1
|
Ravi Kiran B, Singh P, Kuravi SD, Mohanty K, Venkata Mohan S. Modulating cultivation regimes of Messastrum gracile SVMIICT7 for biomass productivity integrated with resource recovery via hydrothermal liquefaction. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 356:120458. [PMID: 38479286 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The present study was designed to assess Messastrum gracile SVMIICT7 potential in treating dairy wastewater (autoclaved (ADWW) and raw (DWW)) with relation to nutrient removal, in-vivo Chl-a-based biomass, and bio-oil synthesis. Chlorophyll a fluorescence kinetics revealed improved photochemical efficiency (0.639, Fv/Fm) in M. gracile when grown with DWW. This may be owing to enhanced electron transport being mediated by an effective water-splitting complex at photosystem (PSII) of thylakoids. The increase in ABS/RC observed in DWW can be attributed to the elevated chlorophyll content and reduced light dissipation, as evident by higher values of ETo/RC and a decrease in non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). M. gracile inoculated in DWW had the highest Chl-a-biomass yield (1.8 g L-1) and biomolecules while maximum nutrient removal efficiency was observed in ADWW (83.7% TN and 60.07% TP). M. gracile exhibited substantial bio-oil yield of 29.6% and high calorific value of 37.19 MJ kg-1, predominantly composed of hydrocarbons along with nitrogen and oxygen cyclic compounds. This research offers a thorough investigation into wastewater treatment, illustrating the conversion of algal biomass into valuable energy sources and chemical intermediates within the framework of a biorefinery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boda Ravi Kiran
- Bioengineering and Environmental Science Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - Pooja Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, India
| | - Sri Divya Kuravi
- Bioengineering and Environmental Science Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, 500 007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Kaustubha Mohanty
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, India
| | - S Venkata Mohan
- Bioengineering and Environmental Science Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, 500 007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Singh M, Singh M, Singh SK. Tackling municipal solid waste crisis in India: Insights into cutting-edge technologies and risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 917:170453. [PMID: 38296084 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management is a pressing global concern, with increasing interest in Waste-to-Energy Technologies (WTE-T) to divert waste from landfills. However, WTE-T adoption is hindered by financial uncertainties. The economic benefits of MSW treatment and energy generation must be balanced against environmental impact. Integrating cutting-edge technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI) can enhance MSW management strategies and facilitate WTE-T adoption. This review paper explores waste classification, generation, and disposal methods, emphasizing public awareness to reduce waste. It discusses AI's role in waste management, including route optimization, waste composition forecasting, and process parameter optimization for energy generation. Various energy production techniques from MSW, such as high-solids anaerobic digestion, torrefaction, plasma pyrolysis, incineration, gasification, biodegradation, and hydrothermal carbonization, are examined for their advantages and challenges. The paper emphasizes risk assessment in MSW management, covering chemical, mechanical, biological, and health-related risks, aiming to identify and mitigate potential adverse effects. Electronic waste (E-waste) impact on human health and the environment is thoroughly discussed, highlighting the release of hazardous substances and their contribution to air, soil, and water pollution. The paper advocates for circular economy (CE) principles and waste-to-energy solutions to achieve sustainable waste management. It also addresses complexities and constraints faced by developing nations and proposes strategies to overcome them. In conclusion, this comprehensive review underscores the importance of risk assessment, the potential of AI and waste-to-energy solutions, and the need for sustainable waste management to safeguard public health and the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mansi Singh
- Department of Zoology, Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Madhulika Singh
- Department of Botany, Swami Shraddhanand College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Sunil K Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kashyap M, Chakraborty S, Kumari A, Rai A, Varjani S, Vinayak V. Strategies and challenges to enhance commercial viability of algal biorefineries for biofuel production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 387:129551. [PMID: 37506948 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The rise in energy consumption would quadruple in the coming century and the, existing energy resources might be insufficient to meet the demand of the growing population. An alternative and sustainable energy resource is therefore needed to address the fossil fuel deficiency. The utility of microalgae strains in the aspect of biorefinery has been in research for quite some time. Algal biorefinery is an alternate way of renewable energy however even after decades of research it still suffers from commercialization bottlenecks. The current manuscript reviews the scenarios where the innovation needs an ignition for its commercialization. This review discusses the prospects of up-scale cultivation, and harvesting algal biomass for biorefineries. It narrates algal biorefinery hurdles that can be solved using integrated technology approach, life cycle assessment and applications of nanotechnology. The review also sheds light upon the ties of algal biorefineries with its economic viability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mrinal Kashyap
- Porter School of Earth and Environment Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Sukanya Chakraborty
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied Science, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, MP 470003, India
| | - Anamika Kumari
- Porter School of Earth and Environment Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied Science, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, MP 470003, India
| | - Anshuman Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Ambala, Haryana 133203, India; State Forensic Science Laboratory, Haryana, Madhuban 132037, India
| | - Sunita Varjani
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong; Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248 007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vandana Vinayak
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied Science, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, MP 470003, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Naveenkumar R, Iyyappan J, Pravin R, Kadry S, Han J, Sindhu R, Awasthi MK, Rokhum SL, Baskar G. A strategic review on sustainable approaches in municipal solid waste management andenergy recovery: Role of artificial intelligence,economic stability andlife cycle assessment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 379:129044. [PMID: 37044151 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The consumption of energy levels has increased in association with economic growth and concurrently increased the energy demand from renewable sources. The need under Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) intends to explore various technological advancements for the utilization of waste to energy. Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) has been reported as constructive feedstock to produce biofuels, biofuel carriers and biochemicals using energy-efficient technologies in risk freeways. The present review contemplates risk assessment and challenges in sorting and transportation of MSW and different aspects of conversion of MSW into energy are critically analysed. The circular bioeconomy of energy production strategies and management of waste are also analysed. The current scenario on MSW and its impacts on the environment are elucidated in conjunction with various policies and amendments equipped for the competent management of MSW in order to fabricate a sustained environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajendiran Naveenkumar
- Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Forest Products Laboratory, USDA Forest Service, Madison, WI 53726, United States
| | - Jayaraj Iyyappan
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai 602107, India
| | - Ravichandran Pravin
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Joseph's College of Engineering, Chennai 600119. India
| | - Seifedine Kadry
- Department of Applied Data Science, Noroff University College, Kristiansand, Norway; Artificial Intelligence Research Center (AIRC), Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Jeehoon Han
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Department of Food Technology, TKM Institute of Technology, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | | | - Gurunathan Baskar
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Joseph's College of Engineering, Chennai 600119. India; Department of Applied Data Science, Noroff University College, Kristiansand, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vaishnav S, Saini T, Chauhan A, Gaur GK, Tiwari R, Dutt T, Tarafdar A. Livestock and poultry farm wastewater treatment and its valorization for generating value-added products: Recent updates and way forward. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 382:129170. [PMID: 37196748 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Livestock and poultry wastewater poses a potent risk factor for environmental pollution accelerating disease load and premature deaths. It is characterized by high chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, suspended solids, heavy metals, pathogens, and antibiotics, among other contaminants. These contaminants have a negative impact on the quality of soil, groundwater, and air, and is a potential hazard to human health. Depending on the specific characteristics of wastewater, such as the type and concentration of pollutants present; several physical, chemical and biological strategies have been developed for wastewater treatment. This review aims at providing comprehensive overview of the profiling of livestock wastewater from the dairy, swine and poultry sub-sectors along with the biological (annamox and genetically modified bacteria) and physico-chemical treatment methodologies, and valorisation for the generation of value-added products such as bioplastics, biofertilizers, biohydrogen and microalgal-microbial fuel cells. Additionally, future perspectives for efficient and sustainable wastewater treatment are contemplated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Vaishnav
- Livestock Production and Management Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tapendra Saini
- Livestock Production and Management Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anuj Chauhan
- Livestock Production and Management Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gyanendra Kumar Gaur
- Livestock Production and Management Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rupasi Tiwari
- Livestock Production and Management Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Triveni Dutt
- Livestock Production and Management Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ayon Tarafdar
- Livestock Production and Management Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Arora Y, Sharma S, Sharma V. Microalgae in Bioplastic Production: A Comprehensive Review. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2023; 48:7225-7241. [PMID: 37266400 PMCID: PMC10183103 DOI: 10.1007/s13369-023-07871-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The current era of industrialization includes a constantly increasing demand for plastic products, but because plastics are rarely recycled and are not biodegradable plastic pollution or "white pollution" has been the result. The consumption of petroleum-based plastics will be 20% of global annual oil by 2050, and thus there is an inevitable need to find an innovative solution to reduce plastic pollution. The biodegradable and environmentally benign bioplastics are suitable alternative to fossil-based plastics in the market due to sustainability, less carbon footprint, lower toxicity and high degradability rate. Microalgal species is an innovative approach to be explored and improved for bioplastic production. Microalgae are generally present in abundant quantity in our ecosystem, and polysaccharide in the algae can be processed and utilized to make biopolymers. Also, these species have a high growth rate and can be easily cultivated in wastewater streams. The review aims to determine the recent status of bioplastic production techniques from microalgal species and also reveal optimization opportunities involved in the process. Several strategies for bioplastic production from algal biomass are being discussed nowadays, and the most prominent are "with blending" (blending of algal biomass with bioplastics and starch) and "without blending" (microalgae as a feedstock for polyhydroxyalkanoates production). The advanced research on modern bioengineering techniques and well-established genetic tools like CRISPR-Cas9 should be encouraged to develop recombinant microalgae strains with elevated levels of PHA/PHB inside the cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukta Arora
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Jalandhar, Punjab India
| | - Shivika Sharma
- Biochemical Conversion Division, SSS-NIBE, Kapurthala, Punjab India
| | - Vikas Sharma
