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Chen K, Zhao X, Zhang P, Long L, Ding S. A novel AA14 LPMO from Talaromyces rugulosus with bifunctional cellulolytic/hemicellulolytic activity boosted cellulose hydrolysis. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2024; 17:30. [PMID: 38395898 PMCID: PMC10885436 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-024-02474-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recently discovered PcAA14A and B from white-rot basidiomycete Pycnoporus coccineus enriched our understanding of the oxidative degradation of xylan in fungi, however, the unusual mode of action of AA14 LPMOs has sparked controversy. The substrate specificity and functionality of AA14 LPMOs still remain enigmatic and need further investigation. RESULTS In this study, a novel AA14 LPMO was characterized from the ascomycete Talaromyces rugulosus. TrAA14A has a broad substrate specificity with strong oxidative activity on pure amorphous cellulose and xyloglucan. It could simultaneously oxidize cellulose, xylan and xyloglucan in natural hemi/cellulosic substrate such as fibrillated eucalyptus pulp, and released native and oxidized cello-oligosaccharides, xylo-oligosaccharides and xyloglucan oligosaccharides from this substrate, but its cellulolytic/hemicellulolytic activity became weaker as the contents of xylan increase in the alkaline-extracted hemi/cellulosic substrates. The dual cellulolytic/hemicellulolytic activity enables TrAA14A to possess a profound boosting effect on cellulose hydrolysis by cellulolytic enzymes. Structure modelling of TrAA14A revealed that it exhibits a relatively flat active-site surface similar to the active-site surfaces in AA9 LPMOs but quite distinct from PcAA14B, despite TrAA14A is strongly clustered together with AA14 LPMOs. Remarkable difference in electrostatic potentials of L2 and L3 surfaces was also observed among TrAA14A, PcAA14B and NcLPMO9F. We speculated that the unique feature in substrate-binding surface might contribute to the cellulolytic/hemicellulolytic activity of TrAA14A. CONCLUSIONS The extensive cellulolytic/hemicellulolytic activity on natural hemi/cellulosic substrate indicated that TrAA14A from ascomycete is distinctively different from previously characterized xylan-active AA9 or AA14 LPMOs. It may play as a bifunctional enzyme to decompose some specific network structures formed between cellulose and hemicellulose in the plant cell walls. Our findings shed new insights into the novel substrate specificities and biological functionalities of AA14 LPMOs, and will contribute to developing novel bifunctional LPMOs as the booster in commercial cellulase cocktails to efficiently break down the hemicellulose-cellulose matrix in lignocellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixiang Chen
- The Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab for the Chemistry & Utilization of Agricultural and Forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- The Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab for the Chemistry & Utilization of Agricultural and Forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peiyu Zhang
- The Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab for the Chemistry & Utilization of Agricultural and Forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liangkun Long
- The Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab for the Chemistry & Utilization of Agricultural and Forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaojun Ding
- The Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab for the Chemistry & Utilization of Agricultural and Forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China.
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Xia C, Qi X, Song X. Cumulative expression of heterologous XlnR regulatory modules and AraR A731V in Penicillium oxalicum enhances saccharification efficiency of corn stover and corn fiber. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2024; 17:18. [PMID: 38303075 PMCID: PMC10835966 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-024-02464-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Penicillium oxalicum engineered strain DB2 and its mutant strains with multiple regulatory modules were constructed. Mutant strain RE-4-2 with two regulatory modules showed a significant increase in the reducing sugar released from corn stover and corn fiber as well as in the conversion of cellulose than DB2. RE-5-2 with three regulatory modules showed a further increase in reducing sugar released from corn stover and the conversion of cellulose on the basis of RE-4-2. RE-4-2-AraRA731V constructed by overexpressing AraRA731V in RE-4-2 showed an increase of 7.2 times and 1.2 times in arabinofuranosidase and xylosidase activities, respectively. Reducing sugar yield and cellulose conversion of corn stover and corn fiber by RE-4-2-AraRA731V were further increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengqiang Xia
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agriculture University, Minxiannan Road 1, Jinzhong, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyu Qi
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Binhai Road 72, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Binhai Road 72, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Dong CD, Patel AK, Madhavan A, Chen CW, Singhania RR. Significance of glycans in cellulolytic enzymes for lignocellulosic biorefinery - A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 379:128992. [PMID: 37011847 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic (LC) biomass is the most abundant renewable resource for mankind gravitating society towards sustainable solution for energy that can reduce the carbon footprint. The economic feasibility of 'biomass biorefinery' depends upon the efficiency cellulolytic enzymes which is the main crux. Its high production cost and low efficiencies are the major limitations, that need to be resolved. As the complexity of the genome increases, so does the complexity of the proteome, further facilitated by protein post-translational modifications (PTMs). Glycosylation is regarded the major PTMs and hardly any recent work is focused on importance of glycosylation in cellulase. By modifying protein side chains and glycans, superior cellulases with improved stability and efficiency can be obtained. Functional proteomics relies heavily on PTMs because they regulate activity, localization, and interactions with protein, lipid, nucleic acid, and cofactor molecules. O- and N- glycosylation in cellulases influences its characteristics adding positive attributes to the enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Di Dong
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan; Sustainable Environment Research Center, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Anil Kumar Patel
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226 029, India
| | - Aravind Madhavan
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kollam, Kerala 690 525, India
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan; Sustainable Environment Research Center, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Reeta Rani Singhania
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226 029, India.
