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Thai M, Safianowicz K, Bell TL, Kertesz MA. Dynamics of microbial community and enzyme activities during preparation of Agaricus bisporus compost substrate. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:88. [PMID: 37938292 PMCID: PMC9723551 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-022-00174-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) are grown commercially on a specialized substrate that is usually prepared from wheat straw and poultry manure in a microbially-mediated composting process. The quality and yield of the mushroom crop depends critically on the quality of this composted substrate, but details of the microbial community responsible for compost production have only emerged recently. Here we report a detailed study of microbial succession during mushroom compost production (wetting, thermophilic, pasteurization/conditioning, spawn run). The wetting and thermophilic phases were characterized by a rapid succession of bacterial and fungal communities, with maximum diversity at the high heat stage. Pasteurization/conditioning selected for a more stable community dominated by the thermophilic actinomycete Mycothermus thermophilus and a range of bacterial taxa including Pseudoxanthomonas taiwanensis and other Proteobacteria. These taxa decreased during spawn run and may be acting as a direct source of nutrition for the proliferating Agaricus mycelium, which has previously been shown to use microbial biomass in the compost for growth. Comparison of bacterial communities at five geographically separated composting yards in south-eastern Australia revealed similarities in microbial succession during composting, although the dominant bacterial taxa varied among sites. This suggests that specific microbial taxa or combinations of taxa may provide useful biomarkers of compost quality and may be applied as predictive markers of mushroom crop yield and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghann Thai
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Katarzyna Safianowicz
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Tina L Bell
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Michael A Kertesz
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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Bhalla A, Arce J, Ubanwa B, Singh G, Sani RK, Balan V. Thermophilic Geobacillus WSUCF1 Secretome for Saccharification of Ammonia Fiber Expansion and Extractive Ammonia Pretreated Corn Stover. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:844287. [PMID: 35694290 PMCID: PMC9176393 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.844287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A thermophilic Geobacillus bacterial strain, WSUCF1 contains different carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) capable of hydrolyzing hemicellulose in lignocellulosic biomass. We used proteomic, genomic, and bioinformatic tools, and genomic data to analyze the relative abundance of cellulolytic, hemicellulolytic, and lignin modifying enzymes present in the secretomes. Results showed that CAZyme profiles of secretomes varied based on the substrate type and complexity, composition, and pretreatment conditions. The enzyme activity of secretomes also changed depending on the substrate used. The secretomes were used in combination with commercial and purified enzymes to carry out saccharification of ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX)-pretreated corn stover and extractive ammonia (EA)-pretreated corn stover. When WSUCF1 bacterial secretome produced at different conditions was combined with a small percentage of commercial enzymes, we observed efficient saccharification of EA-CS, and the results were comparable to using a commercial enzyme cocktail (87% glucan and 70% xylan conversion). It also opens the possibility of producing CAZymes in a biorefinery using inexpensive substrates, such as AFEX-pretreated corn stover and Avicel, and eliminates expensive enzyme processing steps that are used in enzyme manufacturing. Implementing in-house enzyme production is expected to significantly reduce the cost of enzymes and biofuel processing cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Bhalla
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Health Science, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, United States
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Jessie Arce
- Department of Engineering Technology, College of Technology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Bryan Ubanwa
- Department of Engineering Technology, College of Technology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Gursharan Singh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Rajesh K. Sani
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Health Science, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, United States
| | - Venkatesh Balan
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Engineering Technology, College of Technology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Venkatesh Balan,
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Stress Dependent Biofilm Formation and Bioactive Melanin Pigment Production by a Thermophilic Bacillus Species from Chilean Hot Spring. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14040680. [PMID: 35215592 PMCID: PMC8880475 DOI: 10.3390/polym14040680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermophilic bacteria able to survive extreme temperature stress are of great biotechnological interest due to their extracellular production of bioactive molecules as a part of a survival strategy, or by intracellular modifications. In the present study, thermophilic Bacillus haynesii CamB6, isolated from a Chilean hot spring, was studied for the formation of different stress response molecules. The polymeric pigment produced by the bacterial strain was characterized by different physicochemical techniques. On exposure to ranges of temperature (50–60 °C), pH (5.0–7.0), and sources of nitrogen and carbon (1–5 g·L−1), the bacteria responded with a biofilm network formation in a hydrophobic polystyrene surface. Biofilm formation under fed-batch conditions was also statistically validated. The bacteria showed a planktonic pellicle network formation in the presence of induced hypoxia and salinity stress (19.45 g·L−1) under static conditions. Salinity stress also resulted in the intracellular response of brown pigment production. The pigment was structurally and functionally characterized by UV-Vis absorbance and the presence of different characteristic peaks via FTIR analysis (bacterial pyomelanin fingerprints) were assessed. A high thermal stability and TGA profile indicated the brown pigment was a probable pyomelanin candidate. Micropyrolysis (Py-GC/MS) showed that isoprene, pyrrole, benzene, pyridine, and their derivatives were the major components detected. In addition, acetic acid, indole, phenol, and its derivatives were observed. The absence of sulfocompounds in the pyrolyzed products agreed with those reported in the literature for pyomelanin. The pigment surface morphology was analyzed via SEM, and the elemental composition via EDS also demonstrated the similarity of the brown pigment to that of the melanin family. The pyomelanin pigment was observed to be bioactive with promising antioxidant capacity (H2O2, Fe2+) compared to the standard antioxidant molecules. In conclusion, B. haynesii CamB6 demonstrated the formation of several biomolecules as a stress response mechanism that is bioactive, showing its probable biotechnological applications in future.
