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Li S, Wang H, Jiang W, Zhou J, Liu Y. Integrated Preparation of Hollow Lignin Nanoparticles as a Drug Carrier and Levulinic Acid from the Poplar Wood Prehydrolysis Liquor. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:9676-9687. [PMID: 38663019 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Prehydrolysis liquid (PHL) from dissolving pulp and biorefinery industries is rich in saccharides and lignin, being considered as a potential source of value-added materials and platform molecules. This study proposed an environmentally friendly and simple method to prepare morphologically controllable hollow lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) and levulinic acid (LA) from PHL. In the first step, after hydrothermal treatment of PHL with p-toluenesulfonic acid (p-TsOH), lignin with a uniform molecular weight was obtained to prepare LNPs. The prepared LNPs have an obvious hollow structure, with an average size of 490-660 nm, and exhibit good stability during 30 days of storage. When the as-obtained LNPs were used as a sustained-release agent for amikacin sulfate, the encapsulation efficiency reached over 70% and the release efficiency within 40 h reached 69.2% in a pH 5.5 buffer. Subsequently, the remaining PHL that contains saccharides was directly used for LA production under the catalysis of p-TsOH. At 150 °C for 1.5 h, the LA yield reached 58.4% and remained at 56% after 5 cycles of p-TsOH. It is worth noting that only p-TsOH was used as a reactive reagent throughout the entire preparation process. Overall, this study provided a novel pathway for the integrated utilization of PHL and showed the immense potential of the preparation and application of LNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunli Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose Chemistry and Biomaterials, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material and Green Papermaking, Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Science and Technology of Shandong Province/Ministry of Education, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250353, P.R. China
| | - Huimei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material and Green Papermaking, Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Science and Technology of Shandong Province/Ministry of Education, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250353, P.R. China
| | - Weikun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material and Green Papermaking, Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Science and Technology of Shandong Province/Ministry of Education, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250353, P.R. China
| | - Jinghui Zhou
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose Chemistry and Biomaterials, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, P.R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose Chemistry and Biomaterials, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material and Green Papermaking, Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Science and Technology of Shandong Province/Ministry of Education, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250353, P.R. China
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Jyoti, Dwivedi P, Negi P, Chauhan R, Gosavi SW, Mishra BB. Alkaline hydrolysis of spent aromatic biomass for production of phenolic aldehydes, lignin, and cellulose. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 387:129659. [PMID: 37573982 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
In order to combat the environmental issues associated with the burning of spent aromatic biomass (SAB), a method for alkaline hydrolysis of SAB has been developed to afford phenolic acids, predominantly the p-coumaric acid, lignin, and cellulose. Lignin (∼15 wt%) from alkaline hydrolysate was separated by precipitation while a mixture of phenolic acids obtained was directly reacted with a green reagent, PhI(OAc)2, under one-pot condition to afford a mixture of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (>90 wt%) and vanillin (<10 wt%). Unreacted biomass obtained in the process was successfully used as a substrate for the production of cellulose (∼40 wt%). The developed method exhibits potential for application on an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Sector 81 (Knowledge City), S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali140306, Punjab, India; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Panjab University, Sector 14, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Pratibha Dwivedi
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Sector 81 (Knowledge City), S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali140306, Punjab, India
| | - Pooja Negi
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Sector 81 (Knowledge City), S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali140306, Punjab, India; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Panjab University, Sector 14, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Ratna Chauhan
- Department of Environmental Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Suresh W Gosavi
- Department of Environmental Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India; Department of Physics, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Bhuwan B Mishra
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Sector 81 (Knowledge City), S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali140306, Punjab, India.