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4
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Chen H, Jiang B, Zou C, Lou Z, Song J, Wu W, Jin Y. Exploring how lignin structure influences the interaction between carbohydrate-binding module and lignin using AFM. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 232:123313. [PMID: 36682668 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Nonproductive adsorption of cellulase onto the residual lignin in substrate seriously hinders the enzymatic hydrolysis. To understand how lignin structure affects lignin-cellulase interaction, the carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) functionalized atomic force microscope tip was used to measure CBM-lignin interaction by single-molecule dynamic force spectroscopy in this work. The results showed that sulfonated lignin (SL) has the greatest adhesion force to CBM (4.74 nN), while those of masson pine milled wood lignin (MWL), poplar MWL and herbaceous MWLs were 2.85, 1.03 and 0.27-0.61 nN, respectively. It provides direct quantitative evidence for the significance of lignin structure on lignin-cellulase interaction. The CBM-MWLs interaction decreased sharply to 0.054-0.083 nN while SL was added, indicating the primary mechanism of SL promoting lignocellulose hydrolysis was significantly reducing the nonproductive adsorption of substrate lignin on cellulase. Finally, the "competitive adsorption" mechanism was proposed to interpret why SL effectively promotes the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignin-containing substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Joint International Research Lab of Lignocellulosic Functional Materials, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Joint International Research Lab of Lignocellulosic Functional Materials, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Chunyang Zou
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zhichao Lou
- Joint International Research Lab of Lignocellulosic Functional Materials, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Junlong Song
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Joint International Research Lab of Lignocellulosic Functional Materials, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wenjuan Wu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Yongcan Jin
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Joint International Research Lab of Lignocellulosic Functional Materials, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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He Z, Ding B, Ali Q, Liu H, Zhao Y, Wang X, Han Y, Dong H, Divvela PK, Juan Y. Screening and isolation of cold-adapted cellulose degrading bacterium: A candidate for straw degradation and De novo genome sequencing analysis. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1098723. [PMID: 36713214 PMCID: PMC9880256 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1098723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Degradation of crop straw in natural environment has been a bottleneck. There has been a recent increase in the exploration of cold-adapted microorganisms as they can solve the problem of corn straw degradation under low temperatures and offer new alternatives for the sustainable development of agriculture. The study was conducted in low-temperature (10°C) and high-efficiency cellulose-degrading bacteria were screened using carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) selection medium and subjected to genome sequencing by the third-generation Pacbio Sequl and the second-generation Illumina Novaseq platform, and their cellulase activity was detected by 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method. The results showed that the low-temperature (10°C) and high-efficiency cellulose-degrading bacterium Bacillus subtilis K1 was 4,060,823 bp in genome size, containing 4,213 genes, with 3,665, 3,656, 2,755, 3,240, 1,261, 3,336 and 4,003 genes annotated in the non-redundant protein sequence database (NR), Pfam, clusters of orthologous groups of proteins (COGs), Genome Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Annotation databases, respectively. In addition, a large number of lignocellulose degradation-related genes were annotated in the genome. The cellulose activity of B. subtilis K1 was higher, exhibiting the highest activity of endo-β-glucanase (24.69 U/ml), exo-β-glucanase (1.72 U/ml) and β-glucosaccharase (1.14 U/ml). It was found that through adding cold-adapted cellulose-degrading bacteriaK1 in the corn straw composting under 6°C (ambient temperature), the average temperature of straw composting was 58.7°C, and higher 86.7% as compared to control. The HA/FA was higher 94.02% than the control and the lignocellulose degradation rate was lower 18.01-41.39% than the control. The results provide a theoretical basis for clarifying the degradation potential of cold-adapted cellulose-degrading bacteria and improving the cellulose degradation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang He
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Resources, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Baopeng Ding
- College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Qurban Ali
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiyu Liu
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Resources, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Resources, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiujuan Wang
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Resources, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Yingzuo Han
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Resources, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Huan Dong
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Resources, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | | | - Yinghua Juan
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Resources, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, China,*Correspondence: Yinghua Juan,