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Liczbiński P, Borowski S. Effect of hyperthermophilic pretreatment on methane and hydrogen production from garden waste under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 335:125264. [PMID: 34004562 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion of garden waste was investigated in a two-stage process consisting of hyperthermophilic pretreatment followed by mesophilic or thermophilic fermentation. The greatest digestion performance was achieved when the substrates were first treated at 70 °C for 3 days with no inoculation, and then mixed with inoculum (anaerobic sludge) and subjected to anaerobic digestion at 55 °C. Under such conditions, the maximum methane and hydrogen yields from grass were 517 NmlCH4/kgVS and 52 NmlH2/kgVS, whereas the corresponding values for leaves were 421 NmlCH4/kgVS and 23 NmlH2/kgVS, and these figure were far greater than the yields obtained in experiments with no hyperthermophilic stage. A metagenomic analysis of hyperthermophilic environments revealed the appearance of thermophilic and hyperthermophilic bacteria showing hydrolytic activity against lignocellulosic materials, including Caldicellulosiruptor, Thermovenabulum, Thermoanaerobacter, Moorella, Tepimicrobium, Geobacillus and Thermobacillus at a genus level. A noticeable methane production in the hyperthermophilic stage could be linked to the presence of Methanothermobacter sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Liczbiński
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Sebastian Borowski
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
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Gavande PV, Basak A, Sen S, Lepcha K, Murmu N, Rai V, Mazumdar D, Saha SP, Das V, Ghosh S. Functional characterization of thermotolerant microbial consortium for lignocellulolytic enzymes with central role of Firmicutes in rice straw depolymerization. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3032. [PMID: 33542396 PMCID: PMC7862241 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82163-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) straw, an agricultural waste of high yield, is a sustainable source of fermentable sugars for biofuel and other chemicals. However, it shows recalcitrance to microbial catalysed depolymerization. We herein describe development of thermotolerant microbial consortium (RSV) from vermicompost with ability to degrade rice straw and analysis of its metagenome for bacterial diversity, and lignocellulolytic carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) and their phylogenetic affiliations. RSV secretome exhibited cellulases and hemicellulases with higher activity at 60 °C. It catalysed depolymerization of chemical pretreated rice straw as revealed by scanning electron microscopy and saccharification yield of 460 mg g-1 rice straw. Microbial diversity of RSV was distinct from other compost habitats, with predominance of members of phyla Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes; and Pseudoclostridium, Thermoanaerobacterium, Chelatococcus and Algoriphagus being most abundant genera. RSV harboured 1389 CAZyme encoding ORFs of glycoside hydrolase, carbohydrate esterase, glycosyl transferase, carbohydrate binding module and auxiliary activity functions. Microorganisms of Firmicutes showed central role in lignocellulose deconstruction with importance in hemicellulose degradation; whereas representatives of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes contributed to cellulose and lignin degradation, respectively. RSV consortium could be a resource for mining thermotolerant cellulolytic bacteria or enzymes and studying their synergism in deconstruction of chemically pretreated rice straw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parmeshwar V. Gavande
- grid.412222.50000 0001 1188 5260Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, P.O.-NBU, Siliguri, West Bengal 734013 India
| | - Arijita Basak
- grid.412222.50000 0001 1188 5260Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, P.O.-NBU, Siliguri, West Bengal 734013 India
| | - Subhajit Sen
- grid.412222.50000 0001 1188 5260Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, P.O.-NBU, Siliguri, West Bengal 734013 India
| | - Khusboo Lepcha
- grid.412222.50000 0001 1188 5260Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, P.O.-NBU, Siliguri, West Bengal 734013 India
| | - Nensina Murmu
- grid.412222.50000 0001 1188 5260Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, P.O.-NBU, Siliguri, West Bengal 734013 India
| | - Vijeta Rai
- grid.412222.50000 0001 1188 5260Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, P.O.-NBU, Siliguri, West Bengal 734013 India
| | - Deepika Mazumdar
- grid.412222.50000 0001 1188 5260Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, P.O.-NBU, Siliguri, West Bengal 734013 India
| | - Shyama Prasad Saha
- grid.412222.50000 0001 1188 5260Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, P.O.-NBU, Siliguri, West Bengal 734013 India
| | - Vaskar Das
- grid.412222.50000 0001 1188 5260Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, P.O.-NBU, Siliguri, West Bengal 734013 India
| | - Shilpi Ghosh
- grid.412222.50000 0001 1188 5260Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, P.O.-NBU, Siliguri, West Bengal 734013 India