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Jalandhar, Punjab India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chakraborty D, Chatterjee S, Althuri A, Palani SG, Venkata Mohan S. Sustainable enzymatic treatment of organic waste in a framework of circular economy. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 370:128487. [PMID: 36528180 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic treatment of food and vegetable waste (FVW) is an eco-friendly approach for producing industrially relevant value-added products. This review describes the sources, activities and potential applications of crucial enzymes in FVW valorization. The specific roles of amylase, cellulase, xylanase, ligninase, protease, pectinase, tannase, lipase and zymase enzymes were explained. The exhaustive list of value-added products that could be produced from FVW is presented. FVW valorization through enzymatic and whole-cell enzymatic valorization was compared. The note on global firms specialized in enzyme production reiterates the economic importance of enzymatic treatment. This review provides information on choosing an efficient enzymatic FVW treatment strategy, such as nanoenzyme and cross-linked based enzyme immobilization, to make the process viable, sustainable and cheaper. Finally, the importance of life cycle assessment of enzymatic valorization of FVW was impressed to prove this approach is a better option to shift from a linear to a circular economy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debkumar Chakraborty
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Sulogna Chatterjee
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Avanthi Althuri
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India; Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy-502284, Telangana, India
| | - Sankar Ganesh Palani
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus 500078, India
| | - S Venkata Mohan
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Deepika C, Wolf J, Roles J, Ross I, Hankamer B. Sustainable Production of Pigments from Cyanobacteria. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 183:171-251. [PMID: 36571616 DOI: 10.1007/10_2022_211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Pigments are intensely coloured compounds used in many industries to colour other materials. The demand for naturally synthesised pigments is increasing and their production can be incorporated into circular bioeconomy approaches. Natural pigments are produced by bacteria, cyanobacteria, microalgae, macroalgae, plants and animals. There is a huge unexplored biodiversity of prokaryotic cyanobacteria which are microscopic phototrophic microorganisms that have the ability to capture solar energy and CO2 and use it to synthesise a diverse range of sugars, lipids, amino acids and biochemicals including pigments. This makes them attractive for the sustainable production of a wide range of high-value products including industrial chemicals, pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals and animal-feed supplements. The advantages of cyanobacteria production platforms include comparatively high growth rates, their ability to use freshwater, seawater or brackish water and the ability to cultivate them on non-arable land. The pigments derived from cyanobacteria and microalgae include chlorophylls, carotenoids and phycobiliproteins that have useful properties for advanced technical and commercial products. Development and optimisation of strain-specific pigment-based cultivation strategies support the development of economically feasible pigment biorefinery scenarios with enhanced pigment yields, quality and price. Thus, this chapter discusses the origin, properties, strain selection, production techniques and market opportunities of cyanobacterial pigments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charu Deepika
- Institute of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Juliane Wolf
- Institute of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - John Roles
- Institute of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ian Ross
- Institute of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ben Hankamer
- Institute of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lisha VS, Kothale RS, Sidharth S, Kandasubramanian B. A critical review on employing algae as a feed for polycarbohydrate synthesis. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2022.100242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
10
|
Althuri A, Venkata Mohan S. Emerging innovations for sustainable production of bioethanol and other mercantile products from circular economy perspective. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 363:128013. [PMID: 36155807 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biogenic municipal solid waste (BMSW) and food waste (FW) with high energy density are ready to tap renewable resources for industrial scale ethanol refinery foreseen for establishing bio-based society. Circular economy has occupied limelight in the domain of renewable energy and sustainable chemicals production. The present review highlights the importance of BMSW/FW as newer feed reserves that can cater as parent molecules for an array of high-visibility industrial products along with bioethanol upon implementing a judicious closed-cascade mass-flow mechanism enabling ultimate feed and waste stream valorisation. Though these organics are attractive resources their true potential for energy production has not been quantified yet owing to their heterogeneous composition and associated technical challenges thus pushing waste refinery and industrial symbiosis concepts to backseat. To accelerate this industrial vision, the novel bioprocessing strategies for enhanced and low-cost production of bioethanol from BMSW/FW along with other commercially imperative product portfolio have been discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avanthi Althuri
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India; Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy-502284, Telangana, India
| | - S Venkata Mohan
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Viswanathan K, Huang JM, Tsai TH, Chang JS, Wu W. Exploration of algal biorefinery frameworks: Optimization, quantification of environmental impacts and economics. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
12
|
Yadav K, Vasistha S, Nawkarkar P, Kumar S, Rai MP. Algal biorefinery culminating multiple value-added products: recent advances, emerging trends, opportunities, and challenges. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:244. [PMID: 36033914 PMCID: PMC9402873 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03288-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Algal biorefinery is rising as a prominent solution to economically fulfill the escalating global requirement for nutrition, feed, fuel, and medicines. In recent years, scientific productiveness associated with microalgae-based studies has elaborated in multiplied aspects, while translation to the commercial level continues to be missing. The present microalgal biorefinery has a challenge in long-term viability due to escalated market price of algal-mediated biofuels and bioproducts. Advancements are required in a few aspects like improvement in algae processing, energy investment, and cost analysis of microalgae biorefinery. Therefore, it is essential to recognize the modern work by understanding the knowledge gaps and hotspots driving business scale up. The microalgae biorefinery integrated with energy-based products, bioactive and green compounds, focusing on a circular bioeconomy, is urgently needed. A detailed investigation of techno-economic analysis (TEA) and life cycle assessment (LCA) is important to increase the market value of algal products. This review discusses the valorization of algal biomass for the value-added application that holds a sustainable approach and cost-competitive algal biorefinery. The current industries, policies, technology transfer trends, challenges, and future economic outlook are discussed. This study is an overview through scientometric investigation attempt to describe the research development contributing to this rising field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kushi Yadav
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201313 India
| | - Shrasti Vasistha
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201313 India
| | - Prachi Nawkarkar
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Shashi Kumar
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Monika Prakash Rai
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201313 India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kopperi H, Mohan SV. Comparative appraisal of nutrient recovery, bio-crude, and bio-hydrogen production using Coelestrella sp. in a closed-loop biorefinery. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:964070. [PMID: 36213054 PMCID: PMC9537770 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.964070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A closed loop algal-biorefinery was designed based on a three-stage integration of dairy wastewater (DWW) treatment, hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of defatted algal biomass, and acidogenic process in a semi-synthetic framework. Initially, Coelestrella sp SVMIICT5 was grown in a 5 L photo-bioreactor and scaled up to a 50 L flat-panel photo-bioreactor using DWW. The microalgal growth showed higher photosynthetic efficiency, resulting in a biomass growth of 3.2 g/L of DCW with 87% treatment efficiency. The biomolecular composition showed 26% lipids with a good fatty acid profile (C12-C21) as well as carbohydrate (24.9%) and protein (31.8%) content. In the second stage, the de-oiled algal biomass was valorized via HTL at various temperatures (150°C, 200°, and 250°C) and reaction atmospheres (N2 and H2). Among these, the 250°C (H2) condition showed a 52% bio-crude fraction and an HHV of ∼29.47 MJ/kg (bio-oil) with a saturated hydrocarbon content of 64.3% that could be further upgraded to jet fuels. The energy recovery (73.01%) and elemental enrichment (carbon; 65.67%) were relatively greater in H2 compared to N2 conditions. Finally, dark fermentation of the complex-structured HTL-AF stream resulted in a total bio-H2 production of 231 ml/g of TOC with a 63% treatment efficiency. Life cycle analysis (LCA) was also performed for the mid-point and damage categories to assess the sustainability of the integrated process. Thus, the results of this study demonstrated comprehensive wastewater treatment and valorization of de-oiled algal biomass for chemical/fuel intermediates in the biorefinery context by low-carbon processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harishankar Kopperi
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences (BEES) Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - S. Venkata Mohan
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences (BEES) Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- *Correspondence: S. Venkata Mohan,
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Agarwalla A, Mishra S, Mohanty K. Treatment and recycle of harvested microalgal effluent using powdered activated carbon for reducing water footprint and enhancing biofuel production under a biorefinery model. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 360:127598. [PMID: 35820557 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the suitability of cultivating Monoraphidium sp. KMC4 was exhibited in different effluent based culture (EBC) media concentrations, the latter being treated with powdered activated carbon (PAC) with a loading of 5-50 mg L-1. The optimum EBC media treated with 30 mg L-1 PAC enhanced the biomass yield by 21.9% as compared to the untreated one (1.21 g L-1). A recyclability study performed in five batches resulted in an optimal growth up to three batches with an overall biomass yield of 4.21 g and a total water savings of 30%. Additionally, physico-chemical characterization and FAME profile of the biomass from the recyclability study validated feedstock's energy potential. Moreover, this study proposes a biorefinery model which could recover nutrient rich liquid effluent (3.1 million litres) and solid residue for various applications along with the generation of 5760 kg of biomass followed by 113 L d-1 biodiesel yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Agarwalla
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Sanjeev Mishra
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Kaustubha Mohanty
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India; School of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ubando AT, Anderson S Ng E, Chen WH, Culaba AB, Kwon EE. Life cycle assessment of microalgal biorefinery: A state-of-the-art review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 360:127615. [PMID: 35840032 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microalgal biorefineries represent an opportunity to economically and environmentally justify the production of bioproducts. The generation of bioproducts within a biorefinery system must quantitatively demonstrate its viability in displacing traditional fossil-based refineries. To this end, several works have conducted life cycle analyses on microalgal biorefineries and have shown technological bottlenecks due to energy-intensive processes. This state-of-the-art review covers different studies that examined microalgal biorefineries through life cycle assessments and has identified strategic technologies for the sustainable production of microalgal biofuels through biorefineries. Different metrics were introduced to supplement life cycle assessment studies for the sustainable production of microalgal biofuel. Challenges in the comparison of various life cycle assessment studies were identified, and the future design choices for microalgal biorefineries were established.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aristotle T Ubando
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, 0922 Manila, Philippines; Center for Engineering and Sustainable Development Research, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, 0922 Manila, Philippines; Thermomechanical Laboratory, De La Salle University, Laguna Campus, LTI Spine Road, Laguna Blvd, Biñan, Laguna 4024, Philippines
| | - Earle Anderson S Ng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, 0922 Manila, Philippines
| | - Wei-Hsin Chen
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung 411, Taiwan.