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Wu L, Che S, Qin X, Xu Y, Tian S, Zhu Y, Song J, Guan Y, Wang D, Wu M, Yang X, Wu Z, Yang M. Identification, characteristics and rice growth promotion of a highly efficient cellulolytic bacterial strain, Cellulomonas iranensis ZJW-6, isolated from paddy soil in central China. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1152966. [PMID: 37032857 PMCID: PMC10073736 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1152966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbial degradation of lignocellulose is the best way to treat straw, which has a broad application prospect. It is consistent with the idea of agricultural sustainable development and has an important impact on the utilization of biomass resources. To explore and utilize the microbial resources of lignocellulose degradation, 27 lignocellulose degrading strains were screened from 13 regions in China. ZJW-6 was selected because of its 49.6% lignocellulose weight loss rate. According to the theoretical analysis of the experimental results, the following straw degradation conditions were obtained by ZJW-6: nitrogen source input of 8.45 g/L, a pH of 8.57, and a temperature of 31.63°C, the maximum weight loss rate of rice straw could reach 54.8%. It was concluded that ZJW-6 belonged to Cellulomonas iranensis according to 16S rRNA-encoding gene sequence comparison and identification. ZJW-6 is a Gram-positive bacterium that grows slowly and has a small yellowish green colony. To explain the degradation mechanism of lignocellulose, the experiment of enzymatic properties of the strain was prepared and carried out. It was discovered that ZJW-6 has an excellent ability to degrade cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, with cellulose and hemicellulose loss rates reaching almost 50% in 4 days and lignin loss rates reaching nearly 30%. Furthermore, ZJW-6 demonstrated lignocellulose degradation under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, indicating the strain's broad application potential. ZJW-6 was found to be more effective than ordinary humic acid in improving rice soil (available phosphorus, available nitrogen, organic matter) and promoting rice growth in a rice pot experiment (increasing root-shoot ratio, root activity, chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate). ZJW-6 plays an important role in promoting the development and utilization of straw resources. It has important significance for the advancement of green agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wu
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Songhao Che
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xueting Qin
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yufeng Xu
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shiqi Tian
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yuan Zhu
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jian Song
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yunpeng Guan
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Dongchao Wang
- Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Meikang Wu
- Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xue Yang
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhihai Wu
- Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Meiying Yang
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- *Correspondence: Meiying Yang,
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Cellulose-degrading enzymes: key players in biorefinery development. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01274-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zhai Z, Su J, Ali A, Xu L, Wahid F. Biological denitrification potential of cellulase-producing Cupriavidus sp. ZY7 and denitrifying Aquabacterium sp. XL4 at low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio: Performance and synergistic properties. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 360:127600. [PMID: 35820558 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study emphasizes on the cellulase production characteristics of strain ZY7 and its collaboration with nitrate-dependent ferrous oxidizing (NFO) strain XL4 to achieve efficient denitrification at low carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio. Results indicated that the denitrification efficiency increased from 65.47 to 97.99% at 24 h after co-culture at C/N of 1.0. Three-dimensional fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) showed significant changes in the intensity of soluble microbial products (SMP), fulvic-like materials, and aromatic proteins after co-culture. Bio-precipitates were characterized by Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), which showed that cellulose structure was disrupted and the metabolites were potential carbon source for denitrification. In addition, cellulase activity suggested that the hydrolysis of β-1,4-glycosidic bonds and oligosaccharides may be the rate-limiting steps in cellulose degradation. This work promoted the understanding of denitrification characteristics of co-culture and expanded the application of cellulose degrading bacteria in sewage treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Zhai
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Junfeng Su
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Amjad Ali
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Liang Xu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Fazli Wahid
- Department of Agriculture, The University of Swabi, Swabi 23561, Pakistan
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Shang Z, Liu S, Duan Y, Bao C, Wang J, Dong B, Cao Y. Complete genome sequencing and investigation on the fiber-degrading potential of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain TL106 from the tibetan pig. