1
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Wu Z, Wang T, Zhao Z, Ji Y, Bai H, Jiang Y, Wang X, Nawaz H, He A, Xia J, Xu J, Chen S, Hu L. Niobium-based single-atom catalyst promoted fractionation of lignocellulose in choline chloride-lactic acid deep eutectic solvent. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:132055. [PMID: 38704073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Pretreatment is the key step to convert lignocelluloses to sustainable biofuels, biochemicals or biomaterials. In this study, a green pretreatment method based on choline chloride-lactic acid deep eutectic solvent (ChCl-LA) and niobium-based single-atom catalyst (Nb/CN) was developed for the fractionation of corn straw and further enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. With this strategy, significant lignin removal of 96.5 % could be achieved when corn straw was pretreated by ChCl-LA (1:2) DES over Nb/CN under 120 °C for 6 h. Enzymatic hydrolysis of the cellulose-enriched fraction (CEF) presented high glucose yield of 92.7 % and xylose yield of 67.5 %. In-depth investigations verified that the high yields of fractions and monosaccharides was attributed to the preliminary fractionation by DES and the deep fractionation by Nb/CN. Significantly, compared to other reported soluble catalysts, the synthesized single-atom catalyst displayed excellent reusability by simple filtration and enzymatic hydrolysis. The recyclability experiments showed that the combination of ChCl-LA DES and Nb/CN could be repeated at least three times for corn straw fractionation, moreover, the combination displayed remarkable feedstock adaptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Zihe Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Yifan Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Hongli Bai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Yetao Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Haq Nawaz
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Aiyong He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Jun Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Jiaxing Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lei Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China.
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2
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Ewuzie RN, Genza JR, Abdullah AZ. Review of the application of bimetallic catalysts coupled with internal hydrogen donor for catalytic hydrogenolysis of lignin to produce phenolic fine chemicals. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:131084. [PMID: 38521312 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass contains lignin, an aromatic and oxygenated substance and a potential method for lignin utilization is achieved through catalytic conversion into useful phenolic and aromatic monomers. The application of monometallic catalysts for lignin hydrogenolysis reaction remains one of the major reasons for the underutilization of lignin to produce valuable chemicals. Monometallic catalysts have many limitations such as limited catalytic sites for interacting with different lignin linkages, poor catalytic activity, low lignin conversion, and low product selectivity. It is due to lack of synergy with other metallic catalysts that can enhance the catalytic activity, stability, selectivity, and overall catalytic performance. To overcome these limitations, works on the application of bimetallic catalysts that can offer higher activity, selectivity, and stability have been initiated. In this review, cutting-edge insights into the catalytic hydrogenolysis of lignin, focusing on the production of phenolic and aromatic monomers using bimetallic catalysts within an internal hydrogen donor solvent are discussed. The contribution of this work lies in a critical discussion of recent reported findings, in-depth analyses of reaction mechanisms, optimal conditions, and emerging trends in lignin catalytic hydrogenolysis. The specific effects of catalytic active components on the reaction outcomes are also explored. Additionally, this review extends beyond current knowledge, offering forward-looking suggestions for utilizing lignin as a raw material in the production of valuable products across various industrial processes. This work not only consolidates existing knowledge but also introduces novel perspectives, paving the way for future advancements in lignin utilization and catalytic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jackson Robinson Genza
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Zuhairi Abdullah
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia.