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Shrestha N, Tripathi AK, Govil T, Sani RK, Urgun-Demirtas M, Kasthuri V, Gadhamshetty V. Electricity from lignocellulosic substrates by thermophilic Geobacillus species. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17047. [PMID: 33046790 PMCID: PMC7552438 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72866-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Given our vast lignocellulosic biomass reserves and the difficulty in bioprocessing them without expensive pretreatment and fuel separation steps, the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass directly into electricity would be beneficial. Here we report the previously unexplored capabilities of thermophilic Geobacillus sp. strain WSUCF1 to generate electricity directly from such complex substrates in microbial fuel cells. This process obviates the need for exogenous enzymes and redox mediator supplements. Cyclic voltammetry and chromatography studies revealed the electrochemical signatures of riboflavin molecules that reflect mediated electron transfer capabilities of strain WSUCF1. Proteomics and genomics analysis corroborated that WSUCF1 biofilms uses type-II NADH dehydrogenase and demethylmenaquinone methyltransferase to transfer the electrons to conducting anode via the redox active pheromone lipoproteins localized at the cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namita Shrestha
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, 57701, USA. .,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology, Terre Haute, IN, 47803, USA.
| | - Abhilash Kumar Tripathi
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, 57701, USA
| | - Tanvi Govil
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, 57701, USA
| | - Rajesh Kumar Sani
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, 57701, USA. .,BuGReMeDEE Consortium, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, 57701, USA.
| | - Meltem Urgun-Demirtas
- Energy Global Security Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Venkateswaran Kasthuri
- Biotechnology and Planetary Protection Group, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA
| | - Venkataramana Gadhamshetty
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, 57701, USA. .,BuGReMeDEE Consortium, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, 57701, USA.
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David A, Rathinam NK, Sani RK. Bioelectrosynthesis technology for enhancing methane production using a thermophilic methanogenic consortium. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 314:123892. [PMID: 32718806 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This work investigated the electrocatalytic activity of a thermophilic methanogenic consortia (TMC) for developing a bioelectrosynthesis process to convert food and paper wastes to methane. Electroanalytical techniques were used to analyze the electrocatalytic activity of the TMC biofilm formed onto the electrodes. The developed electromethanogenesis process enhanced the yield of methane by 54.7% than control experiments. Scanning electron micrographs of the TMC bioelectrodes showed that the electrosynthesis process accelerates biofilm formation onto the electrodes leading to enhanced direct electron transfer reactions at electrode-electrolyte interface. This study will help in developing a novel approach for valorization of food and paper waste to biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi David
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA
| | - Navanietha Krishnaraj Rathinam
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA; Composite and Nanocomposite Advanced Manufacturing Center - Biomaterials (CNAM-Bio Center), Rapid City, SD 57701, USA; BuG ReMeDEE Consortium, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA
| | - Rajesh K Sani
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA; Composite and Nanocomposite Advanced Manufacturing Center - Biomaterials (CNAM-Bio Center), Rapid City, SD 57701, USA; BuG ReMeDEE Consortium, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA.
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Zhang C, You S, Zhang J, Qi W, Su R, He Z. An effective in-situ method for laccase immobilization: Excellent activity, effective antibiotic removal rate and low potential ecological risk for degradation products. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 308:123271. [PMID: 32247949 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we used a simple in-situ biomineralization method to immobilize Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis)-derived laccase into the copper-Trimesic acid framework (Cu-BTC), and the synthesized Laccase@Cu-BTC particles were used to degrade tetracycline and ampicillin. Compared with free laccase, the Laccase@Cu-BTC showed 16.5-fold of activity recovery, higher thermo-tolerant performance, more excellent acid-proof ability and reusability. Without any mediators, Laccase@Cu-BTC displayed high degradation efficiency (nearly 100%) for tetracycline and ampicillin in some actual water. The degradation mechanism and proposed degradation pathways of tetracycline and ampicillin were discussed technically. Besides, bacteriostatic assay and survival test of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and B. subtilis confirmed the loss of antibiotic activity for tetracycline and ampicillin, as well as the low ecotoxicity of the degradation products. Our research demonstrates that Laccase@Cu-BTC has excellent performance in the effective removal of antibiotics and the detoxification of degradation products, which make it a promising candidate for environmental recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Zhang
- Chemical Engineering Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Shengping You
- Chemical Engineering Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Jiaxing Zhang
- Chemical Engineering Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Wei Qi
- Chemical Engineering Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
| | - Rongxin Su
- Chemical Engineering Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Zhimin He
- Chemical Engineering Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
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