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:186. [PMID: 35906551 PMCID: PMC9336001 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02599-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cellulolytic microorganisms are considered a key player in the degradation of feed fiber. These microorganisms can be isolated from various resources, such as animal gut, plant surfaces, soil and oceans. A new strain of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, TL106, was isolated from faeces of a healthy Tibetan pigs. This strain can produce cellulase and shows strong antimicrobial activity in mice. Thus, in this study, to better understand the strain of B. amyloliquefaciens TL106 on degradation of cellulose, the genome of the strain TL106 was completely sequenced and analyzed. In addition, we also explored the cellulose degradation ability of strain TL106 in vitro. Results TL106 was completely sequenced with the third generation high-throughput DNA sequencing. In vitro analysis with enzymatic hydrolysis identified the activity of cellulose degradation. TL106 consisted of one circular chromosome with 3,980,960 bp and one plasmid with 16,916 bp, the genome total length was 3.99 Mb and total of 4,130 genes were predicted. Several genes of cellulases and hemicellulase were blasted in Genbank, including β-glucosidase, endoglucanase, ß-glucanase and xylanase genes. Additionally, the activities of amylase (20.25 U/mL), cellulase (20.86 U/mL), xylanase (39.71 U/mL) and β-glucanase (36.13 U/mL) in the fermentation supernatant of strain TL106 were higher. In the study of degradation characteristics, we found that strain TL106 had a better degradation effect on crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, starch, arabinoxylan and β-glucan of wheat and highland barley . Conclusions The genome of B. amyloliquefaciens TL106 contained several genes of cellulases and hemicellulases, can produce carbohydrate-active enzymes, amylase, cellulase, xylanase and β-glucanase. The supernatant of fermented had activities of strain TL106. It could degrade the fiber fraction and non-starch polysaccharides (arabinoxylans and β-glucan) of wheat and highland barley. The present study demonstrated that the degradation activity of TL106 to crude fiber which can potentially be applied as a feed additive to potentiate the digestion of plant feed by monogastric animals. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-022-02599-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenda Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,College of Animal Science, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, 860000, Nyingchi, People's Republic of China
| | - Suozhu Liu
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, 860000, Nyingchi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanzhen Duan
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, 860000, Nyingchi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengling Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhe Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Jia H, Feng X, Huang J, Guo Y, Zhang D, Li X, Zhao J. Recombinant Family 1 Carbohydrate-Binding Modules Derived From Fungal Cellulase Enhance Enzymatic Degradation of Lignocellulose as Novel Effective Accessory Protein. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:876466. [PMID: 35898911 PMCID: PMC9309510 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.876466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal cellulases usually contain a family 1 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM1), and its role was considered to recognize the substrate specifically. This study testified that the CBM1s derived from cellobiohydrolase I of Trichoderma reesei, Penicillium oxalicum, and Penicillium funiculosum could be used as an effective accessory protein in cellulase cocktails to enhance the saccharification of lignocellulose, and its enhancement effect was significantly superior to some reported accessory proteins, such as bovine serum albumin (BSA). The promoting effects of the CBM1s were related to not only the CBM1 sources and protein dosages, but also the substrate characteristics and solid consistency during enzymatic hydrolysis. The adsorption capacity of the CBM1s, the adsorption kinetic of TrCBM from T. reesei and cellobiohydrolase, endoglucanase, and β-glucosidase from P. oxalicum, and the effect of adding TrCBM on enzyme activities of free cellulases in the hydrolysis system were investigated, and the binding conformations and affinities of CBM1s to cellulose and lignin were predicted by molecular docking. It was speculated that the higher affinity of the CBM1s to lignin than cellulases could potentially enable the CBM1s to displace cellulase adsorbed on lignin or to preferentially adsorb onto lignin to avoid ineffective adsorption of cellulase onto lignin, which enhanced cellulase system efficiency during enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hexue Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoting Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiamin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yingjie Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Daolei Zhang
- School of Bioengineering, Shandong Polytechnic, Jinan, China
| | - Xuezhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Xuezhi Li,
| | - Jian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Jian Zhao,
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11
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Du J, Liang J, Zhang X, Wang J, Li W, Song P, Feng X. Identifying the negative cooperation between major inhibitors of cellulase activity and minimizing their inhibitory potential during hydrolysis of acid-pretreated corn stover. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 343:126113. [PMID: 34648965 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Soluble compounds produced during the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocelluloses hampers cellulose conversion. Cellobiose and vanillin most severely inhibited the effect of cellobiohydrolase I. A concentration-dependent negative cooperative effect was found between cellobiose and vanillin. The combined inhibitory effect was about 83.5% of the cellobiose and 88.1% of the vanillin when their concentration was 20 mg/ml. However, the negative synergy could be eliminated by excessive enzyme loading. Differences in their binding sites on the catalytic domain of cellobiohydrolase I lead to negative synergistic inhibition, which should be considered in devising strategies to alleviate this effect. Combined β-glucosidase and PEG addition at an appropriate dose was feasible to balance cost and hydrolytic efficiency. To achieve efficient hydrolysis, especially at high solid concentrations, it is important to understand the synergistic inhibition between these inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Du
- College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China.