| | - Alvin B Culaba
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, 0922 Manila, Philippines; Center for Engineering and Sustainable Development Research, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, 0922 Manila, Philippines
| | - Eilhann E Kwon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kumari P, Ravi Kiran B, Venkata Mohan S. Polyhydroxybutyrate production by Chlorella sorokiniana SVMIICT8 under Nutrient-deprived mixotrophy. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 354:127135. [PMID: 35405214 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polyhydroxybutyrates (PHBs) are naturally occurring biopolymeric compounds that accumulate in a variety of microorganisms, including microalgae as energy and carbon storage sources. The present study was designed to evaluate nature-based PHB production using microalgae (Chlorella sorokiniana SVMIICT8) in biphasic (growth (GP) and stress phase (SP)) nutritional mode of cultivation. Microalgal PHB accumulation was driven by nutrient constraint, with a maximal production of 29.5% of PHB from 0.94 gm L-1 of biomass. Fluorescence microscopy revealed PHB granules in the cell cytoplasm, while NMR (1H and 13C), XRD and TGA analysis confirmed the structure. The biopolymer obtained was homopolymer of PHB with carbonyl (C=O) stretch of the aliphatic ester moiety. In GC-MS analysis, major peak representing butyric acid methyl ester also confirmed the PHB. Chlorophyll a fluorescence transients inferred through OJIP, exhibited significant variation in photosynthetic process during growth and nutrient limiting conditions. Mining of bio-based products from microalgae cultivation embrace nature-based approach addressing climate change and sustainability inclusively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Kumari
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Boda Ravi Kiran
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - S Venkata Mohan
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Behera B, Selvam S M, Paramasivan B. Research trends and market opportunities of microalgal biorefinery technologies from circular bioeconomy perspectives. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 351:127038. [PMID: 35331886 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae as an alternative feedstock for sustainable bio-products have gained significant interest over years. Even though scientific productivity related to microalgae-based research has increased in recent decades, translation to industrial scale is still lacking. Therefore, it is essential to understand the current state-of-art and, identify research gaps and hotspots driving industrial scale up. The present review through scientometric analysis attempted to delineate the research evolution contributing to this emerging field. The research trends were analysed over the last decade globally highlighting the collaborative network between the countries. The comprehensive knowledge map generated confirmed microalgal biorefinery as a scientifically active field, where the present research interest is focussed on synergistically integrating the unit processes involved to make it enviro-economically feasible. Market opportunities and regulatory policy requirements along with the consensus need to adopt circular bio-economy perspectives were highlighted to facilitate real-time implementation of microalgal biorefinery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bunushree Behera
- Agricultural & Environmental Biotechnology Group, Department of Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India.
| | - Mari Selvam S
- Agricultural & Environmental Biotechnology Group, Department of Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Balasubramanian Paramasivan
- Agricultural & Environmental Biotechnology Group, Department of Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Javed MU, Mukhtar H, Hayat MT, Rashid U, Mumtaz MW, Ngamcharussrivichai C. Sustainable processing of algal biomass for a comprehensive biorefinery. J Biotechnol 2022; 352:47-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
19
|
Prabha S, Vijay AK, Paul RR, George B. Cyanobacterial biorefinery: Towards economic feasibility through the maximum valorization of biomass. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 814:152795. [PMID: 34979226 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are well known for their plethora of applications in the fields of food industry, pharmaceuticals and bioenergy. Their simple growth requirements, remarkable growth rate and the ability to produce a wide range of bio-active compounds enable them to act as an efficient biorefinery for the production of valuable metabolites. Most of the cyanobacteria based biorefineries are targeting single products and thus fails to meet the efficient valorization of biomass. On the other hand, multiple products recovering cyanobacterial biorefineries can efficiently valorize the biomass with minimum to zero waste generation. But there are plenty of bottlenecks and challenges allied with cyanobacterial biorefineries. Most of them are being associated with the production processes and downstream strategies, which are difficult to manage economically. There is a need to propose new solutions to eliminate these tailbacks so on to elevate the cyanobacterial biorefinery to be an economically feasible, minimum waste generating multiproduct biorefinery. Cost-effective approaches implemented from production to downstream processing without affecting the quality of products will be beneficial for attaining economic viability. The integrated approaches in cultivation systems as well as downstream processing, by simplifying individual processes to unit operation systems can obviously increase the economic feasibility to a certain extent. Low cost approaches for biomass production, multiparameter optimization and successive sequential retrieval of multiple value-added products according to their high to low market value from a biorefinery is possible. The nanotechnological approaches in cyanobacterial biorefineries make it one step closer to the goal. The current review gives an overview of strategies used for constructing self-sustainable- economically feasible- minimum waste generating; multiple products based cyanobacterial biorefineries by the efficient valorization of biomass. Also the possibility of uplifting new cyanobacterial strains for biorefineries is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syama Prabha
- Department of Botany, CMS College (Autonomous), Kottayam 686001. Kerala, India
| | - Aravind K Vijay
- Department of Botany, CMS College (Autonomous), Kottayam 686001. Kerala, India
| | - Rony Rajan Paul
- Department of Chemistry, CMS College (Autonomous), Kottayam 686001. Kerala, India
| | - Basil George
- Department of Botany, CMS College (Autonomous), Kottayam 686001. Kerala, India.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Uma VS, Usmani Z, Sharma M, Diwan D, Sharma M, Guo M, Tuohy MG, Makatsoris C, Zhao X, Thakur VK, Gupta VK. Valorisation of algal biomass to value-added metabolites: emerging trends and opportunities. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2022; 22:1-26. [PMID: 35250414 PMCID: PMC8889523 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-022-09805-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Algal biomass is a promising feedstock for sustainable production of a range of value-added compounds and products including food, feed, fuel. To further augment the commercial value of algal metabolites, efficient valorization methods and biorefining channels are essential. Algal extracts are ideal sources of biotechnologically viable compounds loaded with anti-microbial, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancerous and several therapeutic and restorative properties. Emerging technologies in biomass valorisation tend to reduce the significant cost burden in large scale operations precisely associated with the pre-treatment, downstream processing and waste management processes. In order to enhance the economic feasibility of algal products in the global market, comprehensive extraction of multi-algal product biorefinery is envisaged as an assuring strategy. Algal biorefinery has inspired the technologists with novel prospectives especially in waste recovery, carbon concentration/sequestration and complete utilisation of the value-added products in a sustainable closed-loop methodology. This review critically examines the latest trends in the algal biomass valorisation and the expansive feedstock potentials in a biorefinery perspective. The recent scope dynamics of algal biomass utilisation such as bio-surfactants, oleochemicals, bio-stimulants and carbon mitigation have also been discussed. The existing challenges in algal biomass valorisation, current knowledge gaps and bottlenecks towards commercialisation of algal technologies are discussed. This review is a comprehensive presentation of the road map of algal biomass valorisation techniques towards biorefinery technology. The global market view of the algal products, future research directions and emerging opportunities are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V. S. Uma
- Radiological and Environmental Safety Group, Department of Atomic Energy, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR), Govt of India, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Zeba Usmani
- Department of Applied Biology, University of Science and Technology, Meghalaya, 793101 India
| | - Minaxi Sharma
- Department of Applied Biology, University of Science and Technology, Meghalaya, 793101 India
| | - Deepti Diwan
- School of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO USA
| | - Monika Sharma
- Department of Botany, Sri Avadh Raj Singh Smarak Degree College, Gonda, UP India
| | - Miao Guo
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, King’s College, Strand Campus, The Strand London, London, WC2R 2LS UK
| | - Maria G. Tuohy
- Molecular Glycobiotechnology Group, Biochemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Ryan Institute and MaREI, National University of Ireland, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Charalampos Makatsoris
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, King’s College, Strand Campus, The Strand London, London, WC2R 2LS UK
| | - Xiaobin Zhao
- Future Business Cambridge, Cambond Limited, Centre Kings Hedges Road, Cambridge, CB4 2HY UK
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, EH9 3JG Edinburgh, UK
- School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies (UPES), 248007 Dehradun, India
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, EH9 3JG Edinburgh, UK
- Center for Safe and Improved Food, Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG UK
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Divya Kuravi S, Venkata Mohan S. Mixotrophic cultivation of Monoraphidium sp. In dairy wastewater using Flat-Panel photobioreactor and photosynthetic performance. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 348:126671. [PMID: 34995780 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Monoraphidium sp. SVMIICT6 was isolated and mixotrophically cultivated in a flat-panel photobioreactor (8 days) to treat synthetic dairy wastewater. COD, nitrates, and phosphates removal efficiencies were 75%, 85%, and 60% respectively. The nutrient removal supported the growth of microalgae in terms of biomass productivity (50 mg L-1d-1), and accumulation of carbohydrate (228.8 mg g-1), protein (88.8 mg g-1), and lipid content (25%). Elemental analysis of microalgal biomass revealed carbon (50.6%) as a major fraction. Quantum yield and electron transport rate (ETR) from PSII to PSI increased with time correlating well with chlorophyll pigments (89.53 mg g-1). The lipid profile resulted in a major fraction of Heptadecanoic acid (C17:0; 51.5%), followed by Myristoleic acid (C14:1; 24.3%) with potent nutraceutical properties. The isolated strain showed efficient treatment of dairy wastewater yielding biomass for diverse applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sri Divya Kuravi