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3
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Wang X, Xu W, Zhang D, Li X, Shi J. Structural Characteristics-Reactivity Relationships for Catalytic Depolymerization of Lignin into Aromatic Compounds: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098330. [PMID: 37176036 PMCID: PMC10179062 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing renewable biomass resources is an urgent task to reduce climate change. Lignin, the only renewable aromatic feedstock present in nature, has attracted considerable global interest in its transformation and utilization. However, the complexity of lignin's structure, uncertain linkages, stability of side chain connection, and inevitable recondensation of reaction fragments make lignin depolymerization into biofuels or platform chemicals a daunting challenge. Therefore, understanding the structural characteristics and reactivity relationships is crucial for achieving high-value utilization of lignin. In this review, we summarize the key achievements in the field of lignin conversion with a focus on the effects of the β-O-4 content, S/G ratio, lignin sources, and an "ideal" lignin-catechyl lignin. We discuss how these characteristics influence the formation of lignin monomer products and provide an outlook on the future direction of lignin depolymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Wooden Materials Science and Engineering of Jilin Province, Beihua University, Binjiang East Road, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Wenbiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Wooden Materials Science and Engineering of Jilin Province, Beihua University, Binjiang East Road, Jilin 132013, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Materials Science and Technology of Jilin Province, Beihua University, Binjiang East Road, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Materials Science and Technology of Jilin Province, Beihua University, Binjiang East Road, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Forest Biomass Green Manufacturing of Jilin Province, Beihua University, Binjiang East Road, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Junyou Shi
- Key Laboratory of Wooden Materials Science and Engineering of Jilin Province, Beihua University, Binjiang East Road, Jilin 132013, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Materials Science and Technology of Jilin Province, Beihua University, Binjiang East Road, Jilin 132013, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Forest Biomass Green Manufacturing of Jilin Province, Beihua University, Binjiang East Road, Jilin 132013, China
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Haldar D, Dey P, Thomas J, Singhania RR, Patel AK. One pot bioprocessing in lignocellulosic biorefinery: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 365:128180. [PMID: 36283673 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Practically, high-yield conversion of biomass into value-added products at low cost is a primary goal for any lignocellulosic refinery. In the industrial context, the limitation in the practical adaptation of the conventional techniques practically involves multiple reactors for the conversion of biomass to bioproducts. Therefore, the present manuscript critically reviewed the advancements in one-pot reaction systems with a major focus on the scientific production of value-added products from lignocellulosic biomass. In view of that, the novelty of one-pot reactions is shown during the fractionation of biomass into their individual constituents. The importance of the direct conversion of cellulose and lignin into a range of valuable products including organic acids and platform chemicals are separately discussed. Finally, the article is concluded with the opportunities, existing troubles, and possible solutions to overcome the challenges in lignocellulosic biorefinery. This article will assist the readers to identify the economic-friendly-one-pot conversion of lignocellulosic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibyajyoti Haldar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biosciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore 641114, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pinaki Dey
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695019, India
| | - Jibu Thomas
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biosciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore 641114, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Reeta Rani Singhania
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226029, India
| | - Anil Kumar Patel
- Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226029, India; Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan.
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5
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Insights into the mechanism of lignin dissolution via deep eutectic solvents by using Hansen solubility theory. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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6
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Insights into depolymerization pathways and mechanism of alkali lignin over a Ni1.2–ZrO2/WO3/γ-Al2O3 catalyst. Chin J Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2021.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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7
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Lu X, Guo H, Chen J, Wang D, Lee AF, Gu X. Selective Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation of Lignin to Alkyl Guaiacols Over NiMo/Al-MCM-41. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200099. [PMID: 35192235 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Efficient deoxygenation of lignin-derived bio-oils is central to their adoption as precursors to sustainable liquid fuels in place of current fossil resources. In-situ catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH), using isopropanol and formic acid as solvent and in-situ hydrogen sources, was demonstrated over metal-doped and promoted MCM-41 for the depolymerization of oxygen-rich (35.85 wt%) lignin from Chinese fir sawdust (termed O-lignin). A NiMo/Al-MCM-41 catalyst conferred an optimal lignin-derived oil yield of 61.6 wt% with a comparatively low molecular weight (Mw =542 g mol-1 , Mn =290 g mol-1 ) and H/C ratio of 1.39. High selectivity to alkyl guaiacols was attributed to efficient in-situ hydrogen transfer from isopropanol/formic acid donors, and a synergy between surface acid sites in the Al-doped MCM-41 support and reducible Ni/Mo species, which improved the chemical stability and quality of the resulting lignin-derived bio-oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Lu
