism of pH on adhesion can be conclusively elucidated by identifying the dominant interaction between the cell and the surface, and may have significant implications for predicting cell adhesion in various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yuan
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xinru Zhang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Energy Saving and Environmental Protection, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Zeyi Jiang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Energy Saving and Emission Reduction of Metallurgical Industry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xuehui Chen
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Limei Cao
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Energy Saving and Emission Reduction of Metallurgical Industry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
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Wang S, Qian K, Zhu Y, Yi X, Zhang G, Du G, Tay JH, Li J. Reactivation and pilot-scale application of long-term storage denitrification biofilm based on flow cytometry. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 148:368-377. [PMID: 30396102 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The work provides a method on the basis of flow cytometry to evaluate the performance of denitrification biofilm during the preservation, reactivation and pilot-scale operation process. The viable cell ratio of denitrification biofilm significantly reduced and further led to the decrease of denitrification capacity after long-term preservation for 5 months. Protein component in tightly bound extracellular polymeric substances (TB-EPS) could serve to enhance microbial adhesion and promote denitrification biofilm formation. With the significant correlation of viable cell ratio and microbial characteristics, 4 °C was more appropriate for preserving denitrification biofilm and conducive to maintain the relatively high denitrification capacity. A maximum denitrification rate of 5.80 gNO3--N/m2·d was obtained in pilot-scale anoxic-oxic (AO) process and Dechloromonas became greater prevalence in denitrification suspended carriers. Furthermore, the enrichment of Pseudomonas, Parcubacteria, Acidovorax, Aquabacterium and Unclassified_Flavobacteriaceae enhanced biofilm formation and nutrient conservation. The significantly positive correlation between viable cell ratio and the ratio of nitrate reduction to COD consumption was discovered, and the indices of Chao, ACE, Shannon and Simpson of denitrification biofilm were positively correlated with viable cell ratio, meaning that flow cytometry analysis was reasonable and suitable to evaluate the performances of denitrification biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu College of Water Treatment Technology and Material Collaborative Innovation Center, Suzhou, 215009, China; Department of Civil Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Kai Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yin Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xuesong Yi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570028, China
| | - Guangsheng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu College of Water Treatment Technology and Material Collaborative Innovation Center, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Guocheng Du
- Ministry Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Joo-Hwa Tay
- Department of Civil Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Ji Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu College of Water Treatment Technology and Material Collaborative Innovation Center, Suzhou, 215009, China.
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