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering (DEEE), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - S Venkata Mohan
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering (DEEE), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Biodegradable Solvents: A Promising Tool to Recover Proteins from Microalgae. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12052391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The world will face a significant protein demand in the next few decades, and due to the environmental concerns linked to animal protein, new sustainable protein sources must be found. In this regard, microalgae stand as an outstanding high-quality protein source. However, different steps are needed to separate the proteins from the microalgae biomass and other biocompounds. The protein recovery from the disrupted biomass is usually the bottleneck of the process, and it typically employs organic solvents or harsh conditions, which are both detrimental to protein stability and planet health. Different techniques and methods are applied for protein recovery from various matrices, such as precipitation, filtration, chromatography, electrophoresis, and solvent extraction. Those methods will be reviewed in this work, discussing their advantages, drawbacks, and applicability to the microalgae biorefinery process. Special attention will be paid to solvent extraction performed with ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs), which stand as promising solvents to perform efficient protein separations with reduced environmental costs compared to classical alternatives. Finally, several solvent recovery options will be analyzed to reuse the solvent employed and isolate the proteins from the solvent phase.
Collapse
|
23
|
Hemalatha M, Venkata Mohan S. Duckweed biorefinery - Potential to remediate dairy wastewater in integration with microbial protein production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 346:126499. [PMID: 34883194 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The phytoremediation potential of Duckweed in treating dairy wastewater (DWW) was studied, focusing on its utilization as nutritional biomass. The process resulted in good treatment efficiency with removal of organic carbon of 74% (COD), nitrates of 66% and phosphates of 80%. The increase in duckweed fronds with time was observed (doubling time (DT) - 0.87) resulting in an overall dry weight of 3.73 g. The lentils showed 58% of protein, 29.5% of carbohydrate (with 20% of starch), 15.6% of lipid (FAME-29.3%-saturated, 40.7%-mono- and 30%-poly-unsaturated fatty acids) and good amino acid content (34.04% essential and 65.92% non-essential). The biomass hydrolysate (mild acid pretreated) served as a substrate for microbial protein (MP) production using Bacillus subtilis, resulting in 60% of protein (0.57 g protein/g COD consumed; 0.63 g protein/g N consumed) and 21% of carbohydrate. The duckweed biomass offers multiple benefits including nutritional supplement in food/feed for livestock and poultry industries along with concurrent wastewater treatment as well serves as potential feedstock for biorefinery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manupati Hemalatha
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering (DEEE), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - S Venkata Mohan
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering (DEEE), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ravi Kiran B, Venkata Mohan S. Phycoremediation potential ofTetradesmus sp.SVMIICT4in treating dairy wastewaterusingFlat-Panel photobioreactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 345:126446. [PMID: 34861385 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tetradesmus sp. SVMIICT4 was isolated and cultivated mixotrophically in a flat-panel photobioreactor (FP-PBR) for concurrent dairy wastewater treatment, carbon fixation, and biomass production. Integrated wastewater treatment showed good COD and nutrients removal efficiency accounting for biomass with an accumulation of carbohydrate (21.48 mg g-1) and protein (19.52 mg g-1). Chlorophyll a fluorescence transients (Fv/Fm, ETo/RC, TRo/RC, and Abs/RC) deduced through OJIP curve fittings, showed consistent improvement in photosynthetic activity throughout the cultivation period. The absorption flux per reaction centre corroborated with increased chlorophyll content (18.94 mg g-1), resulting in higher electron transport (ET/Rc) and lower non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). The fatty acid profile showed high content of unsaturated, followed by saturated fatty acids, which has multiple applications in food, feed, and fuel industries, enabling a bio-based economy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boda Ravi Kiran
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering (DEE), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - S Venkata Mohan
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering (DEE), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Park WK, Min K, Yun JH, Kim M, Kim MS, Park GW, Lee SY, Lee S, Lee J, Lee JP, Moon M, Lee JS. Paradigm shift in algal biomass refinery and its challenges. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 346:126358. [PMID: 34800638 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae have been studied and tested for over 70 years. However, biodiesel, the prime target of the algal industry, has suffered from low competitiveness and current steps toward banning the internal combustion engine all over the world. Meanwhile, interest in reducing CO2 emissions has grown as the world has witnessed disasters caused by global warming. In this situation, in order to maximize the benefits of the microalgal industry and surmount current limitations, new breakthroughs are being sought. First, drop-in fuel, mandatory for the aviation and maritime industries, has been discussed as a new product. Second, methods to secure stable and feasible outdoor cultivation focusing on CO2 sequestration were investigated. Lastly, the need for an integrated refinery process to simultaneously produce multiple products has been discussed. While the merits of microalgae industry remain valid, further investigations into these new frontiers would put algal industry at the core of future bio-based economy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Won-Kun Park
- Department of Chemistry & Energy Engineering, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungseon Min
- Gwangju Bio/Energy R&D Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Gwangju 61003, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Yun
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsik Kim
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sik Kim
- Energy Resources Upcycling Research Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwon Woo Park
- Gwangju Bio/Energy R&D Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Gwangju 61003, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Youn Lee
- Gwangju Bio/Energy R&D Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Gwangju 61003, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin Lee
- Gwangju Bio/Energy R&D Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Gwangju 61003, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiye Lee
- Gwangju Bio/Energy R&D Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Gwangju 61003, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Pyo Lee
- Gwangju Bio/Energy R&D Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Gwangju 61003, Republic of Korea
| | - Myounghoon Moon
- Gwangju Bio/Energy R&D Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Gwangju 61003, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin-Suk Lee
- Gwangju Bio/Energy R&D Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Gwangju 61003, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chatterjee S, Venkata Mohan S. Fungal biorefinery for sustainable resource recovery from waste. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 345:126443. [PMID: 34852279 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Depletion of natural resources and negative impact of fossil fuels on environment are becoming a global concern. The concept of biorefinery is one of the alternative platforms for the production of biofuels and chemicals. Valorisation of biological resources through complete utilization of waste, reusing secondary products and generating energy to power the process are the key principles of biorefinery. Agricultural residues and biogenic municipal solid wastes are getting importance as a potential feedstock for the generation of bioproducts. This communication reviews and highlights the scope of yeast and fungi as a potent candidate for the synthesis of gamut of bioproducts in an integrated approach addressing sustainability and circular bioeconomy. It also provides a close view on importance of microbes in biorefinery, feedstock pretreatment strategies for renewable sugar production, cultivation systems and yeast and fungi based products. Integrated closed loop approach towards multiple product generation with zero waste discharge is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sulogna Chatterjee
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, 500007, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - S Venkata Mohan
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, 500007, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
As one of the world’s largest energy consumers, China is facing the challenge of growing energy demand. Under this background, China is actively implementing the concept of green development and sustainable development route. As inexhaustible green energy, solar energy, has been established as an independent energy type by the Renewable Energy Law and has a broad development prospect. At present, the industrialization level of photovoltaic manufacturing in China is constantly improving, and the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation is constantly improving. However, from the perspective of the system, China’s photovoltaic industry supporting legal system is not perfect. There is a mismatch between the existing laws and industrial development needs, which restricts the future development of photovoltaic power generation in China. The legal environment is crucial to the development of a country’s relevant industries. Only with a good supporting legal system can the development and utilization of solar energy be carried out reasonably and orderly. The PV industry legislation should be adjusted and responded to in a timely manner according to the development situation of the PV industry and the PV market, so as to speed up the introduction of core laws in the PV field, continuously improve the supporting legal system, and effectively play the role of institutional protection of the law.