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Singh M, Pandey N, Negi P, Larroche C, Mishra BB. Solvothermal conversion of spent aromatic waste to ethyl glucosides. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 292:133428. [PMID: 34968518 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
On-farm extraction of commercially important essential oil from aromatic crops generates huge spent aromatic waste. This massive waste is often disposed in the unregulated landfills or burned in the open air to vacate the fields. Hence, a new method for processing of aromatic spent waste has been developed to obtain platform chemicals, such as, xylose and ethyl glucosides. The thermochemical liquefaction of acid pre-treated palmarosa (cymbopogon martini) biomass furnished a mixture of ethyl glucopyranosides in good yield (∼17 wt% relative to biomass) and selectivity (∼77%) by heating with p-cymen-2-sulphonic acid (p-CSA) in the presence of ethanol as a solvent. The detection, quantification and isolation of ethyl glucosides may provide a new application of spent aromatic biomass for use as a feed stock in the production of value added chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangat Singh
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Sector 81 (Knowledge City), S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Nishant Pandey
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Sector 81 (Knowledge City), S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Pooja Negi
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Sector 81 (Knowledge City), S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Christian Larroche
- Polytech Clermont Ferrand, University Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Bhuwan B Mishra
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Sector 81 (Knowledge City), S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India.
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Hydrothermal Carbonization as Sustainable Process for the Complete Upgrading of Orange Peel Waste into Value-Added Chemicals and Bio-Carbon Materials. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app112210983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a simple and green protocol to obtain hydrochar and high-added value products, mainly 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), furfural (FU), levulinic acid (LA) and alkyl levulinates, by using the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of orange peel waste (OPW) is presented. Process variables, such as reaction temperature (180–300 °C), reaction time (60–300 min), biomass:water ratio and initial pH were investigated in order to find the optimum conditions that maximize both the yields of solid hydrochar and 5-HMF and levulinates in the bio-oil. Data obtained evidence that the highest yield of hydrochar is obtained at a 210 °C reaction temperature, 180 min residence time, 6/1 w/w orange peel waste to water ratio and a 3.6 initial pH. The bio-products distribution strongly depends on the applied reaction conditions. Overall, 180 °C was found to be the best reaction temperature that maximizes the production of furfural and 5-HMF in the presence of pure water as a reaction medium.
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Singh M, Pandey N, Mishra BB. A divergent approach for the synthesis of (hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF) from spent aromatic biomass-derived (chloromethyl)furfural (CMF) as a renewable feedstock. RSC Adv 2020; 10:45081-45089. [PMID: 35516261 PMCID: PMC9058557 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09310f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Extraction of commercial essential oil from several aromatic species belonging to the genus Cymbopogon results in the accumulation of huge spent aromatic waste which does not have high value application; instead, the majority is burned or disposed of to vacate fields. Open burning of spent aromatic biomass causes deterioration of the surrounding air quality. Therefore, a new protocol has been developed for chemical processing of spent biomass to obtain 5-(chloromethyl)furfural (CMF) with high selectivity (∼80%) and yields (∼26 wt% or ∼76 mol% with respect to pre-treated biomass) via refluxing in aqueous HCl in the presence of NaCl as a cheap catalyst. No black tar formation and gasification were observed in the processing of the spent aromatic biomass. Spent aromatic waste-derived CMF was further converted to 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF) in good yields by a novel one pot method using iodosylbenzene (PhIO) as a reagent under mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangat Singh
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB) Sector 81 (Knowledge City), S.A.S. Nagar Mohali-140306 Punjab India +91-172-5221541
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Panjab University Chandigarh-160014 India
| | - Nishant Pandey
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB) Sector 81 (Knowledge City), S.A.S. Nagar Mohali-140306 Punjab India +91-172-5221541
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Panjab University Chandigarh-160014 India
| | - Bhuwan B Mishra
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB) Sector 81 (Knowledge City), S.A.S. Nagar Mohali-140306 Punjab India +91-172-5221541
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Levulinic Acid Production from Delignified Rice Husk Waste over Manganese Catalysts: Heterogeneous Versus Homogeneous. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10030327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Delignified rice husk waste (25.66% (wt) cellulose) was converted to levulinic acid using three types of manganese catalysts, i.e., the Mn3O4/hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolite and Mn3O4 heterogenous catalysts, as well as Mn(II) ion homogeneous counterpart. The hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolite was prepared using the double template method and modified with Mn3O4 through wet-impregnation method. The structure and physicochemical properties of the catalyst materials were determined using several solid-state characterization techniques. The reaction was conducted in a 200 mL-three neck-round bottom flask at 100 °C and 130 °C for a certain reaction time in the presence of 10% (v/v) phosphoric acid and 2% (v/v) H2O2 aqueous solution, and the product was analyzed using HPLC. In general, 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (5-HMF) as the intermediate product was produced after 2 h and decreased after 4 h reaction time. To conclude, the Mn3O4/hierarchical ZSM-5 heterogenous catalyst gave the highest yield (wt %) of levulinic acid (39.75% and 27.60%, respectively) as the main product, after 8 h reaction time.
