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Zhang L, Yang B, Wang H, Wang S, He F, Xu W. Unveiling the nitrogen removal performance from microbial network establishment in vertical flow constructed wetlands. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 388:129749. [PMID: 37690488 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The combined effects of substrate types (natural zeolite or shale ceramsite) and hydraulic retention time (HRT, 3-day or 6-day) on nutrient removal and microbial co-occurrence networks in vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs) remains to be elucidated. In this study, zeolite-packed VFCWs demonstrated superior removal rates, achieving 93.65% removal of NH4+-N and 83.84% removal of COD at 6-day HRT. The activity and establishment of microbial community were influenced by combined operating conditions. The abundances of Amx, amoA, nxrA, and nosZ genes increased with longer HRTs in zeolite-packed VFCWs. Additionally, a 6-day HRT significantly increased the relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Nitrospirae. At the species level, zeolite-packed VFCWs exhibited ecological niche sharing as a coping strategy in response to environment changes, while ceramsite-packed VFCWs displayed ecological niche differentiation. Both zeolite-packed and ceramsite-packed VFCWs established functional networks of nitrogen-transforming genera that utilized ecological niche differentiation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liandong Zhang
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Baoshan Yang
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Carbon Sink and Capture Utilization, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Carbon Sink and Capture Utilization, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Shuzhi Wang
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Fei He
- Jinan Environmental Research Academy, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Wenxue Xu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
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Wang X, Wang J, Chen J, Chen J, Lv Y, Chen R, Xu J, Li D, He X, Hou J. Formation of microorganism-derived dissolved organic nitrogen in intermittent aeration constructed wetland and its stimulating effect on phytoplankton production: Implications for nitrogen mitigation. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 230:119563. [PMID: 36621276 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
To control eutrophication in aquatic ecosystems, enhancing nitrogen removal in the constructed wetland (CW) by upgrading conventional CW to aeration CW is commonplace. However, regulatory efforts have only focused on reducing dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) discharge and disregarding dissolved organic nitrogen (DON). Here, we used experimental mesocosms to investigate the effect of aeration mode on the characteristics of effluent DON in CW. The results showed that intermittent aeration is prone to introduce large amounts of DON and bioavailable DON (ABDON) in the effluents, although it greatly decreases effluent total nitrogen (TN). Analysis of DON fluorescent components and molecular characteristics indicated that suddenly shifting the environment from anoxic condition to aerobic condition in the intermittent aeration CW (IACW) would stimulate microorganisms to release tryptophan and simple aromatic proteins-like substances, which does not occur in the limited continuous aeration CW (CACW). Consequently, the abundance of DON resembling lipids, proteins/amino sugars, and carbohydrates-like molecules in IACW were about 2.1 times higher than that in CACW. Bioassay results showed that Selenastrum capricornutum and Microcystis aeruginosa incubated with effluent from IACW both generate larger phytoplankton biomass than that with CACW effluent, even though IACW effluent contains less TN than its counterpart. Moreover, Microcystis aeruginosa can simultaneously utilize DON and DIN, while Selenastrum capricornutum seem to utilize the DON only when DIN was not available. This result implies that increasing DON discharge may also influence phytoplankton composition and stimulate harmful phytoplankton species. Overall, this study indicates that upgrading CW solely depending on DIN removal level cannot ensure a mitigation of nitrogen-related eutrophication, and more efforts should be paid to curb DON discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Wang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jingyi Chen
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jieyu Chen
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yabing Lv
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ruiya Chen
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Juchen Xu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dapeng Li
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xugang He
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Jie Hou
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Donaghue AG, Morgan N, Toran L, McKenzie ER. The impact of bioretention column internal water storage underdrain height on denitrification under continuous and transient flow. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 214:118205. [PMID: 35220064 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Internal water storage (IWS), a below-grade saturated layer, is a bioretention design component created by adjusting the underdrain outlet elevation. Anaerobic conditions and the presence of a carbon source in IWS facilitates denitrification. Yet it remains unclear how underdrain height within the IWS impacts nitrate (NO3-) removal. This study applied synthetic stormwater with NO3- to three laboratory columns with underdrains located at the bottom, middle, or top of a 32 cm thick gravel-woodchip IWS. Under steady state conditions, underdrain nitrogen removal demonstrated a positive linear relationship with increasing hydraulic residence time (HRT). For a 1 cm/h hydraulic loading rate (HLR), nitrogen removal efficiency increased from 52 to 99% as underdrain height moved from the top to the bottom. Despite identical IWS thickness across columns, immobilize zones below the middle and top underdrains limited the steady state nitrogen removal. Dual isotopes in NO3- also indicated denitrification occurred in mobile zones and showed little or no denitrification in immobile zones due to limited mass transport. Transient flow conditions were applied, to mimic storms, followed by dry conditions. Lower effluent nitrogen concentrations and mass fluxes were observed from the bottom underdrain across the range of HLRs tested (1 to 5 cm/h) but performance of all three underdrains converged after the application of one pore volume. The top underdrain enhanced mixing between new incoming low-DOC stormwater and old IWS water with high-DOC which minimized effluent DOC concentrations. NO3- isotope enrichment factors indicated denitrification during transient flow for all three underdrain heights and enrichment increased for the 5 cm/h HLR. For sites with narrow IWS geometries (width to depth ratio < 1), optimal underdrain height is likely located between the bottom and top of the IWS to promote mixing with old IWS water high in DOC and sustain denitrification during storms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne G Donaghue
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Naomi Morgan
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laura Toran
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Erica R McKenzie