Collapse
|
28
|
Venkata Subhash G, Rajvanshi M, Raja Krishna Kumar G, Shankar Sagaram U, Prasad V, Govindachary S, Dasgupta S. Challenges in microalgal biofuel production: A perspective on techno economic feasibility under biorefinery stratagem. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 343:126155. [PMID: 34673195 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rapidly exhausting fossil fuels combined with the ever-increasing demand for energy led to an ongoing search for alternative energy sources to meet the transportation, manufacturing, domestic and other energy demands of the grown population. Microalgae are at the forefront of alternative energy research due to their significant potential as a renewable feedstock for biofuels. However, microalgae platforms have not found a way into industrial-scale bioenergy production due to various technical and economic constraints. The present review provides a detailed overview of the challenges in microalgae production processes for bioenergy purposes with supporting techno-economic assessments related to microalgae cultivation, harvesting and downstream processes required for crude oil or biofuel production. In addition, biorefinery approaches that can valorize the by-products or co-products in microalgae production and enhance the techno-economics of the production process are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Venkata Subhash
- Reliance Research and Development Centre, Reliance Corporate Park, Thane-Belapur Road, NaviMumbai 400701, India.
| | - Meghna Rajvanshi
- Reliance Research and Development Centre, Reliance Corporate Park, Thane-Belapur Road, NaviMumbai 400701, India
| | - G Raja Krishna Kumar
- Reliance Research and Development Centre, Reliance Corporate Park, Thane-Belapur Road, NaviMumbai 400701, India
| | - Uma Shankar Sagaram
- Reliance Research and Development Centre, Reliance Corporate Park, Thane-Belapur Road, NaviMumbai 400701, India
| | - Venkatesh Prasad
- Reliance Research and Development Centre, Reliance Corporate Park, Thane-Belapur Road, NaviMumbai 400701, India
| | - Sridharan Govindachary
- Reliance Research and Development Centre, Reliance Corporate Park, Thane-Belapur Road, NaviMumbai 400701, India
| | - Santanu Dasgupta
- Reliance Research and Development Centre, Reliance Corporate Park, Thane-Belapur Road, NaviMumbai 400701, India
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Maurya R, Zhu X, Valverde-Pérez B, Ravi Kiran B, General T, Sharma S, Kumar Sharma A, Thomsen M, Venkata Mohan S, Mohanty K, Angelidaki I. Advances in microalgal research for valorization of industrial wastewater. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 343:126128. [PMID: 34655786 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This review article focuses on recent updates on remediation of industrial wastewater (IWW) through microalgae cultivation. These include how adding additional supplements of nutrient to some specific IWWs lacking adequate nutrients improving the microalgae growth and remediation simultaneously. Various pretreatments strategy recently employed for IWWs treatment other than dealing with microalgae was discussed. Various nutrient-rich IWW could be utilized directly with additional dilution, supplement of nutrients and without any pretreatment. Recent advances in various approaches and new tools used for cultivation of microalgae on IWW such as two-step cultivation, pre-acclimatization, novel microalgal-bioelectrical systems, integrated catalytic intense pulse-light process, sequencing batch reactor, use of old stabilized algal-bacterial consortium, immobilized microalgae cells, microalgal bacterial membrane photobioreactor, low-intensity magnetic field, BIO_ALGAE simulation tool, etc. are discussed. In addition, biorefinery of microalgal biomass grown on IWW and its end-use applications are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahulkumar Maurya
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Xinyu Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, DTU, Denmark
| | - Borja Valverde-Pérez
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, DTU, Denmark
| | - Boda Ravi Kiran
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences (BEES) Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Thiyam General
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, U.S. Nagar, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand 263 145, India
| | - Suvigya Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, U.S. Nagar, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand 263 145, India
| | - Anil Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, U.S. Nagar, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand 263 145, India
| | - Marianne Thomsen
- Aarhus University Centre for Circular Bioeconomy, Aarhus University, Postbox 358 Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - S Venkata Mohan
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences (BEES) Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Kaustubha Mohanty
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India.
| | - Irini Angelidaki
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, DTU, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Aswathi Mohan A, Robert Antony A, Greeshma K, Yun JH, Ramanan R, Kim HS. Algal biopolymers as sustainable resources for a net-zero carbon bioeconomy. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126397. [PMID: 34822992 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The era for eco-friendly polymers was ushered by the marine plastic menace and with the discovery of emerging pollutants such as micro-, nano-plastics, and plastic leachates from fossil fuel-based polymers. This review investigates algae-derived natural, carbon neutral polysaccharides and polyesters, their structure, biosynthetic mechanisms, biopolymers and biocomposites production process, followed by biodegradability of the polymers. The review proposes acceleration of research in this promising area to address the need for eco-friendly polymers and to increase the cost-effectiveness of algal biorefineries by coupling biofuel, high-value products, and biopolymer production using waste and wastewater-grown algal biomass. Such a strategy improves overall sustainability by lowering costs and carbon emissions in algal biorefineries, eventually contributing towards the much touted circular, net-zero carbon future economies. Finally, this review analyses the evolution of citation networks, which in turn highlight the emergence of a new frontier of sustainable polymers from algae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Aswathi Mohan
- Sustainable Resources Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periya, Kasaragod, Kerala 671316, India
| | - Aiswarya Robert Antony
- Sustainable Resources Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periya, Kasaragod, Kerala 671316, India
| | - Kozhumal Greeshma
- Sustainable Resources Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periya, Kasaragod, Kerala 671316, India
| | - Jin-Ho Yun
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Rishiram Ramanan
- Sustainable Resources Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periya, Kasaragod, Kerala 671316, India; Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Sik Kim
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Microalgal Systems for Wastewater Treatment: Technological Trends and Challenges towards Waste Recovery. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14238112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater (WW) treatment using microalgae has become a growing trend due the economic and environmental benefits of the process. As microalgae need CO2, nitrogen, and phosphorus to grow, they remove these potential pollutants from wastewaters, making them able to replace energetically expensive treatment steps in conventional WW treatment. Unlike traditional sludge, biomass can be used to produce biofuels, biofertilizers, high value chemicals, and even next-generation growth media for “organically” grown microalgal biomass targeting zero-waste policies and contributing to a more sustainable circular bioeconomy. The main challenge in this technology is the techno-economic feasibility of the system. Alternatives such as the isolation of novel strains, the use of native consortia, and the design of new bioreactors have been studied to overcome this and aid the scale-up of microalgal systems. This review focuses on the treatment of urban, industrial, and agricultural wastewaters by microalgae and their ability to not only remove, but also promote the reuse, of those pollutants. Opportunities and future prospects are discussed, including the upgrading of the produced biomass into valuable compounds, mainly biofuels.