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
| | - Haoquan Guo
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
| | - Jiajia Chen
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
| | - Duoying Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
| | - Adam F Lee
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC3000, Australia
| | - Xiaoli Gu
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
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8
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Younes K, Moghrabi A, Moghnie S, Mouhtady O, Murshid N, Grasset L. Assessment of the Efficiency of Chemical and Thermochemical Depolymerization Methods for Lignin Valorization: Principal Component Analysis (PCA) Approach. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:194. [PMID: 35012215 PMCID: PMC8747416 DOI: 10.3390/polym14010194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy demand and the use of commodity consumer products, such as chemicals, plastics, and transportation fuels, are growing nowadays. These products, which are mainly derived from fossil resources and contribute to environmental pollution and CO2 emissions, will be used up eventually. Therefore, a renewable inexhaustible energy source is required. Plant biomass resources can be used as a suitable alternative source due to their green, clean attributes and low carbon emissions. Lignin is a class of complex aromatic polymers. It is highly abundant and a major constituent in the structural cell walls of all higher vascular land plants. Lignin can be used as an alternative source for fine chemicals and raw material for biofuel production. There are many chemical processes that can be potentially utilized to increase the degradation rate of lignin into biofuels or value-added chemicals. In this study, two lignin degradation methods, CuO-NaOH oxidation and tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH) thermochemolysis, will be addressed. Both methods showed a high capacity to produce a large molecular dataset, resulting in tedious and time-consuming data analysis. To overcome this issue, an unsupervised machine learning technique called principal component analysis (PCA) is implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Younes
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Kuwait; (A.M.); (S.M.); (O.M.); (N.M.)
| | - Ahmad Moghrabi
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Kuwait; (A.M.); (S.M.); (O.M.); (N.M.)
| | - Sara Moghnie
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Kuwait; (A.M.); (S.M.); (O.M.); (N.M.)
| | - Omar Mouhtady
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Kuwait; (A.M.); (S.M.); (O.M.); (N.M.)
| | - Nimer Murshid
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Kuwait; (A.M.); (S.M.); (O.M.); (N.M.)
| | - Laurent Grasset
- Université de Poitiers, IC2MP, UMR CNRS 7285, 4 rue Michel Brunet, TSA 51106, CEDEX 9, 86073 Poitiers, France;
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9
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Chistyakov AV, Konstantinov GI, Tsodikov MV, Maximov AL. Rapid Conversion of Methane to Hydrogen Stimulated by Microwave Irradiation on the Surface of a Carbon Adsorbent. DOKLADY PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0012501621050018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The paper presents the results on the rapid production of H2 from CH4 by its direct decomposition in a plasma-catalytic mode stimulated by microwave irradiation (MWI) at 600°C. Methane was passed through a bed of iron-containing carbon adsorbent obtained from gas coal characterized by a large dielectric loss tangent. Under MWI, intense breakdown effects with plasma generation appear on the surface of the iron–carbon system. Methane in the plasma converts to hydrogen and carbon. A method has been developed for the rapid regeneration of the catalyst by water vapor with the removal of carbon under microwave stimulation. Short-cycle experiments have shown that the catalytic system provides high conversions of methane and its almost complete regeneration.
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10
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Yang Z, Feng J, Cheng H, Liu Y, Jiang J. Directional depolymerization of lignin into high added-value chemical with synergistic effect of binary solvents. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 321:124440. [PMID: 33307485 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This work exploits a one-pot method for directional depolymerizing organosolv lignin into high added-value phenolic monomers with synergistic reaction system consisted of methanol-dimethoxymethane binary solvents and acid catalyst. The influence of solvent composition and reaction parameters such as different catalyst, binary solvents ratio, time, and temperature on the conversion of lignin and yield of products were investigated carefully, the optimum yield of liquid products and phenolic monomers were achieved at 67.39% and 27.67% at 200 °C kept for 60 min with low amount of acid catalyst. The plausible mechanism on the depolymerization of lignin was proposed in view of product distributions. Moreover, the combination of co-solvents and acidic catalyst was also suitable for converting different types of lignin into phenolic monomers, and the recyclability of joint reaction system was satisfactory. These results can provide promising prospects on developing an effective method for achieving high added-value phenolic compounds from lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongzhi Yang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China.
