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Wang M, Qiao J, Sheng Y, Wei J, Cui H, Li X, Yue G. Bioconversion of corn fiber to bioethanol: Status and perspectives. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 157:256-268. [PMID: 36577277 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Due to the rising demand for green energy, bioethanol has attracted increasing attention from academia and industry. Limited by the bottleneck of bioethanol yield in traditional corn starch dry milling processes, an increasing number of studies focus on fully utilizing all corn ingredients, especially kernel fiber, to further improve the bioethanol yield. This mini-review addresses the technological challenges and opportunities on the way to achieving the efficient conversion of corn fiber. Significant advances during the review period include the detailed characterization of different forms of corn kernel fiber and the development of off-line and in-situ conversion strategies. Lessons from cellulosic ethanol technologies offer new ways to utilize corn fiber in traditional processes. However, the commercialization of corn kernel fiber conversion may be hampered by enzyme cost, conversion efficiency, and overall process economics. Thus, future studies should address these technical limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Wang
- College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Qiao
- College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijie Sheng
- College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Junnan Wei
- College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Cui
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Xiujuan Li
- College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guojun Yue
- College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China; SDIC Biotech Investment Co., Ltd., Beijing 100034, China
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Substrate concentration: A more serious consideration than the amount of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in acid-catalyzed hydrolysis during bioethanol production from starch biomass. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12047. [PMID: 36561686 PMCID: PMC9763765 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) yield during bioethanol production from starch was determined using spectrophotometry and chromatography. Increasing acid concentration and time favored 5-HMF production with HCl while yield decreased after 45-minute hydrolysis time for HNO3 and H2SO4 hydrolyzed samples. Impacts of glucose (substrate) concentration and produced 5-HMF on bioethanol yield were studied with different sulphuric acid concentrations and different α-amylase and amyloglucosidase activities. A central composite rotational design was utilized to determine the conditions of hydrolysis for optimum glucose production. The results showed that maximum glucose yield occurred at 0.5 M acid concentration and 45-minute hydrolysis time, while maximum yield was achieved at 120 and 280 units of α-amylase and amyloglucosidase activities respectively. It was shown that 5-HMF did not exhibit much inhibition on ethanol yield at low acid concentrations but became pronounced at higher acid concentrations, while high glucose concentrations had a pronounced negative effect on ethanol yield and fermentation efficiency.
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Qiao J, Cui H, Wang M, Fu X, Wang X, Li X, Huang H. Integrated biorefinery approaches for the industrialization of cellulosic ethanol fuel. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 360:127516. [PMID: 35764282 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is an abundant and sustainable raw material, but its conversion into ethanol fuel has not yet achieved large-scale industrialization and economic benefits. Integrated biorefineries have been widely identified as the key to achieving this goal. Here, four promising routes were summarized to assemble the new industrial plants for cellulose-based fuels and chemicals, including 1) integration of cellulase production systems into current cellulosic ethanol processes; 2) combination of processes and facilities between cellulosic ethanol and first-generation ethanol; 3) application of enzyme-free saccharification processes and computational approaches to increase the bioethanol yield and optimize the integration process; 4) production of multiple products to maximize the value derived from the lignocellulosic biomass. Finally, the remaining challenges and perspectives of this field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qiao
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 2 Xuelin Road, Nanjing 210097, China
| | - Haiyang Cui
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Minghui Wang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 2 Xuelin Road, Nanjing 210097, China
| | - Xianshen Fu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 2 Xuelin Road, Nanjing 210097, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 2 Xuelin Road, Nanjing 210097, China
| | - Xiujuan Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 2 Xuelin Road, Nanjing 210097, China.