Collapse
|
32
|
Kumar Sharma A, Kumar Ghodke P, Manna S, Chen WH. Emerging technologies for sustainable production of biohydrogen production from microalgae: A state-of-the-art review of upstream and downstream processes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 342:126057. [PMID: 34597808 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biohydrogen (BioH2) is considered as one of the most environmentally friendly fuels and a strong candidate to meet the future demand for a sustainable source of energy. Presently, the production of BioH2 from photosynthetic organisms has raised a lot of hopes in the fuel industry. Moreover, microalgal-based BioH2 synthesis not only helps to combat current global warming by capturing greenhouse gases but also plays a key role in wastewater treatment. Hence, this manuscript provides a state-of-the-art review of the upstream and downstream BioH2 production processes. Different metabolic routes such as direct and indirect photolysis, dark fermentation, photofermentation, and microbial electrolysis are covered in detail. Upstream processes (e.g. growth techniques, growth media) also have a great impact on BioH2 productivity and economics, which is also explored. Technical and scientific obstacles of microalgae BioH2 systems are finally addressed, allowing the technology to become more innovative and commercial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Alternate and Renewable Energy Research, R&D, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies (UPES), School of Engineering, Energy Acres Building, Bidholi, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Ghodke
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kozhikode 673601, Kerala, India
| | - Suvendu Manna
- Department of Health Safety, Environment and Civil Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
| | - Wei-Hsin Chen
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung 411, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Divya Kuravi S, Venkata Mohan S. Mixotrophic cultivation of isolated Messastrum gracile SVMIICT7: Photosynthetic response and product profiling. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 341:125798. [PMID: 34469817 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The isolated Messastrum gracile SVMIICT7 was mixotrophically cultivated in flat panel photobioreactor (FP-PBR) towards understanding the photosynthetic transient and product profile. Biomass productivity attained a maximum of 45 mg L-1d-1, with COD, nitrate and phosphate removal of 83.3%, 84.05%, and 74.98% respectively. Messastrum sp. showed good assimilation of proteins (124 mg g-1) (w/w), carbohydrates (119 mg g-1) (w/w) and lipids (26%) (w/w). The myristoleic acid (C14:1-39.1%) and heptadecanoic acid (C17:0-29.1%) are abundant fatty acids with therapeutic, food and feed applications. The cellular ultrastructure studies revealed facile arrangement of chloroplast and starch covered pyrenoids supporting increased carbohydrate accumulation. Photosystem II (PSII) [Y(II), ETR(II), Y(NPQ), and Y(NO)] and photosystem I (PSI) [Y(I), ETR(I), Y(NA), and Y(ND)] transients showed improved photosynthetic efficiency directing microalgae growth and biomass productivity. Higher Fv/Fm values indicates relatively good water splitting and carbon fixation at PSII and PSI facilitating improved photosynthetic electron transport and synthesis of value-added products thereby enabling bioeconomy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sri Divya Kuravi
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering (DEEE), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - S Venkata Mohan
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering (DEEE), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhang W, Liu X, Liu J, Zhao C, Sun S, Zhao Y. Biogas slurry nutrient removal and biogas upgrade in co-cultivated microalgae and fungi by induction with strigolactone. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
35
|
Choi HI, Hwang SW, Kim J, Park B, Jin E, Choi IG, Sim SJ. Augmented CO 2 tolerance by expressing a single H +-pump enables microalgal valorization of industrial flue gas. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6049. [PMID: 34663809 PMCID: PMC8523702 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26325-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae can accumulate various carbon-neutral products, but their real-world applications are hindered by their CO2 susceptibility. Herein, the transcriptomic changes in a model microalga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, in a high-CO2 milieu (20%) are evaluated. The primary toxicity mechanism consists of aberrantly low expression of plasma membrane H+-ATPases (PMAs) accompanied by intracellular acidification. Our results demonstrate that the expression of a universally expressible PMA in wild-type strains makes them capable of not only thriving in acidity levels that they usually cannot survive but also exhibiting 3.2-fold increased photoautotrophic production against high CO2 via maintenance of a higher cytoplasmic pH. A proof-of-concept experiment involving cultivation with toxic flue gas (13 vol% CO2, 20 ppm NOX, and 32 ppm SOX) shows that the production of CO2-based bioproducts by the strain is doubled compared with that by the wild-type, implying that this strategy potentially enables the microalgal valorization of CO2 in industrial exhaust.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Il Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Won Hwang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongrae Kim
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, 206, Wangsimni-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeonghyeok Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - EonSeon Jin
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, 206, Wangsimni-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Geol Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jun Sim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Khan MJ, Ahirwar A, Schoefs B, Pugazhendhi A, Varjani S, Rajendran K, Bhatia SK, Saratale GD, Saratale RG, Vinayak V. Insights into diatom microalgal farming for treatment of wastewater and pretreatment of algal cells by ultrasonication for value creation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 201:111550. [PMID: 34224710 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater management and its treatment have revolutionized the industry sector into many innovative techniques. However, the cost of recycling via chemical treatment has major issues especially in economically poor sectors. On the offset, one of the most viable and economical techniques to clean wastewater is by growing microalgae in it. Since wastewater is rich in nitrates, phosphates and other trace elements, the environment is suitable for the growth of microalgae. On the other side, the cost of harvesting microalgae for its secondary metabolites is burgeoning. While simultaneously growing of microalgae in photobioreactors requires regular feeding of the nutrients and maintenance which increases the cost of operation and hence cost of its end products. The growth of microalgae in waste waters makes the process not only economical but they also manufacture more amounts of value added products. However, harvesting of these values added products is still a cumbersome task. On the offset, it has been observed that pretreating the microalgal biomass with ultrasonication allows easy oozing of the secondary metabolites like oil, proteins, carbohydrates and methane at much lower cost than that required for their extraction. Among microalgae diatoms are more robust and have immense crude oil and are rich in various value added products. However, due to their thick silica walls they do not ooze the metabolites until the mechanical force on their walls reaches certain threshold energy. In this review recycling of wastewater using microalgae and its pretreatment via ultrasonication with special reference to diatoms is critically discussed. Perspectives on circular bioeconomy and knowledge gaps for employing microalgae to recycle wastewater have been comprehensively narrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Jahir Khan
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied Science, Dr. HarisinghGour Central University, Sagar, MP, 470003, India
| | - Ankesh Ahirwar
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied Science, Dr. HarisinghGour Central University, Sagar, MP, 470003, India
| | - Benoit Schoefs
- Metabolism, Bioengineering of Microalgal Metabolism and Applications (MIMMA), Mer Molecules Santé, Le Mans University, IUML - FR 3473 CNRS, Le Mans, France
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382 010, India.
| | - Karthik Rajendran
- Department of Environmental Science, SRM University-AP, Neerukonda, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ganesh Dattatraya Saratale
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggido, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Rijuta Ganesh Saratale
- Research Institute of Biotechnology and Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggido, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Vandana Vinayak
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied Science, Dr. HarisinghGour Central University, Sagar, MP, 470003, India.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Anti-Inflammatory and Anticancer Effects of Microalgal Carotenoids. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19100531. [PMID: 34677429 PMCID: PMC8539290 DOI: 10.3390/md19100531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute inflammation is a key component of the immune system’s response to pathogens, toxic agents, or tissue injury, involving the stimulation of defense mechanisms aimed to removing pathogenic factors and restoring tissue homeostasis. However, uncontrolled acute inflammatory response may lead to chronic inflammation, which is involved in the development of many diseases, including cancer. Nowadays, the need to find new potential therapeutic compounds has raised the worldwide scientific interest to study the marine environment. Specifically, microalgae are considered rich sources of bioactive molecules, such as carotenoids, which are natural isoprenoid pigments with important beneficial effects for health due to their biological activities. Carotenoids are essential nutrients for mammals, but they are unable to synthesize them; instead, a dietary intake of these compounds is required. Carotenoids are classified as carotenes (hydrocarbon carotenoids), such as α- and β-carotene, and xanthophylls (oxygenate derivatives) including zeaxanthin, astaxanthin, fucoxanthin, lutein, α- and β-cryptoxanthin, and canthaxanthin. This review summarizes the present up-to-date knowledge of the anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of microalgal carotenoids both in vitro and in vivo, as well as the latest status of human studies for their potential use in prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases and cancer.