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Islam MK, Wang H, Rehman S, Dong C, Hsu HY, Lin CSK, Leu SY. Sustainability metrics of pretreatment processes in a waste derived lignocellulosic biomass biorefinery. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 298:122558. [PMID: 31862395 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Excessive utilization of fossil fuels has resulted in serious concerns about climate change. Integrating biorefinery technology to convert waste-derived-lignocellulosic biomass into biofuels and biopolymers has become an emerging topic toward our sustainable future. Pretreatment to fractionate the building block chemicals from the biomass is a crucial unit operation to ease the downstream processes in biorefinery. However, application of solvents and chemicals in the process can create many operational and environmental challenges in sensitive areas like highly populated cities. To shed light on how to determine a green biorefinery, this study presents the sustainability metrics of various pretreatment techniques and their operational risks during urbanization. The proposed green indexes include fractionation outputs, chemical recyclability, operational profile, and safety factors. In line with the design principles of lignin valorization, the issue of urban biomass and water-and-energy nexus are addressed to support future development and application of urban biorefinery for municipal waste management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Khairul Islam
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China; Research Institute for Sustainable Urban Development (RISUD), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huaimin Wang
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China; School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shazia Rehman
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chengyu Dong
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hsien-Yi Hsu
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Carol Sze Ki Lin
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shao-Yuan Leu
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China; Research Institute for Sustainable Urban Development (RISUD), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China.
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Mahato N, Sharma K, Sinha M, Baral ER, Koteswararao R, Dhyani A, Hwan Cho M, Cho S. Bio-sorbents, industrially important chemicals and novel materials from citrus processing waste as a sustainable and renewable bioresource: A review. J Adv Res 2020; 23:61-82. [PMID: 32082624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrus waste includes peels, pulp and membrane residue and seeds, constituting approximately 40-60% of the whole fruit. This amount exceeds ~110-120 million tons annually worldwide. Recent investigations have been focused on developing newer techniques to explore various applications of the chemicals obtained from the citrus wastes. The organic acids obtained from citrus waste can be utilized in developing biodegradable polymers and functional materials for food processing, chemical and pharmaceutical industries. The peel microstructures have been investigated to create bio-inspired materials. The peel residue can be processed to produce fibers and fabrics, 3D printed materials, carbon nanodots for bio-imaging, energy storage materials and nanostructured materials for various applications so as to leave no waste at all. The article reviews recent advances in scientific investigations to produce valuable products from citrus wastes and possibilities of innovating future materials and promote zero remaining waste for a cleaner environment for future generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelima Mahato
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Kavita Sharma
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Idaho State University, Pocatello 83209, ID, USA
| | - Mukty Sinha
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Palej, Gandhinagar 382 355, India
| | - Ek Raj Baral
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Rakoti Koteswararao
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Palej, Gandhinagar 382 355, India
| | - Archana Dhyani
- Department of Physics, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
| | - Moo Hwan Cho
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghun Cho
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
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