| | - He Huang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 2 Xuelin Road, Nanjing 210097, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
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Guo Y, Liu G, Ning Y, Li X, Hu S, Zhao J, Qu Y. Production of cellulosic ethanol and value-added products from corn fiber. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2022; 9:81. [PMID: 38647596 PMCID: PMC10991675 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-022-00573-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Corn fiber, a by-product from the corn processing industry, mainly composed of residual starch, cellulose, and hemicelluloses, is a promising raw material for producing cellulosic ethanol and value-added products due to its abundant reserves and low costs of collection and transportation. Now, several technologies for the production of cellulosic ethanol from corn fiber have been reported, such as the D3MAX process, Cellerate™ process, etc., and part of the technologies have also been used in industrial production in the United States. The ethanol yields range from 64 to 91% of the theoretical maximum, depending on different production processes. Because of the multicomponent of corn fiber and the complex structures highly substituted by a variety of side chains in hemicelluloses of corn fiber, however, there are many challenges in cellulosic ethanol production from corn fiber, such as the low conversion of hemicelluloses to fermentable sugars in enzymatic hydrolysis, high production of inhibitors during pretreatment, etc. Some technologies, including an effective pretreatment process for minimizing inhibitors production and maximizing fermentable sugars recovery, production of enzyme preparations with suitable protein compositions, and the engineering of microorganisms capable of fermenting hexose and pentose in hydrolysates and inhibitors tolerance, etc., need to be further developed. The process integration of cellulosic ethanol and value-added products also needs to be developed to improve the economic benefits of the whole process. This review summarizes the status and progresses of cellulosic ethanol production and potential value-added products from corn fiber and presents some challenges in this field at present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, No. 72, Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Guodong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, No. 72, Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Yanchun Ning
- Research Institute of Jilin Petrochemical Company, PetroChina, No. 27, Zunyidong Road, Jilin City, 132021, Jilin, China
| | - Xuezhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, No. 72, Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China.
| | - Shiyang Hu
- Research Institute of Jilin Petrochemical Company, PetroChina, No. 27, Zunyidong Road, Jilin City, 132021, Jilin, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, No. 72, Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China.
| | - Yinbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, No. 72, Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China
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Guo Y, Huang J, Xu N, Jia H, Li X, Zhao J, Qu Y. A Detoxification-Free Process for Enhanced Ethanol Production From Corn Fiber Under Semi-Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:861918. [PMID: 35432253 PMCID: PMC9005949 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.861918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Corn fiber, a by-product from the corn-processing industry, is an attractive feedstock for cellulosic ethanol because of its rich carbohydrate content (mainly residual starch, cellulose, and hemicellulose), abundant reserves, easy collection, and almost no transportation cost. However, the complex structure and components of corn fiber, especially hemicellulose, make it difficult to be effectively hydrolyzed into fermentable sugars through enzymatic hydrolysis. This study developed a simple and easy industrialized process without detoxification treatment for high-yield ethanol produced from corn fiber. Corn fiber was pretreated by dilute acid under the conditions optimized by Box-Behnken design (0.5% H2SO4 at 105°C for 43 min), and 81.8% of total sugars, including glucose, xylose, and arabinose, could be recovered, then the mixture (solid and hydrolysates) was directly used for semi-simultaneous saccharification and fermentation without detoxification, and ethanol yield reached about 81% of the theoretical yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiamin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Nuo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hexue Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuezhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yinbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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Mohammadi Shad Z, Venkitasamy C, Wen Z. Corn distillers dried grains with solubles: Production, properties, and potential uses. Cereal Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cche.10445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhiyou Wen
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department Iowa State University Ames IA USA
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Lin M, Feng L, Cheng Z, Wang K. Effect of ethanol or lactic acid on volatile fatty acid profile and microbial community in short-term sequentially transfers by ruminal fermented with wheat straw in vitro. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Zheng Y, Johnston D, Engeseth N, Singh V, Tumbleson M, Rausch K. Effects of compositional variables on fouling behavior of thin stillage. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Juneja A, Noordam B, Pel H, Basu R, Appeldoorn M, Singh V. Optimization of two-stage pretreatment for maximizing ethanol production in 1.5G technology. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 320:124380. [PMID: 33217695 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Two-stage pretreatment conditions were optimized to convert corn fiber, separated from whole stillage in a corn dry grind ethanol plant, to fermentable sugars via hydrolysis. Liquid hot water pretreatment (25% solids) at 180 °C for 10 min, followed by three cycles of disk milling, provided maximum glucose, xylose, and arabinose yields of 88.5%, 41.0%, and 30.4% respectively after hydrolysis with Cellulase I. The glucose, xylose, and arabinose yields with Cellulase II at optimum conditions were 94.9%, 74.2%, and 66.3%, respectively. SSF of corn fiber using engineered yeast, with both Cellulase I and II, provided maximum ethanol concentrations of 2.13% and 2.73% (v/v). The protein content in the residual solid after fermentation was 47.95% and 52.05% for Cellulase I and II, respectively. This technology provides additional ethanol in a dry grind plant by converting corn fiber into ethanol and increases the protein content of DDGS, thereby improving the quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Juneja