Collapse
|
38
|
Atiwesh G, Mikhael A, Parrish CC, Banoub J, Le TAT. Environmental impact of bioplastic use: A review. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07918. [PMID: 34522811 PMCID: PMC8424513 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout their lifecycle, petroleum-based plastics are associated with many environmental problems, including greenhouse gas emissions, persistence in marine and terrestrial environments, pollution, etc. On the other hand, bioplastics form a rapidly growing class of polymeric materials that are commonly presented as alternatives to conventional petroleum-based plastics. However, bioplastics also have been linked to important environmental issues such as greenhouse gas emissions and unfavorable land use change, making it necessary to evaluate the true impact of bioplastic use on the environment. Still, while many reviews discuss bioplastics, few comprehensively and simultaneously address the positives and negatives of bioplastic use for the environment. The primary focus of the present review article is to address this gap in present research. To this end, this review addresses the following questions: (1) what are the different types of bioplastics that are currently in commercial use or under development in the industry; (2) are bioplastics truly good for the environment; and (3) how can we better resolve the controversial impact of bioplastics on the environment? Overall, studies discussed in this review article show that the harms associated with bioplastics are less severe as compared to conventional plastics. Moreover, as new types of bioplastics are developed, it becomes important that future studies conduct thorough life cycle and land use change analyses to confirm the eco-friendliness of these new materials. Such studies will help policymakers to determine whether the use of new-generation bioplastics is indeed beneficial to the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Atiwesh
- Environmental Science Program, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X7 Canada
| | - Abanoub Mikhael
- Chemistry Department, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Christopher C. Parrish
- Chemistry Department, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland A1C 5S7, Canada
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Joseph Banoub
- Chemistry Department, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland A1C 5S7, Canada
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Science Branch, Special Projects, St John's, NL, A1C 5X, Canada
| | - Tuyet-Anh T. Le
- School of Science and the Environment, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Grenfell Campus, Corner Brook, NL A2H 5G4, Canada
- Environmental Policy Institute, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Grenfell Campus, Corner Brook, NL A2H 5G4, Canada
- Forestry Economics Research Centre, Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, 46 Duc Thang ward, Northern Tu Liem District, Hanoi 11910, Viet Nam
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kiran BR, Venkata Mohan S. Microalgal Cell Biofactory-Therapeutic, Nutraceutical and Functional Food Applications. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:836. [PMID: 33919450 PMCID: PMC8143517 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are multifaceted photosynthetic microorganisms with emerging business potential. They are present ubiquitously in terrestrial and aquatic environments with rich species diversity and are capable of producing significant biomass. Traditionally, microalgal biomass is being used as food and feed in many countries around the globe. The production of microalgal-based bioactive compounds at an industrial scale through biotechnological interventions is gaining interest more recently. The present review provides a detailed overview of the key algal metabolites, which plays a crucial role in nutraceutical, functional foods, and animal/aquaculture feed industries. Bioactive compounds of microalgae known to exhibit antioxidant, antimicrobial, antitumor, and immunomodulatory effects were comprehensively reviewed. The potential microalgal species and biological extracts against human pathogens were also discussed. Further, current technologies involved in upstream and downstream bioprocessing including cultivation, harvesting, and cell disruption were documented. Establishing microalgae as an alternative supplement would complement the sustainable and environmental requirements in the framework of human health and well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - S. Venkata Mohan
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering (DEE), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India;
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Karpagam R, Jawaharraj K, Gnanam R. Review on integrated biofuel production from microalgal biomass through the outset of transesterification route: a cascade approach for sustainable bioenergy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 766:144236. [PMID: 33422843 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, microalgal feedstocks have gained immense potential for sustainable biofuel production. Thermochemical, biochemical conversions and transesterification processes are employed for biofuel production. Especially, the transesterification process of lipid molecules to fatty acid alkyl esters (FAAE) is being widely employed for biodiesel production. In the case of the extractive transesterification process, biodiesel is produced from the extracted microalgal oil. Whereas In-situ (reactive) transesterification allows the direct conversion of microalgae to biodiesel avoiding the sequential steps, which subsequently reduces the production cost. Though microalgae have the highest potential to be an alternate renewable feedstock, the minimization of biofuel production cost is still a challenge. The biorefinery approaches that rely on simple cascade processes involving cost-effective technologies are the need of an hour for sustainable bioenergy production using microalgae. At the same time, combining the biorefineries for both (i) high value-low volume (food and health supplements) and (ii) low value- high volume (waste remediation, bioenergy) from microalgae involves regulatory and technical problems. Waste-remediation and algal biorefinery were extensively reviewed in many previous reports. On the other hand, this review focuses on the cascade processes for efficient utilization of microalgae for integrated bioenergy production through the transesterification. Microalgal biomass remnants after the transesterification process, comprising carbohydrates as a major component (process flow A) or the carbohydrate fraction after bio-separation of pretreated microalgae (process flow B) can be utilized for bioethanol production. Therefore, this review concentrates on the cascade flow of integrated bioprocessing methods for biodiesel and bioethanol production through the transesterification and biochemical routes. The review also sheds light on the recent combinatorial approaches of transesterification of microalgae. The applicability of spent microalgal biomass residue for biogas and other applications to bring about zero-waste residue are discussed. Furthermore, techno-economic analysis (TEA), life cycle assessment (LCA) and challenges of microalgal biorefineries are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rathinasamy Karpagam
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (CPMB & B), Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Kalimuthu Jawaharraj
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, South Dakota Mines, Rapid City 57701, SD, United States
| | - Ramasamy Gnanam
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (CPMB & B), Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Sreeharsha RV, Venkata Mohan S. Symbiotic integration of bioprocesses to design a self-sustainable life supporting ecosystem in a circular economy framework. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 326:124712. [PMID: 33517050 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Climate change, resource depletion and unsustainable crop productivity are major challenges that mankind is currently facing. Natural ecosystems of earth's biosphere are becoming vulnerable and there is a need to design Bioregenerative Life Support Systems (BLSS) which are ecologically engineered microcosms that could effectively deal with problems associated with urbanization and industrialization in a sustainable manner. The principles of BLSS could be integrated with waste fed biorefineries and solar energy to create a self-sustainable bioregenerative ecosystem (SSBE). Such engineered ecosystems will have potential to fulfil urban life essentials and climate change mitigation thus generating ecologically smart and resilient communities which can strengthen the global economy. This article provides a detailed overview on SSBE framework and its improvement in the contemporary era to achieve circular bioeconomy by means of effective resource recycling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachapudi Venkata Sreeharsha
- Bioengineering and Environmental Science Laboratory, Department of Energy and Environmental, Engineering, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - S Venkata Mohan
- Bioengineering and Environmental Science Laboratory, Department of Energy and Environmental, Engineering, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
A Multi-Objective Life Cycle Optimization Model of an Integrated Algal Biorefinery toward a Sustainable Circular Bioeconomy Considering Resource Recirculation. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14051416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Biofuel production from microalgae biomass has been considered a viable alternative to harmful fossil fuels; however, challenges are faced regarding its economic sustainability. Process integration to yield various high-value bioproducts is implemented to raise profitability and sustainability. By incorporating a circular economy outlook, recirculation of resource flows is maximized to yield economic and environmental benefits through waste minimization. However, previous modeling studies have not looked into the opportunity of integrating productivity reduction related to the continuous recirculation and reuse of resources until it reaches its end of life. In this work, a novel multi-objective optimization model is developed centered on an algal biorefinery that simultaneously optimizes cost and environmental impact, adopts the principle of resource recovery and recirculation, and incorporates the life cycle assessment methodology to properly account for the environmental impacts of the system. An algal biorefinery involving end-products such as biodiesel, glycerol, biochar, and fertilizer was used for a case study to validate the optimization model. The generated optimal results are assessed and further analyzed through scenario analysis. It was seen that demand fluctuations and process unit efficiencies have significant effect on the optimal results.