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Maleki Shahraki Z, Mao X. Biochar application in biofiltration systems to remove nutrients, pathogens, and pharmaceutical and personal care products from wastewater. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2022; 51:129-151. [PMID: 35135036 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although conventional on-site wastewater treatment systems (OWTSs) provide only primary treatment of domestic wastewater, removal of a limited level of nutrients (N, P), pathogens, and pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) could be achieved by such a treatment process. Biochar has the capacity to remove various contaminants and has been widely used as an ideal soil amendment in agriculture due to its persistence, superior nutrient-retention properties, low cost, and ready availability. However, few applications on the use of biochar in onsite wastewater treatment have been explored. In this review, we systematically reviewed the applications of biochar in filtration-based OWTSs for nutrient (N, P) removal and recovery as well as pathogen and PPCP removal. Although adsorption was the main mechanism for P, pathogen, and PPCP removal, biochar can also serve as the growth media for enhanced biological degradation, improves available alkalinity, and increases water holding capacity in the OWTSs. The biochar source, surface modification methods, and preparation procedures (e.g., pyrolysis temperature change) have significant effects on contaminant removal performance in biochar-amended OWTSs. Specifically, contradictory results have been reported on the effect of pyrolysis temperature change on biochar removal performance (i.e., increased, decreased, or no change) of N, P, and PPCPs. Wastewater composition and environmental pH also play important roles in the removal of nutrients, pathogens, and PPCPs. Overall, biochar holds great potential to serve as an alternative filtration material or to be amended to the current OWTS to improve system performance in removing a variety of contaminants at low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Maleki Shahraki
- Dep. of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Stony Brook Univ., Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
- New York State Center for Clean Water Technology, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Xinwei Mao
- Dep. of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Stony Brook Univ., Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
- New York State Center for Clean Water Technology, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
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Zhang F, Ma C, Huang X, Liu J, Lu L, Peng K, Li S. Research progress in solid carbon source-based denitrification technologies for different target water bodies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 782:146669. [PMID: 33839669 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen pollution in water bodies is a serious environmental issue which is commonly treated by various methods such as heterotrophic denitrification. In particular, solid carbon source (SCS)-based denitrification has attracted widespread research interest due to its gradual carbon release, ease of management, and long-term operation. This paper reviews the types and properties of SCSs for different target water bodies. While both natural (wheat straw, wood chips, and fruit shells) and synthetic (polybutylene succinate, polycaprolactone, polylactic acid, and polyhydroxyalkanoates) SCSs are commonly used, it is observed that the denitrification performance of the synthetic sources is generally superior. SCSs have been used in the treatment of wastewater (including aquaculture wastewater), agricultural subsurface drainage, surface water, and groundwater; however, the key research aspects related to SCSs differ markedly based on the target waterbody. These key research aspects include nitrogen pollutant removal rate and byproduct accumulation (ordinary wastewater); water quality parameters and aquatic product yield (recirculating aquaculture systems); temperature and hydraulic retention time (agricultural subsurface drainage); the influence of dissolved oxygen (surface waters); and nitrate-nitrogen load, HRT, and carbon source dosage on denitrification rate (groundwater). It is concluded that SCS-based denitrification is a promising technique for the effective elimination of nitrate-nitrogen pollution in water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifan Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengjin Ma
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangfeng Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Lu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiming Peng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental and chemical engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China.
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Liao K, Hu H, Ren H. Combined influences of process parameters on microorganism-derived dissolved organic nitrogen (mDON) formation at low temperatures: Multivariable statistical and systematic analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 744:140732. [PMID: 32711305 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of process parameters is a cost-effective approach to control microorganism-derived dissolved organic nitrogen (mDON) formation in low-temperature biological wastewater conditions. However, the integrated influence of multiple parameters in this process is poorly defined. In this study, mathematical methodology was used to evaluate the combined effects of hydraulic retention time (HRT), solids retention time (SRT), and mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) on mDON formation at 8 °C. This study also systematically explored how multiple combinations of those three parameters affected mDON chemodiversity (fluorescent properties and molecular compositions), microbial compositions, and specific relationships between mDON molecules and microbial species in activated sludge systems. Results showed that combined effects significantly controlled the mDON formation at 8 °C (P < .05). The systematic analysis suggested that the multi-parameter effects modulated the distribution of different mDON compositions and shaped the microbial communities. Most bacterial phyla as the generalist and a few as the specialist were displayed in 2487 pairs of strong microbe-mDON connections (|r| ≥ 0.6, P < .05). Moreover, network analysis on microbe-mDON relationships identified the network centers as crucial media in terms of combined effects of process parameters on mDON formation. Our results provide comprehensive insight on the roles of multi-parameter covariation influences in regulating the high complexity of mDON traits and microbe-mDON linkages, thereby highlighting the necessity to focus on the combined effects of process parameters for effective and correct controlling strategies on mDON concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewei Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haidong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China.
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Biochar carrier application for nitrogen removal of domestic WWTPs in winter: challenges and opportunities. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:9411-9418. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9317-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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