| | - Junfeng Feng
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-forest Biomass, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, China; College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Haowen Cheng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Yongxiang Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Jianchun Jiang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, China; College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
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11
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Song C, Zhang C, Zhang S, Lin H, Kim Y, Ramakrishnan M, Du Y, Zhang Y, Zheng H, Barceló D. Thermochemical liquefaction of agricultural and forestry wastes into biofuels and chemicals from circular economy perspectives. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 749:141972. [PMID: 33370925 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Waste produced in various fields and activities in society has been increasing, thereby causing immediate environmental harm and a serious-global problem. Recently, the attitude towards waste has changed along with innovations making waste as a new resource. Agricultural and forestry wastes (AFWs) are globally produced in huge amounts and thought to be an important resource to be used for decreasing the dependence on fossil fuels. The central issue is to take use of AFW for different types of products making it a source of energy and at the same time refining it for the production of valuable chemicals. In this review, we present an overview of the composition and pretreatment of AFWs, thermochemical liquefaction including direct liquefaction and indirect liquefaction (liquid products from syngas by gasification) for producing biofuels and/or chemicals. The following two key points were discussed in-depth: the solvent or medium of thermochemical conversion and circular economy of liquid products. The concept of bio-economy entails economic use of waste streams, leading to the widened assessment of biomass use for energy where sustainability is a key issue coined in the circular economy. The smart use of AFWs requires a combination of available waste streams and local technical solutions to meet sustainability criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengfang Song
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Shicheng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hui Lin
- The Institute of Environment, Resources, Soil and Fertilizers, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Yrjälä Kim
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Muthusamy Ramakrishnan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yanqiang Du
- National Land Joint Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment Resources Utilization and Remediation, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Huabao Zheng
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Damià Barceló
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Girona, Spain; Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain.
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12
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Abstract
Lignin, a component of lignocellulosic biomass, is abundant and is produced extensively as a waste product of the Kraft pulping process, lignin obtained from this process is called Kraft lignin (KL). Lignin’s three-dimensional structure composed of aromatic alcohols (monolignols) makes it a potential source of renewable aromatic chemicals or bio-oil, if depolymerized. Among all the depolymerization methods for KL, solvolysis is the most popular, showing consistently high bio-oil yields. Despite the large number of studies that have been carried out, an economically feasible industrial process has not been found and comparison among the various studies is difficult, as very different studies in terms of reaction media and catalysts report seemingly satisfactory results. In this review, we compare and analyze KL solvolysis studies published, identify trends in bio-oil composition and give a comprehensive explanation about the mechanisms involved in the processes. Additional commentary is offered about the availability and future potential of KL as a renewable feedstock for aromatic chemicals, as well as logistical and technical aspects.
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13
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Xiang Z, Han W, Deng J, Zhu W, Zhang Y, Wang H. Photocatalytic Conversion of Lignin into Chemicals and Fuels. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:4199-4213. [PMID: 32329562 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202000601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Lignin, an underutilized component of lignocellulosic biomass, is regarded as a rich reservoir for the production of aromatic chemicals and fuels. Despite extensive research in recent years, lignin's potential is far from being fully unlocked. Photocatalysis that uses sustainable solar energy to drive lignin conversion under mild conditions has been identified as a promising strategy and received growing research interest. This review aims to present a critical introduction to the photocatalytic conversion of lignin, including a summary of lignin conversion pathways and mechanisms, as well as the latest cutting-edge innovations on photocatalyst design and reactor construction. Moreover, the screening of solvents and regulation of other key factors that are involved in photocatalytic lignin conversion are also elucidated and future perspectives and challenges for photocatalytic conversion of lignin into valuable products are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Xiang
- College of Biomass Sciences and Engineering/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Wanying Han
- College of Biomass Sciences and Engineering/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jin Deng
- CAS Key Lab of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P.R. China
| | - Wanbin Zhu
- College of Biomass Sciences and Engineering/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- CAS Key Lab of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P.R. China
| | - Hongliang Wang
- College of Biomass Sciences and Engineering/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China