Collapse
|
43
|
Ilyas S, Srivastava RR, Kim H, Das S, Singh VK. Circular bioeconomy and environmental benignness through microbial recycling of e-waste: A case study on copper and gold restoration. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 121:175-185. [PMID: 33360816 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study has attempted to ascertain the linkages between circular bio-economy (CirBioeco) and recycling of electronic (e-)waste by applying microbial activities instead of the smelter and chemical technologies. To build the research hypothesis, the advances on biotechnology-driven recycling processes for metals extraction from e-waste has been analyzed briefly. Thereafter, based on the potential of microbial techniques and research hypothesis, the structural model has been tested for a significance level of 99%, which is supported by the corresponding standardization co-efficient values. A prediction model applied to determine the recycling impact on CirBioeco indicates to re-circulate 51,833 tons of copper and 58 tons of gold by 2030 for the production of virgin metals/raw-materials, while recycling rate of the accumulated e-waste remains to be 20%. This restoration volume of copper and gold through the microbial activities corresponds to mitigate 174 million kg CO2 emissions and 24 million m3 water consumption if compared with the primary production activities. The study potentially opens a new window for environmentally-friendly biotechnological recycling of e-waste under the umbrella concept of CirBioeco.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Ilyas
- Department of Mineral Resources and Energy Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Rajiv R Srivastava
- Center for Advanced Chemistry, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Natural Sciences, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Hyunjung Kim
- Department of Mineral Resources and Energy Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea; Department of Environment and Energy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - Subhankar Das
- Institute of Socio-economics, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Vinay K Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, Gujarat, India
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Dahiya S, Chatterjee S, Sarkar O, Mohan SV. Renewable hydrogen production by dark-fermentation: Current status, challenges and perspectives. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 321:124354. [PMID: 33277136 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Global urbanization has resulted in amplified energy and material consumption with simultaneous waste generation. Current energy demand is mostly fulfilled by finite fossil reserves, which has critical impact on the environment and thus, there is a need for carbon-neutral energy. In this view, biohydrogen (bio-H2) is considered suitable due to its potential as a green and dependable carbon-neutral energy source in the emerging 'Hydrogen Economy'. Bio-H2 production by dark fermentation of biowaste/biomass/wastewater is gaining significant attention. However, bio-H2production still holds critical challenges towards scale-up with reference to process limitations and economic viabilities. This review illustrates the status of dark-fermentation process in the context of process sustainability and achieving commercial success. The review also provides an insight on various process integrations for maximum resource recovery including closed loop biorefinery approach towards the accomplishment of carbon neutral H2 production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Dahiya
- Bioengineering and Environmental Science Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sulogna Chatterjee
- Bioengineering and Environmental Science Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Omprakash Sarkar
- Bioengineering and Environmental Science Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - S Venkata Mohan
- Bioengineering and Environmental Science Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Kumar A. Current and Future Perspective of Microalgae for Simultaneous Wastewater Treatment and Feedstock for Biofuels Production. CHEMISTRY AFRICA 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42250-020-00221-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
46
|
Experimental and Techno-Economic Study on the Use of Microalgae for Paper Industry Effluents Remediation. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13031314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Humanity is facing some major global threats, namely lack of environmental sustainability, the energy crisis associated with the unsustainable reliance on fossil fuels, and water scarcity, which will be exacerbated with the rapid growth of urban areas. Researchers have drawn their attention to microalgae, photosynthetic microorganisms known for their environmental applications, such as wastewater remediation and lipids accumulation, to produce third-generation biofuels to solve some of these major issues. Considering this dual role, this study evaluated the potential of the microalga Chlorella vulgaris on nutrient removal from a paper industry effluent and bioenergy production. Firstly, experiments were performed to assess the potential of this microalga to: (i) successfully grow in different concentrations of a paper industry effluent (20% to 100%); and (ii) treat the industrial effluent, reducing phosphorus concentrations to values below the accepted legal limits. Then, a techno-economic assessment was performed to study the viability of a C. vulgaris biorefinery targeting the remediation of a paper industry effluent and bioenergy production. The results have shown that C. vulgaris was able to successfully grow and treat the paper industry effluent. Under these conditions, average biomass productivities determined for this microalga ranged between 15.5 ± 0.5 and 26 ± 1 mg dry weight (DW) L−1 d−1, with maximum biomass concentrations reaching values between 337 ± 9 and 495 ± 25 mg DW L−1 d−1. Moreover, final phosphorus concentrations ranged between 0.12 ± 0.01 and 0.5 ± 0.3 mg P L−1, values below the legal limits imposed by the Portuguese Environment Agency on the paper industry. Regarding the proposal of a microalgal biorefinery for the bioremediation of paper industry effluents with bioenergy production, the techno-economic study demonstrated that six of the seven studied scenarios resulted in an economically-viable infrastructure. The highest net present value (15.4 million euros) and lowest discounted payback period (13 years) were determined for Scenario 3, which assumed a photosynthetic efficiency of 3%, a lipids extraction efficiency of 75%, and an anaerobic digestion efficiency of 45%. Therefore, it was possible to conclude that besides being economically viable, the proposed biorefinery presents several environmental benefits: (i) the remediation of an industrial effluent; (ii) CO2 uptake for microalgal growth, which contributes to a reduction in greenhouse gases emissions; (iii) production of clean and renewable energy; (iv) soil regeneration; and (v) promotion of a circular economy.
Collapse
|
47
|
Continuous Production of Lipids with Microchloropsis salina in Open Thin-Layer Cascade Photobioreactors on a Pilot Scale. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14020500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Studies on microalgal lipid production as a sustainable feedstock for biofuels and chemicals are scarce, particularly those on applying open thin-layer cascade (TLC) photobioreactors under dynamic diurnal conditions. Continuous lipid production with Microchloropsis salina was studied in scalable TLC photobioreactors at 50 m2 pilot scale, applying a physically simulated Mediterranean summer climate. A cascade of two serially connected TLC reactors was applied, promoting biomass growth under nutrient-replete conditions in the first reactor, while inducing the accumulation of lipids via nitrogen limitation in the second reactor. Up to 4.1 g L−1 of lipids were continuously produced at productivities of up to 0.27 g L−1 d−1 (1.8 g m2 d−1) at a mean hydraulic residence time of 2.5 d in the first reactor and 20 d in the second reactor. Coupling mass balances with the kinetics of microalgal growth and lipid formation enabled the simulation of phototrophic process performances of M. salina in TLC reactors in batch and continuous operation at the climate conditions studied. This study demonstrates the scalability of continuous microalgal lipid production in TLC reactors with M. salina and provides a TLC reactor model for the realistic simulation of microalgae lipid production processes after re-identification of the model parameters if other microalgae and/or varying climate conditions are applied.
Collapse
|
48
|
Microalgae Cultivation Technologies as an Opportunity for Bioenergetic System Development—Advantages and Limitations. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12239980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Microalgal biomass is currently considered as a sustainable and renewable feedstock for biofuel production (biohydrogen, biomethane, biodiesel) characterized by lower emissions of hazardous air pollutants than fossil fuels. Photobioreactors for microalgae growth can be exploited using many industrial and domestic wastes. It allows locating the commercial microalgal systems in areas that cannot be employed for agricultural purposes, i.e., near heating or wastewater treatment plants and other industrial facilities producing carbon dioxide and organic and nutrient compounds. Despite their high potential, the large-scale algal biomass production technologies are not popular because the systems for biomass production, separation, drainage, and conversion into energy carriers are difficult to explicitly assess and balance, considering the ecological and economical concerns. Most of the studies presented in the literature have been carried out on a small, laboratory scale. This significantly limits the possibility of obtaining reliable data for a comprehensive assessment of the efficiency of such solutions. Therefore, there is a need to verify the results in pilot-scale and the full technical-scale studies. This study summarizes the strengths and weaknesses of microalgal biomass production technologies for bioenergetic applications.
Collapse
|
49
|
|
50
|
Dolganyuk V, Belova D, Babich O, Prosekov A, Ivanova S, Katserov D, Patyukov N, Sukhikh S. Microalgae: A Promising Source of Valuable Bioproducts. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1153. [PMID: 32781745 PMCID: PMC7465300 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are a group of autotrophic microorganisms that live in marine, freshwater and soil ecosystems and produce organic substances in the process of photosynthesis. Due to their high metabolic flexibility, adaptation to various cultivation conditions as well as the possibility of rapid growth, the number of studies on their use as a source of biologically valuable products is growing rapidly. Currently, integrated technologies for the cultivation of microalgae aiming to isolate various biologically active substances from biomass to increase the profitability of algae production are being sought. To implement this kind of development, the high productivity of industrial cultivation systems must be accompanied by the ability to control the biosynthesis of biologically valuable compounds in conditions of intensive culture growth. The review considers the main factors (temperature, pH, component composition, etc.) that affect the biomass growth process and the biologically active substance synthesis in microalgae. The advantages and disadvantages of existing cultivation methods are outlined. An analysis of various methods for the isolation and overproduction of the main biologically active substances of microalgae (proteins, lipids, polysaccharides, pigments and vitamins) is presented and new technologies and approaches aimed at using microalgae as promising ingredients in value-added products are considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vyacheslav Dolganyuk
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo Street 14, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia; (V.D.); (D.B.); (O.B.); (D.K.); (N.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Daria Belova
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo Street 14, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia; (V.D.); (D.B.); (O.B.); (D.K.); (N.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Olga Babich
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo Street 14, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia; (V.D.); (D.B.); (O.B.); (D.K.); (N.P.); (S.S.)
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis, Kemerovo State University, Krasnaya Street 6, 650043 Kemerovo, Russia;
| | - Alexander Prosekov
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis, Kemerovo State University, Krasnaya Street 6, 650043 Kemerovo, Russia;
| | - Svetlana Ivanova
- Natural Nutraceutical Biotesting Laboratory, Kemerovo State University, Krasnaya Street 6, 650043 Kemerovo, Russia
- Department of General Mathematics and Informatics, Kemerovo State University, Krasnaya Street 6, 650043 Kemerovo, Russia
| | - Dmitry Katserov
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo Street 14, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia; (V.D.); (D.B.); (O.B.); (D.K.); (N.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Nikolai Patyukov
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo Street 14, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia; (V.D.); (D.B.); (O.B.); (D.K.); (N.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Stanislav Sukhikh
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo Street 14, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia; (V.D.); (D.B.); (O.B.); (D.K.); (N.P.); (S.S.)
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis, Kemerovo State University, Krasnaya Street 6, 650043 Kemerovo, Russia;
| |
Collapse
|