| | - Jingrui Liang
- College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China
| | - Xiujun Zhang
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Jinan University, Jinan 250024, China
| | - Jinglong Wang
- College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China
| | - Peixue Song
- College of City and Architectural Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China
| | - Xiaohui Feng
- College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China
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12
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Fungal cellulases: protein engineering and post-translational modifications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 106:1-24. [PMID: 34889986 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11723-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic degradation of lignocelluloses into fermentable sugars to produce biofuels and other biomaterials is critical for environmentally sustainable development and energy resource supply. However, there are problems in enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis, such as the complex cellulase composition, low degradation efficiency, high production cost, and post-translational modifications (PTMs), all of which are closely related to specific characteristics of cellulases that remain unclear. These problems hinder the practical application of cellulases. Due to the rapid development of computer technology in recent years, computer-aided protein engineering is being widely used, which also brings new opportunities for the development of cellulases. Especially in recent years, a large number of studies have reported on the application of computer-aided protein engineering in the development of cellulases; however, these articles have not been systematically reviewed. This article focused on the aspect of protein engineering and PTMs of fungal cellulases. In this manuscript, the latest literatures and the distribution of potential sites of cellulases for engineering have been systematically summarized, which provide reference for further improvement of cellulase properties. KEY POINTS: •Rational design based on virtual mutagenesis can improve cellulase properties. •Modifying protein side chains and glycans helps obtain superior cellulases. •N-terminal glutamine-pyroglutamate conversion stabilizes fungal cellulases.
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13
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Wang J, Gao Z, Qian Y, Hu X, Li G, Fu F, Guo J, Shan Y. Citrus Segment Degradation Potential, Enzyme Safety Evaluation, and Whole Genome Sequence of Aspergillus aculeatus Strain ZC-1005. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:671200. [PMID: 34489880 PMCID: PMC8417811 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.671200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus aculeatus ZC-1005 (ZC-1005 was used as the abbreviation of this strain) is a hemicellulase-producing strain isolated from rotten citrus rind buried in the soil. Our previous study has shown its biochemical properties including high xylanase activity, mannanase activity, and degradation reaction with citrus mesocarp. In this study, we focused more on the enzyme safety evaluation and the genome sequencing via PacBio and Illumina platforms. High biological safety of the crude enzymes of ZC-1005 has been proven by the acute oral toxicity test, sub-chronic toxicity test, micronucleus test, and sperm malformation test. The genome of ZC-1005 had a GC content of 52.53%, with a size of 35,458,484 bp, and encoded 10,147 genes. Strain ZC-1005 harbored 269 glycosyl hydrolase (GH) genes of 64 families. The fungus produces cellulose-acting (GH3, GH5, GH12, and GH1) and hemicellulose-acting enzymes (GH16, GH31, GH2, and GH92). In genome annotation, we paid more attention to the genes encoding xylanase, such as gene 01512, gene 05833, gene 05469, gene 07781, gene 08432, gene 09042, gene 08008, and gene 09694. The collaboration between complete genome information and the degradation test confirmed that ZC-1005 could degrade cellulose and xylan. Our results showed that the citrus enzymatic decapsulation technology was efficacious and safe for canned citrus product processing, which may also solve the industrial waste problem. Therefore, ZC-1005 and the crude enzyme secreted from the strain were very promising to be used in the citrus processing industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyi Wang
- Hunan Agriculture Product Processing Institute, International Joint Laboratory on Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Quality and Safety, Hunan Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage, Processing, Quality and Safety, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Zhipeng Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yujiao Qian
- Longping Branch, Graduate School of Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Hunan Agriculture Product Processing Institute, International Joint Laboratory on Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Quality and Safety, Hunan Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage, Processing, Quality and Safety, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Gaoyang Li
- Hunan Agriculture Product Processing Institute, International Joint Laboratory on Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Quality and Safety, Hunan Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage, Processing, Quality and Safety, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
- Longping Branch, Graduate School of Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Fuhua Fu
- Hunan Agriculture Product Processing Institute, International Joint Laboratory on Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Quality and Safety, Hunan Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage, Processing, Quality and Safety, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
- Longping Branch, Graduate School of Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiajing Guo
- Hunan Agriculture Product Processing Institute, International Joint Laboratory on Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Quality and Safety, Hunan Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage, Processing, Quality and Safety, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
- Longping Branch, Graduate School of Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Shan
- Hunan Agriculture Product Processing Institute, International Joint Laboratory on Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Quality and Safety, Hunan Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage, Processing, Quality and Safety, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
- Longping Branch, Graduate School of Hunan University, Changsha, China