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Zhao B, Hu Y, Gao J, Zhao G, Ray MB, Xu CC. Recent Advances in Hydroliquefaction of Biomass for Bio-oil Production Using In Situ Hydrogen Donors. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c01649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bojun Zhao
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P. R. China
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Yulin Hu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Jihui Gao
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P. R. China
| | - Guangbo Zhao
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P. R. China
| | - Madhumita B. Ray
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Chunbao Charles Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
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15
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Yu X, Wei Z, Lu Z, Pei H, Wang H. Activation of lignin by selective oxidation: An emerging strategy for boosting lignin depolymerization to aromatics. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 291:121885. [PMID: 31377049 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is the most abundant, renewable aromatic resource on earth and holds great potential for the production of value-added chemicals. The efficient valorization of lignin requires to deal with several formidable challenges, especially to prevent it from re-condensation reactions during its depolymerization. Recently, a strategy involving the activation of lignin side chains by selective oxidation of the benzylic alcohol in β-O-4 linkages to facilitate lignin degradation to aromatic monomers has become very popular. This strategy provides great advantages for lignin selective degradation to high yields of aromatics under mild conditions, but requires an additional pre-oxidation step. The purpose of this review is to provide the latest cutting-edge innovations of this novel approach. Various catalytic systems, including those using chemo-catalytic methods, physio-chemo catalytic methods, and/or bio-catalytic methods, for the oxidative activation of lignin side chains are summarized. By analyzing the current situation of lignin depolymerization, certain promising directions are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Yu
- College of Biomass Sciences and Engineering/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ziqing Wei
- College of Biomass Sciences and Engineering/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Zhixian Lu
- College of Biomass Sciences and Engineering/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haisheng Pei
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Postharvest Handing Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijjing 100121, China
| | - Hongliang Wang
- College of Biomass Sciences and Engineering/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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16
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Cao Y, Chen SS, Zhang S, Ok YS, Matsagar BM, Wu KCW, Tsang DCW. Advances in lignin valorization towards bio-based chemicals and fuels: Lignin biorefinery. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 291:121878. [PMID: 31377047 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is one of the most promising renewable sources for aromatic hydrocarbons, while effective depolymerization towards its constituent monomers is a particular challenge because of the structural complexity and stability. Intensive research efforts have been directed towards exploiting effective valorization of lignin for the production of bio-based platform chemicals and fuels. The present contribution aims to provide a critical review of key advances in the identification of exact lignin structure subjected to various fractionation technologies and demonstrate the key roles of lignin structures in depolymerization for unique functionalized products. Various technologies (e.g., thermocatalytic approaches, photocatalytic conversion, and mechanochemical depolymerization) are reviewed and evaluated in terms of feasibility and potential for further upgrading. Overall, advances in pristine lignin structure analysis and conversion technologies can facilitate recovery and subsequent utilization of lignin towards tailored commodity chemicals and fungible fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Season S Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shicheng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Babasaheb M Matsagar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Kevin C-W Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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Wang D, Li G, Zhang C, Wang Z, Li X. Nickel nanoparticles inlaid in lignin-derived carbon as high effective catalyst for lignin depolymerization. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 289:121629. [PMID: 31220768 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ni nanoparticles inlaid in lignin-derived carbon constructing the "inlaid type" Ni/C-I was reported to improve stability and adjust metal-support interaction of lignin hydrogenolysis catalyst. The Ni/C-I was further heat treated in air to prepare Ni/C-R so as to re-expose the blocked active sites by carbon species. A lot of characterization techniques were carried out to confirm the "inlaid structure" of the catalysts. The lignin depolymerization results demonstrated that the Ni/C-R had better catalytic performance than traditional "supported type" Ni/C, 23.3% aromatic monomer yield and 82.4% bio-oil yield were achieved. Moreover, the mechanism studies with lignin model compound revealed that Ni/C-R had better bond breaking ability than Ni/C, even CC bond could be cleaved. The electron effect could be responsible for that, since the electrons could transfer from Ni0 to carbon support for Ni/C-R, which could improve the bond breaking ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, PR China
| | - Guangci Li
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, PR China
| | - Chuanhui Zhang
- Institute of Materials for Energy and Environment, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, PR China.
| | - Xuebing Li
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, PR China
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