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | - Herman Pel
- DSM Food Specialties, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Rahul Basu
- DSM Bio-based Products & Services, Elgin, IL, USA
| | | | - Vijay Singh
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
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High solids all-inclusive polysaccharide hydrolysis of steam-exploded corn pericarp by periodic peristalsis. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 246:116483. [PMID: 32747226 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A new sequence of steam explosion (SE) with periodic peristalsis (PP) exploited to fractionate corn pericarp (CP), and its high solid cellulosic hydrolysis to increase sugar yield. In this investigation, the optimum SE-condition was 0.8 MPa/5 min., recovered around 12.62 % total sugars than untreated CP, whereas glucan and xylan digestibility reached around 97 % and 87 %, respectively. Besides that, the unground SECP conversion increased by 27.10 % glucan and 34.18 % xylan than the ground one. FE-SEM, FTIR, XRD results confirmed that SE significantly fractionated the amorphous substances that driven the increment of the crystallinity index. SE changed the functional groups without altering the lignin, and also the formation of degradations products was negligible and not detrimental to sugars conversion. An unpolluted SEPP enzymatic hydrolysis system at high solid loading (25 %) with compatible low cellulase dose (15 FPU g-1 solids) was beneficial to intensified sugars conversion.
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Ben Atitallah I, Antonopoulou G, Ntaikou I, Alexandropoulou M, Nasri M, Mechichi T, Lyberatos G. On the evaluation of different saccharification schemes for enhanced bioethanol production from potato peels waste via a newly isolated yeast strain of Wickerhamomyces anomalus. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 289:121614. [PMID: 31203181 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study focuses on the exploration of the potential use of potato peels waste (PPW) as feedstock for bioethanol production, using a newly isolated yeast strain, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, via different saccharification and fermentation schemes. The saccharification of PPW was performed via thermal and chemical (acid, alkali) pretreatment, as well as via enzymatic hydrolysis through the use of commercial enzymes (cellulase and amylase) or enzymes produced at lab scale (alpha-amylase from Bacillus sp. Gb67), either separately or in mixtures. The results indicated that the enzymatic treatment by commercial enzymes led to a higher saccharification efficiency (72.38%) and ethanol yield (0.49 g/gconsumed sugars) corresponding to 96% of the maximum theoretical. In addition, acid pretreatment was found to be beneficial for the process, leading also to high hydrolysis and ethanol yields, indicating that PPW is a very promising feedstock for bio-ethanol production by W. anomalus under different process schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Ben Atitallah
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering and Microbiology, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, BP 1173, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Georgia Antonopoulou
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Stadiou, Platani, Patras GR 26504, Greece.
| | - Ioanna Ntaikou
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Stadiou, Platani, Patras GR 26504, Greece
| | - Maria Alexandropoulou
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Stadiou, Platani, Patras GR 26504, Greece
| | - Moncef Nasri
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering and Microbiology, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, BP 1173, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Tahar Mechichi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Gerasimos Lyberatos
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Stadiou, Platani, Patras GR 26504, Greece; School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, GR 15780 Athens, Greece
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Yu J, Xu Z, Liu L, Chen S, Wang S, Jin M. Process integration for ethanol production from corn and corn stover as mixed substrates. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 279:10-16. [PMID: 30710815 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This work investigated all possible process integration strategies for ethanol production from corn and dilute acid pretreated corn stover (CS) as mixed substrates. Three corn to pretreated CS ratios (20%:10%, 10%:20% and 5%:25%) were examined. When the ratio of corn to pretreated CS was 20%:10%, the process integration strategy that mixed corn with CS hydrolysate for liquefaction followed by SSF resulted in the highest ethanol titer of 99.3 g/L. Mixing liquefied corn with pretreated CS for hydrolysis/saccharification followed by fermentation was the best strategy for the other two ratios. The strategy of mixing liquefied corn with pretreated CS for 6 h hydrolysis followed by fermentation showed the highest productivity for all the tested ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Yu
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Zhaoxian Xu
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Jiangsu Huating Biotechnology Co., Ltd., 228 Xingang South Road, Xinyi Economic Development District, Xinyi, Jiangsu 221400, China
| | - Sitong Chen
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Shengwei Wang
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Mingjie Jin
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China.
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