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Jia H, Sun W, Li X, Zhao J. Cellulose induced protein 1 (Cip1) from Trichoderma reesei enhances the enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated lignocellulose. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:136. [PMID: 34281536 PMCID: PMC8287770 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01625-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Trichoderma reesei is currently the main strain for the commercial production of cellulase. Cellulose induced protein 1 (Cip1) is one of the most abundant proteins in extracellular proteins of T. reesei. Reported literatures about Cip1 mainly focused on the regulation of Cip1 and its possible enzyme activities, but the effect of Cip1 on the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose and possible mechanism have not still been reported. Results In this study, Cip1 from T. reesei was cloned, expressed and purified, and its effects on enzymatic hydrolysis of several different pretreated lignocellulose were investigated. It was found that Cip1 could promote the enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated lignocellulose, and the promoting effect was significantly better than that of bovine serum albumin (BSA). And especially for the lignocellulosic substrate with high lignin content such as liquid hot water pretreated corn stover and corncob residue, the promoting effect of Cip1 was even better than that of the commercial cellulase when adding equal amount protein. It was also showed that the metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ influenced the promoting effect on enzymatic hydrolysis. The Cip1 protein had no lyase activity, but it could destroy the crystal structure of cellulose and reduce the non-productive adsorption of cellulase on lignin, which partly interpreted the promoting effect of Cip1 on enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose. Conclusion The Cip1 from T. reesei could significantly promote the enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated lignocellulose, and the promotion of Cip1 was even higher than that of commercial cellulase in the enzymatic hydrolysis of the substrates with high lignin content. This study will help us to better optimize cellulase to improve its ability to degrade lignocellulose, thereby reducing the cost of enzymes required for enzymatic hydrolysis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-021-01625-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hexue Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, No. 72, Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Wan Sun
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, No. 72, Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Xuezhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, No. 72, Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China.
| | - Jian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, No. 72, Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China.
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15
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Waghmare PR, Waghmare PP, Gao L, Sun W, Qin Y, Liu G, Qu Y. Efficient Constitutive Expression of Cellulolytic Enzymes in Penicillium oxalicum for Improved Efficiency of Lignocellulose Degradation. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:740-746. [PMID: 33746194 PMCID: PMC9705867 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2101.01003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Efficient cellulolytic enzyme production is important for the development of lignocellulose-degrading enzyme mixtures. However, purification of cellulases from their native hosts is time- and labor-consuming. In this study, a constitutive expression system was developed in Penicillium oxalicum for the secreted production of proteins. Using a constitutive polyubiquitin gene promoter and cultivating with glucose as the sole carbon source, nine cellulolytic enzymes of different origins with relatively high purity were produced within 48 h. When supplemented to a commercial cellulase preparation, cellobiohydrolase I from P. funiculosum and cellobiohydrolase II from Talaromyces verruculosus showed remarkable enhancing effects on the hydrolysis of steam-exploded corn stover. Additionally, a synergistic effect was observed for these two cellobiohydrolases during the hydrolysis. Taken together, the constitutive expression system provides a convenient tool for the production of cellulolytic enzymes, which is expected to be useful in the development of highly efficient lignocellulose-degrading enzyme mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Liwei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Shandong 266237, P. R. China,Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong 266101, P. R. China
| | - Wan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Shandong 266237, P. R. China,National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Yuqi Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Shandong 266237, P. R. China,National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Guodong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Shandong 266237, P. R. China,National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Shandong 266237, P. R. China,Corresponding author Phone: +86-532-58632406 Fax: +86-532-58631501 E-mail:
| | - Yinbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Shandong 266237, P. R. China,National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
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16
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Yousef S, Kuliešienė N, Sakalauskaitė S, Nenartavičius T, Daugelavičius R. Sustainable green strategy for recovery of glucose from end-of-life euro banknotes. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 123:23-32. [PMID: 33549877 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Usually, Euro banknotes are made from cotton substrates and their waste is disposed of in landfill or is incinerated. In order to valorize the end-of-life euro banknotes (ELEBs), the substrates were used in this research for cellulase production via submerged fungal fermentation (SFF), and the resultant fungal cellulase w s used in ELEBs hydrolysis process for extraction of glucose. The experiments were started by exposing the ELEBs to different types of pretreatments, including milling process, alkali (NaOH/urea solution), and acid leaching to remove any contamination (e.g. dyes) and to decrease the crystallinity of cellulose (the main element in cotton substrate) thus increasing the degradation rate during the fermentation process. The effect of pretreatments on the morphology and chemical composition of ELEBs was observed using Scanning Electron Microscope and Energy Dispersive Spectrometry. Afterwards, Trichoderma reesei-DSM76 was used for cellulase production from the treated ELEBs with high cellulase activity (12.97 FPU/g). The resultant cellulase was upscaled in a bioreactor and used in ELEBs hydrolysis. Finally, the results showed that the optimized pretreatment methods (milling followed by leaching process) significantly improved the cellulase activity and glucose recovery, which was estimated by 96%. According to the obtained results, the developed strategy has a great potential for conversion of ELEBs into a glucose product that could be used in biofuels and bioplastics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samy Yousef
- Department of Production Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Design, Kaunas University of Technology, LT-51424 Kaunas, Lithuania; Department of Materials Science, South Ural State University, Lenin Prospect 76, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia.
