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Agarwalla A, Komandur J, Mohanty K. Current trends in the pretreatment of microalgal biomass for efficient and enhanced bioenergy production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 369:128330. [PMID: 36403907 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biofuels from microalgal biomass is among some of the promising sustainable energy technologies that can significantly replace the dependence on fossil fuels worldwide due to potentiality to lower CO2 emissions. Nevertheless, the extraction of biomolecules for biofuel generation is inhibited by the rigidity of the cellular structure of microalgal biomass. Various pretreatment strategies have been evaluated for their efficacy in microalgal cell wall disruption to enhance microalgal bioenergy production. However, the efficiency of the pretreatment methods depend on the particular species being treated due to the inherent variability of the composition of the cell wall. This paper reviews pretreatment strategies (mainly novel physical, chemical and physicochemical) employed in bioenergy generation from microalgal biomass, address existing constraints and provides prospects for economic and industrial-scale production. The authors have also discussed the different pretreatment methods used for biodiesel, bioethanol, and biohydrogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Agarwalla
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Janaki Komandur
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Kaustubha Mohanty
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India; School of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India.
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Oh YK, Kim S, Ilhamsyah DPA, Lee SG, Kim JR. Cell disruption and lipid extraction from Chlorella species for biorefinery applications: Recent advances. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 366:128183. [PMID: 36307027 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chlorella is a promising microalga for CO2-neutral biorefinery that co-produces drop-in biofuels and multiple biochemicals. Cell disruption and selective lipid extraction steps are major technical bottlenecks in biorefinement because of the inherent robustness and complexity of algal cell walls. This review focuses on the state-of-the-art achievements in cell disruption and lipid extraction methods for Chlorella species within the last five years. Various chemical, physical, and biological approaches have been detailed theoretically, compared, and discussed in terms of the degree of cell wall disruption, lipid extractability, chemical toxicity, cost-effectiveness, energy use, scalability, customer preferences, environment friendliness, and synergistic combinations of different methods. Future challenges and prospects of environmental-friendly and efficient extraction technologies are also outlined for practical applications in sustainable Chlorella biorefineries. Given the diverse industrial applications of Chlorella, this review may provide useful information for downstream processing of the advanced biorefineries of other algae genera.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Kwan Oh
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University (PNU), Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sangui Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University (PNU), Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sun-Gu Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University (PNU), Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Rae Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University (PNU), Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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Zhou Y, Liu L, Li M, Hu C. Algal biomass valorisation to high-value chemicals and bioproducts: Recent advances, opportunities and challenges. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126371. [PMID: 34838628 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Algae are considered promising biomass resources for biofuel production. However, some arguments doubt the economical and energetical feasibility of algal cultivation, harvesting, and conversion processes. Beyond biofuel, value-added bioproducts can be generated via algae conversion, which would enhance the economic feasibility of algal biorefineries. This review primarily focuses on valuable chemical and bioproduct production from algae. The methods for effective recovery of valuable algae components, and their applications are summarized. The potential routes for the conversion of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins to valuable chemicals and bioproducts are assessed from recent studies. In addition, this review proposes the following challenges for future algal biorefineries: (1) utilization of naturally grown algae instead of cultivated algae; (2) fractionation of algae to individual components towards high-selectivity products; (3) avoidance of humin formation from algal carbohydrate conversion; (4) development of strategies for algal protein utilisation; and (5) development of efficient processes for commercialization and industrialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingdong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China
| | - Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China
| | - Mingyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China
| | - Changwei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China.
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Zhu Y, Zhong X, Wang Y, Zhao Q, Huang H. Growth Performance and Antioxidative Response of Chlorella pyrenoidesa, Dunaliella salina, and Anabaena cylindrica to Four Kinds of Ionic Liquids. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:1945-1966. [PMID: 33528747 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03515-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids are widely used for lipid and pigment extractions from microalgae. It is possible that ionic liquids are discharged into environments. The evaluation of growth performance and antioxidative response of ionic liquids to microalgae is helpful to explore the stress regulation mechanism and investigate possible environmental risk. Ionic liquids induce production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to microalgae. These oxidative stresses are possible from cations, anions, and salinity. In this study, the growth inhibitions of [BMIM]Br, [BMIM]Cl, [EMIM]Cl, and [EMIM]EtOSO3 to Anabaena cylindrica, Chlorella pyrenoidesa, and Dunaliella salina were evaluated. It was interesting that Br- and two kinds of cations, [BMIM] and [EMIM], had significant effects on growth inhibitions of these microalgae. IC50 values of these ionic liquids for A. cylindrica, C. pyrenoidesa, and D. salina were also estimated based on the results of growth inhibitions. It was proved that [EMIM]Cl is relatively harmless to C. pyrenoidesa and D. salina, and [EMIM]EtOSO3 is relatively or practically harmless to C. pyrenoidesa. [BMIM]Br and [BMIM]Cl are practically harmless to A. cylindrica and C. pyrenoidesa, and relatively harmless to D. salina. More than 0.8 g/L [EMIM]EtOSO3 led to bleaching of both A. cylindrica and D. salina at 48 h which was shown that the anion, EtOSO3-, had higher inhibition to A. cylindrica and D. salina than Cl-. In addition, high concentration of ionic liquids led to reductions of chlorophyll content in these three kinds of microalgae, increase of ROS levels and malondialdehyde contents for most of the cases. High concentration of ionic liquids also increased the activities of superoxide dismutase in three kinds of microalgae. There were positive correlations between ROS levels or MDA content, and inhibitions ratios of these ionic liquids to microalgae except [EMIM]Cl to A. cylindrica. These antioxidant enzymes were beneficial for reducing the ROS induced by ionic liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqing Zhong
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujiao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanyu Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China.
| | - He Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing, People's Republic of China. .,State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 5 Xinmofan Road, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China. .,School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
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