| | - Neringa Kuliešienė
- Department of Biochemistry, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Wang ZY, Wang RX, Zhou JS, Cheng JF, Li YH. An assessment of the genomics, comparative genomics and cellulose degradation potential of Mucilaginibacter polytrichastri strain RG4-7. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 297:122389. [PMID: 31757614 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, whole genome sequencing and comparative genomic analyses were performed for Mucilaginibacter polytrichastri RG4-7 and its carboxymethyl cellulose degradation potential was assessed. The results showed that the genome of strain RG4-7 was 5.84 Mb and contained 5019 predicted genes, in which a high proportion of strain-specific genes were related to carbohydrate metabolism. The carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) degradation and cellulase activity tests revealed the strong cellulose degradation ability, CMCase and β-glucosidase activity in strain RG4-7. Real-time RT-PCR testing of most cellulose degradation related glycoside hydrolase (GH) families showed that GH9 (OKS85969), GH1 (OKS85832), GH3 (OKS89331 and OKS85615) were significantly up-regulated when strain RG4-7 was inoculated with CMC-Na, which suggested that GH9, GH1 and GH3 might determine its cellulose degradation ability. Certainly, further research need to be done to elucidate cellulose degradation mechanisms in strain RG4-7 in order to develop its industrial application value in lignocellulosic biomass degradation and waste management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Yue Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Rui Xue Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jun Shi Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jian Fei Cheng
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yan Hong Li
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
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18
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Du J, Liang J, Gao X, Liu G, Qu Y. Optimization of an artificial cellulase cocktail for high-solids enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic materials with different pretreatment methods. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 295:122272. [PMID: 31669875 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Optimization of the composition of cellulase mixtures is an effective strategy to improve their hydrolytic efficiency and reduce protein demand during enzymatic degradation of lignocelluloses. In this study, the mixture design method was used to optimize the ratios of endoglucanase II (EG II), cellobiohydrolase I (CBH I) and β-glucosidase I (BG I) from Penicillium oxalicum in an artificial cellulase mixture for the hydrolysis of six different cellulosic materials. The optimal composition of enzyme mixture was distinctly different among not only cellulosic materials with different pretreatment methods but hydrolyses at different solids concentrations. CBH I was most critical for the hydrolysis of two acid-pretreated materials, probably due to its strong adsorption on lignin. A higher proportion of EG II was needed for the hydrolysis of ammonium sulfite pretreated wheat straw. The requirements of specific cellulase components were more pronounced at high solids concentrations, highlighting the importance of considering solids loading when optimizing cellulase cocktails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Du
- College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jingrui Liang
- College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China
| | - Xiuhua Gao
- College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China
| | - Guodong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Yinbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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Radosavljević M, Pejin J, Pribić M, Kocić-Tanackov S, Romanić R, Mladenović D, Djukić-Vuković A, Mojović L. Utilization of brewing and malting by-products as carrier and raw materials in l-(+)-lactic acid production and feed application. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:3001-3013. [PMID: 30778645 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09683-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Application of agro-industrial by-products for the production of lactic acid was studied in this paper. Brewer's spent grain (BSG), malt rootlets (MR), brewer's yeast (BY), and soy lecithin (SL) were used as raw materials in L-(+)-LA fermentation by free and immobilized Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 7469. The BSG, solid remains after BSG and MR hydrolysis (BSGMRSR), and MR were evaluated as carriers for batch and repeated batch fermentations with immobilized cells. During batch fermentations with immobilized cells, high cell viability (10 to 11 log CFU/g) was achieved on all carriers. In batch fermentation with BSG as a carrier, the highest LA yield of 93.79% and volumetric productivity of 1.15 g/L/h were obtained. Furthermore, very high LA yield (95.46%), volumetric productivity (1.98 g/L/h) and L. rhamnosus viability (11.5 log CFU/g) were achieved in repeated batch fermentations with the cells immobilized on this carrier. The immobilized cells showed high survival rate (94-95%) during exposure to simulated gut condition. Based on the analysis of BSGMRSR, and BY solid remains, and on in vitro evaluation of the probiotic characteristics of immobilized cells, it was observed that they could satisfy the recommendations for high-quality feed preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miloš Radosavljević
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia.
| | - Jelena Pejin
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
| | - Milana Pribić
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
| | - Sunčica Kocić-Tanackov
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
| | - Ranko Romanić
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
| | - Dragana Mladenović
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Djukić-Vuković
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Ljiljana Mojović
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
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20
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Hu Y, Liu Y, Hao X, Wang D, Akhberdi O, Xiang B, Zhu X. Regulation of the Gα-cAMP/PKA signaling pathway in cellulose utilization of Chaetomium globosum. Microb Cell Fact 2018; 17:160. [PMID: 30309363 PMCID: PMC6182798 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-1008-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The canonical heterotrimeric G protein-cAMP/PKA pathway regulates numerous cellular processes in filamentous fungi. Chaetomium globosum, a saprophytic fungus, is known for producing many secondary metabolites, including cytotoxic chaetoglobosin A (ChA), as well as abundant cellulase and xylanase. RESULTS Here we report on the functional characterization of this signaling pathway in C. globosum. We blocked the pathway by knocking down the putative Gα-encoding gene gna1 (in the pG14 mutant). This led to impaired cellulase production and significantly decreased transcription of the major cellulase and xylanase genes. Almost all the glycohydrolase family genes involved in cellulose degradation were downregulated, including the major cellulase genes, cel7a, cel6a, egl1, and egl2. Importantly, the expression of transcription factors was also found to be regulated by gna1, especially Ace1, Clr1/2 and Hap2/3/5 complex. Additionally, carbon metabolic processes including the starch and sucrose metabolism pathway were substantially diminished, as evidenced by RNA-Seq profiling and quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR. Interestingly, these defects could be restored by simultaneous knockdown of the pkaR gene encoding the regulatory subunit of cAMP-dependent PKA (in the pGP6 mutant) or supplement of the cAMP analog, 8-Br-cAMP. Moreover, the Gα-cAMP/PKA pathway regulating cellulase production is modulated by environmental signals including carbon sources and light, in which VelB/VeA/LaeA complex and ENVOY probably work as downstream effectors. CONCLUSION These results revealed, for the first time, the positive role of the heterotrimeric Gα-cAMP/PKA pathway in the regulation of cellulase and xylanase utilization in C. globosum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanjie Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering Drug and Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, XinJieKouWai St., HaiDian District, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xiaoran Hao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering Drug and Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, XinJieKouWai St., HaiDian District, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Dan Wang
- National Key Program of Microbiology and Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University (DMNU), Tianjin, China
| | - Oren Akhberdi
- National Key Program of Microbiology and Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University (DMNU), Tianjin, China
| | - Biyun Xiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering Drug and Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, XinJieKouWai St., HaiDian District, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xudong Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering Drug and Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, XinJieKouWai St., HaiDian District, Beijing, 100875, China. .,National Key Program of Microbiology and Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University (DMNU), Tianjin, China.
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21
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Volpi M, Santos VS, Ribeiro A, Santana M, Bastos RG. The Role of Lignocellulosic Composition and Residual Lipids in Empty Fruit Bunches on the Production of Humic Acids in Submerged Fermentations. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 187:957-964. [PMID: 30105546 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2850-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to study the production of humic acids (HA) by Trichoderma reesei from empty fruit bunches (EFBs) of palm oil processing, with a focus on the effects of lignocellulosic content and residual lipids. EFBs from two different soils and palm oil producers were previously characterized about their lignocellulosic composition. Submerged fermentations were inoculated with T. reesei spores and set up with or without residual lipids. The results showed that the soil and the processing for removal of the palm fresh fruits were crucial to EFB quality. Thus, EFBs were classified as type 1 (higher lignocellulosic and fatty acids composition similar to the palm oil and palm kernel oil) and type 2 (lower lignocellulosic content and fatty acids composition similar to palm oil). Despite the different profiles, the fungal growth was similar for both EFB types. HA production was associated with fungal growth, and it was higher without lipids for both EFBs. The highest HA productivity was obtained from type 1 EFB (approximately 90 mg L-1 at 48 h). Therefore, the lignocellulosic composition and the nature of the residual lipids in EFBs play an important role in HA production by submerged fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mpc Volpi
- Department of Engineering of Materials and Bioprocesses, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, Albert Einstein, 500, Campinas, SP, 13083-852, Brazil
| | - V S Santos
- Department of Food Technology, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Monteiro Lobato, 80, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Apb Ribeiro
- Department of Food Technology, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Monteiro Lobato, 80, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Mha Santana
- Department of Engineering of Materials and Bioprocesses, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, Albert Einstein, 500, Campinas, SP, 13083-852, Brazil
| | - R G Bastos
- Center of Agricultural Scientes (CCA), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Campus Araras, Via Anhanguera, km 174, Araras, SP, 13604-900, Brazil.
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